Module 12 (Cellular Regulation)

A nurse is assessing a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who is exhibiting physiologic manifestations. The nurse interprets these manifestations as being the result of which of the following? Increased parasympathetic activity Decreased plasma catecholamine levels Increased sympathetic activity Decreased urinary epinephrine levels

Increased sympathetic activity

The nurse is teaching a community group about emotions experienced with stress. What emotions will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. power helplessness happiness anxiety inadequacy

inadequacy anxiety helplessness

What physiologic events may happen in the alarm phase of General Adaptation Syndrome? decreased blood pressure constriction of the bronchi decreased cortisol response increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation

increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation

After teaching nursing students about substance abuse and its effects on individuals and families, the instructor determines that additional teaching is necessary when the students state which of the following? "People experiencing substance abuse problems often have difficulty using adaptive behaviors." "Individuals frequently engage in substance use and abuse to enhance their decision-making ability." "Substance abuse is widespread, occurring in all types of settings." "Substance abuse involves use of alcohol and illegal, prescribed, or over-the-counter drugs."

"Individuals frequently engage in substance use and abuse to enhance their decision-making ability."

A client with diabetes whose husband recently died reports elevated blood glucose levels. She admits she is barely eating anything; she does not feel hungry. How will the nurse best respond to this client? "You probably do not realize all that you are eating during this stressful time." "Have you checked the batteries in your glucose monitor recently?" "The body reacts in strange ways when we go through stressful times." "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

"Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

A client with diabetes whose husband recently died reports elevated blood glucose levels. She admits she is barely eating anything; she does not feel hungry. How will the nurse best respond to this client? "You probably do not realize all that you are eating during this stressful time." "The body reacts in strange ways when we go through stressful times." "Have you checked the batteries in your glucose monitor recently?" "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

"Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

A nurse is giving discharge instructions to a client who came to the emergency department following an ankle sprain. The client asks "Why does this hurt so much?" Which response would be most appropriate from the nurse? "The blood vessels are damaged, and this releases histamine, which causes pain." "The nerves are being stimulated by the pressure from the swelling at the sprain." "The local heat at the sprain causes pain." "The hypothalamus gets reset by the injury and produces the pain response."

"The nerves are being stimulated by the pressure from the swelling at the sprain."

While interviewing the wife of a patient with multiple health problems, the spouse states, "I'm not the one who is ill, but I feel like I'm getting sick all the time." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? "Why don't you focus on how well you are coping?" "Let's talk with your doctor about getting you checked out." "When one family member becomes ill, other members are affected." "Maybe you are catching something from your husband."

"When one family member becomes ill, other members are affected."

For a person to be clinically depressed, signs of a depressed mood or depressed interest in pleasurable activities must occur for at least 2 weeks. 1 week. 3 days. 10 days.

2 weeks.

Studying for the NCLEX-RN examination is an example of which type of stressor? Acute, time limited Chronic intermittent Chronic enduring Stressor sequence

Acute, time limited

A client exhibits hostility toward the persons from whom she wants love and approval. Which of the following states the client's condition? Split personality Ambidexterity Dual personality Ambivalence

Ambivalence

A nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of spiritual distress for a patient based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply. Anger Despair Ambivalence Acceptance Peacefulness

Anger Ambivalence Despair

The nurse is performing an assessment to determine the patient's social support systems. What question is important for the nurse to ask? Does the client have an exercise plan to stay motivated? What is the client's current employment status? Does the patient belong to a group that is mutually dependent and communicative? Does the client regularly attend a support group?

Does the patient belong to a group that is mutually dependent and communicative?

Which of the following factors are implicated in the development of heart disease? Excess and low levels of dopamine Frequent activation of the sympathetic nervous system Result of imbalances in serotonin Brain pathology

Frequent activation of the sympathetic nervous system

The nurse is caring for a client with an anxiety disorder. The client reports feelings of anxiousness when in social situations. Which classification of medications does the nurse anticipate? Benzodiazepines Corticosteroids Adrenergic blockers Antipsychotics

Benzodiazepines

The nurse is caring for a client with an anxiety disorder. The client reports feelings of anxiousness when in social situations. Which classification of medications does the nurse anticipate? Corticosteroids Antipsychotics Adrenergic blockers Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines

Which of the following would be the priority when providing care to a client with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Assisting the client in working through the trauma Teaching the client appropriate methods for coping Establishing a trusting nurse-client relationship Helping the client address the trauma experienced

Establishing a trusting nurse-client relationship

Years ago a client was informed that he had pre-hypertension. He admits that he has not had his blood pressure monitored for more than 3 years. Currently, the nurse assesses his blood pressure to be 178/104. Which body system may display a cellular adaptation to this condition? Cardiovascular Pulmonary Neurological Musculoskeletal

Cardiovascular

A nurse assesses that a patient is at increased risk for depression based on which of the following? Supportive family Male gender Sporadic alcohol ingestion Co-existing medical problems

Co-existing medical problems

A nurse is working with a family that is under stress. Which trait would the nurse emphasize in the plan of care as being most useful to the family's coping? Individual talents Communication skills Emotional strengths Cognitive abilities

Communication skills

Which of the following interventions should a nurse recommend for fostering effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness? Periodic checkup Balanced diet Nonprescribed sedative drug Daily exercise

Daily exercise

As a nurse practitioner is completing a Papanicolaou screening test, she notices an irregular, black mole with dried blood on the client's inner thigh. Upon questioning, the client says it is nothing and downplays the need for further medical care. The nurse realizes the client is displaying which maladaptive response? Distancing Denial Projection Impatience

