Module 4 practice questions

Patient with AAA will report what kind of sensations in their abdomen? A. Pulsating B. Pain C. Full D. Distended

A

What is the name of the kind of pain from pericarditis and is a classic symptom? A. Pericardial friction rub B. Shortness of breath C. Fever D. Splinter hemorrhage

A

Which valve disease is the most common due to more wear and tear? A. Aortic stenosis B. Mitral stenosis C. Mitral regurgitation D. Aortic regurgitation

A

When a client with a prosthetic heart valve asks the nurse why it is important to take antibiotics before a dental procedure, which response by the nurse is accurate? A. "The antibiotic is taken to prevent infection around your artificial heart valve" B. "Valvular heart disease increases the risk for dental caries and gum disease" C. "All clients with murmurs need prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures" D. "You only need to take the antibiotic if you a fever before your dental procedure"

A An antibiotic is taken prophylactically to prevent infection of the heart if bacteria from the mouth enter the bloodstream. The risk for valvular heart disease (endocarditis) after invasive dental procedures is increased in clients with artificial heart valves, but the risk for dental infections such as caries or inflammatory gum disease is not increased by artificial heart valves. Current recommendations are that clients with artificial heart valves, a history of endocarditis, or uncorrected congenital heart disease should receive prophylactic antibiotics, but most clients with murmurs do not need antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive procedures. The prophylactic antibiotics should be taken as prescribed before the dental procedure to prevent endocarditis. If the client experiences fever, it should be reported to the dentist and health care provider and may require further evaluation and treatment.

A client had a bypass graft because of an abdominal aortic aneurysms. Post operative prescriptions include measurements of the clients abdominal girth. Which serious problem may be indicated by an increasing abdominal girth? A. Graft leakage B. Bowel puncture C. Abdominal infection D. Postoperative flatulence

A During the first 24 hours after surgery, a sudden increase in abdominal girth most likely is graft related and needs to be investigated. Bowel puncture is a remote possibility but will present with classic signs like board like abdomen and abdominal pain rather than increasing abdominal girth. It is too early for an infection to manifest signs and symptoms. It is too early for postoperative flatulence to occur

Name the 3 classic S/S of cardiac tamponade. A. Decreased Bp B. Muffled heart tones C. Tachycardia D. JVD

ABD

What medications are used to treat aortic stenosis? SATA A. Digoxin B. Lasix C. Dopamine D. Nitroglycerin

ABD

Infections in the heart commonly affect what valves? SATA A. Tricuspid B. Pulmonary C. Mitral D. Aortic

AC

AAA risk factors include SATA A. Smoking B. Women C. Atherosclerosis D. HTN

ACD

Key findings with Endocarditis SATA A. Fever B. Friction rub C. Tachycardia D. Chest pain

ACD

Which clinical manifestations should a nurse look for in a patient with infective endocarditis (IE)? Select all that apply. A. Petechiae B . Exercise intolerance C. Weight gain D. Janeway lesions E. Osler's nodes

ADE Fatigue is seen in IE but not activity intolerance, and weight loss is seen.

A client comes in presenting with abdominal pain radiating into the block which is a sign of

Abdominal aneurysm rupture

The nurse suspects pericarditis in a patient who reports chest pain. Which type of sound is heard on auscultation? A. Click B. Friction rub C. Gallop D. Turbulent flow

B

What assessment finding would be expected from veggitation that broke lose from the tricuspid valve? A. Facial drooping B. SOB C. Tachycardia D. Aphagia

B

What is a treatment that is specific for valve stenosis? A. Valve repair B. Valvuloplasty C. Valve replacement D. Valve scan

B

What symptom would the nurse suspect a patient with an aneurysm is dissecting? A. Sudden SOB B. Sudden back pain C. Sudden leg pain D. Sudden vomiting

B

A client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is suddenly pale and reports feeling light headed and having abdominal pain. Which action would the nurse take first? A. Assess the respiratory rate for hyperventilation B. Check the blood pressure for hypotension C. Administer the prescribed morphine for pain D. Inspect the abdomen for distention and firmness

B The history of abdominal aortic aneurysm, with new symptoms of pallor, lightheadedness, and abdominal pain, suggests bleeding or dissection of the aneurysm. The nurse would first check blood pressure and report hypotension immediately to the healthcare provider, anticipating the need to give intravenous fluids and prepare the client for emergency surgery. The other actions are appropriate after the nurse has obtained the blood pressure. Hyperventilation may cause lightheadedness. Treatment of pain is appropriate if the blood pressure is stable, but morphine would further lower blood pressure if the client is hypotensive. Inspection of the abdomen would help confirm a diagnosis of bleeding or dissection but would not be first action.

What complication does aortic valve disease cause? A. Visual disturbances B. Decreased SVR C. Decreased coronary perfusion D. Abdominal distention

C

Which client in the vascular clinic would the nurse assess first? A. 40 year old with 30 pack- year cigarette history who reports tingling in both feet B. 42 year old who takes antihypertensive medication and report bilateral 4+ ankle swelling C. 65 year old who reports tearing abdominal pain and has a history of uncontrolled hypertension D. 70 year old with peripheral arterial disease who reports severe lower leg burning and numbness

C The 65 year olds risk factors of age and uncontrolled hypertension and the report of tearing pain indicate possible dissecting aortic aneurysm, which would need rapid diagnosis and treatment. The others are not urgent interventions

The nurse assesses the client and finds BP 85/40 (55), jugular vein distention, and muffled heart tones which indicate?

Cardiac tamponade

Which diagnostic test is usually used to confirm the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE)? A. Exercise stress test B. Coronary angiogram C. Lipid profiles D. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

D identifies the presence of vegetation

While auscultating a patient's heart sounds, the nurse hears turbulent flow type sounds. Which is the most likely cause of this sound? A. Closure of the AV valves B. Closure of the semilunar valves C. Mitral valve stenosis D. Murmur

D -Closure of the AV valves creates the S1 heart sound and represents ventricular systole. Closure of the semilunar valves creates the S2 heart sound and signifies the beginning of diastole. A high pitched click heard during early diastole is the sound of a mitral valve stenosis. A murmur is a turbulent flow sound from the regurgitation of blood through an incompetent valve

The treatment for AAAs that are 6cm is to watch and wait True or False

False

Order the pathophysiology of mitral vavle stenosis that leads to heart failure

Obstructed blood flow, dilated left atrium, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure

Name 2 clinical presentations of pericarditis

Pleuritic chest pain and pericardial friction rub

Order of valves in order that blood flows through them

Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic

Abdominal aneurysms are mostly painless True or False

True

An echocardiogram will show veggiation on heart valves True or False

True

Mitral valve stenosis cause right sided heart failure True or False.

True

The nurse assesses the client has pale extremities, crackles, shortness of breath, a murmur, and edema which indicate?

Valvular disease

Layers of the heart from inside to outside

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium

Name the 2 atrioventricular valves

mitral and tricuspid valves