Module 4- stress, health, and coping

Having a sense of control over a stressful situation reduces the impact of stressors and decreases the level of anxiety. In fact when an individual can control a stressful event, they may experience ____ _____________ at all. This is called?

No stress Personal control

Use external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events

Optimistic people

Two people may respond very differently to the same stress producing of it because they must take what into account?

Perception

Use internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events

Pessimistic people

Efforts to rationally analyze the situation, identify potential solutions, and then implement the best solution possible

Planful coping

Try to minimize the negative aspects of the situation and focus on the positive this is an opportunity for personal growth.

Positively reappraisal

What is the number one social condition that causes the most stress?

Poverty

Try to manage or change the threatening or harm or stressor.

Problem focused coping

The scientific study of the interconnections among psychological processes, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system

Psychoneuroimmunology

The body actively tries to resist or adjust to the continuing stress. The intense arousal begins to diminish. Physiological arousal remains above normal. Resistance to new stressors is impaired.

Resistance stage

Most the time, when we say that we are stressed out, we are not talking about a major life event. We are talking about every day type of activities. Who thought about this?

Richard Lazarus

Refers to the resources provided by other people

Social factors that affect stress

Includes 43 major life events that require some level of adaptation.

Social readjustment rating scale

Poor seek treatment only in emergencies. Middle/upper class have a regular physician

Socio economic class

And negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a persons resources or ability to cope

Stress

If we think that we can't cope

Stress

What depresses the immune system?

Stress

Any factor or event that produces stress such as any major change that takes place in our life even if it is a good thing

Stressor

What is a disadvantage of the social readjustment rating scale

The SRRS does not take into account the person's perception of the event also with more recent research, most scientists agree that undesirable events are significant sources of stress. However, change in itself is not necessarily stressful

Some people take comfort in this role. Kids milk it for all it's worth they act like they are sick when I want to stay home from school. The sick person get sympathy, attention, and concern. Also, very little as expected out of a sick person

The sick role

The reason that daily hassles take on such a tall is they accumulate day after day the effect is additive. People begin to feel?

Tired, grumpy, stressed out

Any change that requires you to adjust your behavior and lifestyle will cause stress. True or false?

True

Benefits for being married are much greater for women because they have very small social networks, if spouse dies, they can easily experience social isolation. True or false?

True

Even brief exposure to a psychological stressor, such as performing a frustrating task for 30 minutes or less contemporarily altering your responses. True or false?

True

Explanatory style is Rela stated to your level of health. The more optimistic, the more healthy. True or false?

True

Having your favorite Pat present is more effective in the presence of another significant person because the pet is nonjudgmental, nonevaluative, and unconditionally supportive

True

Hi hostility levels increase the likelihood of dying from all natural causes. Hostile people tend to create their own stress. True or false?

True

Hostile people are more mistrustful, suspicious, cynical and pessimistic. True or false?

True

Men rely heavily upon their relationships with their spouse and tend to ignore other social relationships. True or false?

True

Men usually will only react when the negative wife of it occurs to their immediate family such as wife and children. True or false?

True

Negative interactions with people create more psychological distress than positive interactions are at improving your well-being. Such as when parents, friends try to provide in adequate or inappropriate types of support. True or false?

True

People who are habitually anxious, depressed, angry, or hostile are more likely to develop a chronic disease such as arthritis, heart disease, diabetes. Think about this, these people experience more stress, they report more daily hassles, they react more intensely there for their immune system is suppressed. True or false?

True

People who are impoverished are exposed to more daily hassles and have less resources to cope with these hassles. True or false?

True

People who live in the lower socioeconomic levels of society have the highest levels of psychological distress/mental illness, physical illness, and death. True or false?

True

Stress contributes to a huge range of mental and physical disorders especially, when the stress is chronic. True or false?

True

Stress reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and its ability to fight off viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders. True or false?

True

The higher the levels of psychological stress, the higher the rate of respiratory infections and colds. True or false?

True

When adult men have heart attacks upon their return home, their wife will play the role as a caregiver. True or false?