Denial

Which of the following conditions triggers the general adaptation syndrome? Distress Placebo effect Helplessness Eustress

Distress

Impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson's disease is correlated with which neurotransmitter? Serotonin Dopamine Acetylcholine Glutamate

Dopamine

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse is most correct to correlate the client's uncontrolled tremors as a physical characteristic of a lack of which neurotransmitter? Serotonin Norepinephrine Acetylcholine Dopamine

Dopamine

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following would be the priority? Assisting the patient to work through the traumatic experience Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship Administering prescribed drug therapy Teaching coping skills for self-care

Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship

The nurse is conducting a community education program on stress. The nurse includes which information? Excessive stress response increases susceptibility to illness. Short-term stress increases susceptibility to disease. Effective stress adaptation is a disease precursor. Stressors elicit a state of homeostasis.

Excessive stress response increases susceptibility to illness.

Which term best describes a steady state within the body? Adaptation Stress Homeostasis Constancy

Homeostasis

A patient has a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL. What should the nurse be alert to assess for? Hypoxia Hyperemia Hypoglycemia Hypertension

Hypoxia

When approaching health care holistically, which of the following would the nurse do? Emphasize the client's strengths with passive participation Include physical, emotional, and social elements Focus on complementary and alternative practices Foster the use of technological advances in care

Include physical, emotional, and social elements

After educating a class about depression, the instructor determines that additional class time is needed for teaching when the class identifies which of the following as an indicator of depression? Sleep disturbances Feelings of worthlessness Increased thoughts about death Increased concentration

Increased concentration

Which condition is a sympathetic-adrenal medullary response to stress? Decreased blood glucose level Increased heart rate Constricted pupils Mental confusion

Increased heart rate

Which condition is a sympathetic-adrenal medullary response to stress? Mental confusion Increased heart rate Decreased blood glucose level Constricted pupils

Increased heart rate

The nurse is caring for a patient with a fever. Care for this patient should be based on what body responses? (Select all that apply.) Diaphoresis, which is a compensatory mechanism that cools the body Vasodilation of surface blood vessels, which prevents excessive heat loss Increased nutrient catabolism, which influences the body's caloric needs Decrease in cellular metabolism, which decreases metabolic demand Increased heart rate, which helps to meet increased metabolic demands

Increased heart rate, which helps to meet increased metabolic demands Increased nutrient catabolism, which influences the body's caloric needs Diaphoresis, which is a compensatory mechanism that cools the body

When assessing a family, the nurse gathers data about who assumes the primary responsibility for decision making and finances. The nurse is assessing which family function? Communication Boundary setting Education Socialization Management

Management

Which of the following patients would the nurse identify as LEAST likely to be experiencing loss? Patient who is abusing substances Patient whose spouse just recently died from a chronic illness Patient with diabetes who had his foot amputated Patient who was just told that he has lung cancer

Patient who is abusing substances

Which of the following interventions implies techniques that use the mind and body to alter disease? Psychobiologic intervention Stress management Coping mechanisms Complementary therapy

Psychobiologic intervention

Which of the following would least suggest emotional health? Pursuit of personal goals Realistic sense of hopelessness Management of every day challenges Acceptance of reality

Realistic sense of hopelessness

During a family assessment, the mother states, "When I was a child, we always had a special dinner on Christmas Eve, that my mother had when she was a child. Now our family follows the same tradition." The nurse interprets this statement as indicating which family function? Socialization Boundary setting Management Education

Socialization

During an interview, a patient states, "I don't know why God is punishing me like this." The nurse would most likely identify which nursing diagnosis as a priority? Spiritual distress Anxiety Readiness for enhanced coping Ineffective coping

Spiritual distress

The nurse is interviewing a patient with shortness of breath. The patient reveals that she is in the process of getting a divorce. What does this information alert the nurse to do? Request that the physician recommend counseling services. Teach the patient specific breathing exercises that can be used to manage symptoms. Try to determine whether there is a psychological basis for the patient's physical symptoms. Restrict family members from visiting, because their presence may aggravate the patient's symptoms.

Try to determine whether there is a psychological basis for the patient's physical symptoms.

The patient wants to be prescribed an anti-infective drug for the flu. The nurse understands that anti-infective medications would not be useful against which biologic agents? Bacteria Fungi Mycoplasmas Viruses

Viruses

During assessment, a client states, "I don't know why God is punishing me like this." What coping strategy will the nurse offer the client? assistance with a warm shower a discussion of current events offering to watch television with the client a telephone call to a spiritual leader

a telephone call to a spiritual leader

A nurse correctly instructs a client with peripheral vascular disease that stress-reduction techniques: haven't proven useful in clients with peripheral vascular disease. are helpful because stress stimulates the release of vasoconstricting catecholamines. are helpful because they distract the client from focusing on claudication pain. are helpful only because they assist in smoking cessation.

are helpful because stress stimulates the release of vasoconstricting catecholamines.

A client who is going to have surgery is slightly nervous. What nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to perform? progressive muscle relaxation distraction guided imagery provide education

provide education

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a nonspecific physiologic response to a stressor. Which stage is not a part of the process? exhaustion stage stress awareness stage alarm stage resistance stage

stress awareness stage

The nurse is using progressive muscle relaxation with a client to reduce stress. What will the nurse teach the client to do? use a weight and lift in sessions of 10 movements tense and relax specific muscles repeat a word or phrase while bending at the waist imagine a pleasant scene

tense and relax specific muscles