Module 12 (Lecture 22)
How do most steroids differ from one another? -They differ in their solubility. -All the steroids are linear; however, some have ring-structured functional groups. -They differ in the functional groups attached to their backbone structure. -They differ in their basic backbone structure.
They differ in the functional groups attached to their backbone structure.
What is a function of catecholamines? -To increase alertness and prepare the body for physical activity -To decrease alertness and induce sleep -To slow the heart rate, decrease blood pressure, and raise metabolic rate
To increase alertness and prepare the body for physical activity
The adrenal cortex is composed of how many layers of tissue which differ in their histology and hormone output? -3 -2 -5 -4
3
Which adrenal cortical hormone helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume? -Testosterone -Aldosterone -Cortisol -Dehydroepiandrosteone
Aldosterone
Which hormone is produced by the heart? -Anti-diuretic hormone -Aldosterone -Atrial natriuretic peptide -Angiotensin
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Which hormone is produced by the small intestine and stimulates the gallbladder to release bile? -Ghrelin -PPY -CCK -Renin
CCK
The kidneys produce which two hormones? -Aldosterone -Calcitriol -Erythropoietin -Leptin
Calcitriol Erythropoietin
Skin exposure to UV radiation produces which hormone within keratinocytes? -Cholecalciferol -Hepcidin -EPO -Calcidiol
Cholecalciferol
Enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine produce which hormone in response to fat in the chyme arriving from the stomach? -Gastrin -Cholecystokinin -Lipase -Insulin
Cholecystokinin
______ is a potent glucocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the release of fatty acids into the blood. -Aldosterone -Insulin -Cortisol
Cortisol
Which hormones are classified as steroid hormones? -Thyroid hormone -Cortisol -Testosterone -Oxytocin -Epinephrine
Cortisol and Testosterone
What is the main adrenal estrogen? -Aldosterone -Cortisol -Estradiol -Dehydroepiandrosterone
Estradiol
When they secrete eggs and sperm, the gonads are considered what type of glands? -Sudoriferous -Endocrine -Holocrine -Exocrine
Exocrine
True or false: The inner core of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal cortex.
False
Which are monoamines? -Glucagon -Norepinephrine -Insulin -Dopamine
Norepinephrine and dopamine
Which bone hormone increases the pancreatic output of insulin? -Calcitonin -Glucagon -Osteocalcin -Somatostatin
Osteocalcin
Which secrete steroid hormones? -Ovary -Adrenal medulla -Testes -Liver -Adrenal cortex
Ovary, Testes, Adrenal cortex
Estrogen from what organ inhibits the mammary glands from responding to prolactin until birth? -Placenta -Uterus -Ovary
Placenta
In the ovary, the corpus luteum produces which hormone? -Progesterone -Luteinizing hormone -Estrogen -Testosterone
Progesterone
Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to retain ______. potassium chloride sodium
Sodium
What is the thin layer of the adrenal cortex just beneath the capsule that produces mineralocorticoids? -Zona fasciculata -Zona glomerulosa -Zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa
The adrenal medulla releases the neurotransmitter
catecholamines
The hormone secreted from alpha cells of the pancreas in response to decreased blood glucose is ____.
glucagon
The ______ are the only sites of steroid hormone synthesis. -gonads and pancreas -adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex -gonads and adrenal cortex -pancreas and stomach
gonads and adrenal cortex
During and immediately following a carbohydrate rich meal, the beta cells of the pancreas secrete the hormone ____.
insulin
Adipose tissue secretes the hormone ______, which has effects on the appetite center of the hypothalamus. -gastrin -cortisol -leptin -ghrelin
leptin
The two layers of the adrenal gland that secrete glucocorticoids and androgens are the zona ______ and the zona fasciculata
reticularis
Weak adrenal cortical androgens which possess little biological activity are converted to the much more potent androgen called ______. -cortisol -insulin -testosterone
testosterone
Which hormone inhibits stimulation of the pancreas by the vagus nerve? -Glucagon -Pancreatic polypeptide -Somatostatin -Insulin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Which hormone regulates the rate of sperm production by limiting FSH secretion? -Progesterone -Inhibin -Estrogen -LH
Inhibin
Which hormone suppresses FSH secretion by negative feedback? -Progesterone -Testosterone -Luteinizing hormone -Inhibin
Inhibin
Which hormones are secreted by the ovary? -Inhibin -Follicle stimulating hormone -Growth hormone -Progesterone -Estradiol
Inhibin, Progesterone, Estradiol
Which hormone is synthesized as a prohormone? -Estrogen -Insulin -Testosterone -Thyroid hormone
Insulin
Which are peptide hormones? -Aldosterone -Calcitriol -Insulin -Oxytocin
Insulin and Oxytocin
Which cells secrete testosterone? -Delta cells -Sustentacular cells -Alpha cells -Interstitial cells
Interstitial cells
Where is the protein angiotensinogen, the precursor protein of the active hormone angiotensin II, produced? -Kidney -Heart -Skin -Liver
Liver
