Module 22 - Metabolism (10/5/2014)

__________ organisms produce their own food by converting light energy into chemical energy

photosynthetic

has the potential to be released and do work

potential energy

In glycolysis, carbohydrates are broken down into smaller organic molecules called ______

pyruvate

when the product has lower free energy it is a ___________ (spontaneous/non-spontaneous reaction)

spontaneous

this reaction can occur without adding energy from the environment or without enzymes

spontaneous reaction

cells can use the energy released in what type of reactions... examples?

synthesizing biological molecules, sending, receiving and responding to signals

the total amount of energy is constant. which fundamental law of thermodynamics states this?

the 1st law of thermodynamics

the amount of disorder in the system is ever increasing . which fundamental law of thermodynamics states this?

the 2nd law of thermodynamics

This fundamental law of thermodynamics state that energy is conserved: it can be transformed from one form to another and can be transferred from one object to another. It can't be created or destroyed so energy in universe is constant.

the first law of thermodynamics

This fundamental law of thermodynamics suggests that every time energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy will always be released as heat

the second law of thermodynamics

use energy to build more complex organic molecules from simpler ones, thus storing the energy in chemical form

anabolic reactions

Metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones , releasing some potential energy in the process

catabolic reaction

_________can lower activation energy of a reaction

catalysts

energy that can be released in a chemical energy is what type of energy?

chemical energy

the bonds between the atoms of a molecule also contain potential energy that can be released if the bonds are broken in a ____________.

chemical reaction

the energy released during exergonic reactions is used to drive energetically costly endergonic reactions

coupled reactions

if the reactants have a lower free energy than it is also known as a ______ reaction. This reaction requires a net input of energy into the system.

endergonic reaction

the capacity to do work

energy

the disorder of the universe or system

entropy

catalysts are known as ______ and are almost always proteins

enzymes

if the products have lower free energy than it is also known as a __________ reaction. This reaction releases energy from the system.

exergonic reaction

Humans and other animals take in chemical energy in the for of ____________.

food

______ is an example of a a major catabolic pathway

glycolysis

the amount of work required to accelerate an object to a particular velocity

kinetic energy

One strand in this network along which a molecule is converted to another through a series of defined steps

metabolic pathway

The sum of all chemical reactions that transform energy and matter within a living organism

metabolism

this reaction will not progress without an input of energy from the environment

non-spontaneous reaction

when the reactant has lower free energy it is a _______ (spontaneous/non-spontaneous reaction)

non-spontaneous reaction

What does ΔG of a metabolic reaction measure? A) the net change in free energy during a reaction B)the amount of heat energy gained or lost in a reaction C)the amount of matter transferred in a reaction D)the change in activation energy required in a reaction due to enzyme activity E)the activation energy of a reaction

A

which is an anabolic process? a) protein synthesis b) glycolysis c) ATP hydrolysis d) protein hydration

A) protein synthesis

What is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism called? a) catabolism b) metabolism c) synthesis d) exergonic e) catalysis

B) metabolism

which of the following does a catalyst change during a chemical reaction? a) free energy of products b) heat c) entropy d) activation energy e) free energy of the reactants

D) activation energy

How does the first law of thermodynamics apply to metabolic reactions? A-Energy is created by catabolic reactions. B-Catalysts are required for metabolic reactions. C-Energy is destroyed in synthesis reactions. D-Enzymes are required for metabolic reactions. E-Endergonic reactions must be paired with exergonic reactions.

E

Which definition best describes a cell's metabolism? A) the chemical reactions that break down glucose for energy B)the use of ATP as an energy carrier C) the energy level that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to move forward D) the burning of fat molecules for energy E) the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism

E

the difference of free energy represents?

a release of energy harnessed to do work

the energy required to initiate the chemical reaction

activation energy