True

When adult women have heart attacks upon their return home, they fall back into the pattern of caregiving for their husbands/families. True or false?

True

When coping is affective, we adapt to the situation and stress is reduced. True or false question

True

When you do have personal control over a situation, you will see increases in self-confidence, feelings of self efficiency, autonomy, and self-reliance. True or false?

True

Women are more likely to suffer from stress contagion effect, Women become upset about negative life events that occur to other people. True or false?

True

Women experience more daily hassles and levels of psychological stress than men. True or false?

True

Women have larger social networks. True or false?

True

Women still have very close intimate friendships. True or false?

True

Women use medical services more than men. True or false?

True

Who is one of the earliest contributors to a stress research?

Walter cannon

Intense arousal occurs as the body mobilizes office Sicle resources to meet the demands of the stress. Fight or flight response

Alarm stage

- represents a win-win situation -your face with a choice between two equally desirable outcomes -usually easy to resolve -do not produce too much stress Ex: should I vacation in Paris or Hawaii?

Approach - approach

Out of the three types of stress what causes the least stress?

Approach - approach

Out of the three types of stress which causes the most stress?

Approach - avoidance

-The goal has both desirable and undesirable aspects Ex: should I go to Disney World and drain my bank account

Approach- avoidance

-choosing between two undesirable outcomes -A common response here is to void both outcomes by delaying the decision Ex: should I study for the test or fail the test

Avoidance - avoidance

The immune system to text and battles foreign invaders such as?

Bacteria, viruses and tumor cells

The believe that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Biopsychosocial model

The immune system is made up of

Bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, and lymph nodes

The immune system And the _______ are directly linked

CNS

Number one factor that causes the most stress

Change

Ongoing stress

Chronic stress

When people live in an environment that is inherently stressful, they will experience ______________ ____________

Chronic stress

Feeling pulled between two or more opposing desires, motives, or goals

Conflict

When you are assertive and aggressive

Confrontive coping

The ways we try to change circumstances or interpretations of circumstances to make them less threatening

Coping

What is a dynamic, ongoing process

Coping

Social conditions that cause stress

Crowding, crime, unemployment, pollution, poverty, racism, in adequate healthcare, substandard housing

Every day minor events that annoying upset people.

Daily hassle

-three test on the same day - fighting with significant other -oversleeping and missing class or work -car trouble - Bad weather -losing someone These are examples of?

Daily hassles

Stress can __________ affect health by altering bodily functions, leading to symptoms, illness, or disease -Head and neck muscles tighten, results and headaches

Directly

When you try to minimize or illuminate emotional impact of a stressor. You must do this in certain occupations such a psychologist, police, medical personnel.

Distancing

Try to relieve or regulate the emotional impact of the stressor such as seeking social support

Emotion focused coping

Bodies energy reserves become depleted. Adaptation process breaks down, leading to exhaustion. Outcome means physical illness and potentially death.

Exhaustion stage

Men are more sensitive to bodily changes. True or false?

False Women are more sensitive to bodily changes

Men detect symptoms more readily than men. True or false?

False Women detect symptoms more readily than men

Optimistic people experience higher levels of stress. True or false?

False Pessimistic people experience higher levels of stress

Men are more likely to service providers of support which is a very stressful role. True or false?

False Women are more likely to serve as providers of support

Women report their hassles are

Family demands and interpersonal conflict

Any immediate threat to your well-being triggers a cascade of changes in your body called The?

Fight or flight response

Men report that their daily hassles are

Financial and job-related

When exposed to prolonged, chronic stress 1. Adrenal glands enlarge 2. Stomach ulcers and loss of weight occur 3. Shrinkage of the thymus gland and lymph glands (these are two key structures of immune system)

General adaptation syndrome

Your physical health is affected by several factors including stress level

Genetic make up, nutrition, exercise, personal habits, access to medical care

The frequency of daily hassles is linked to psychological distress and physical symptoms especially what?

Headaches and backaches

The branch of psychology that studies how psychological factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health related behaviors.

Health psychology

What studies how are psych influences our health and how stress affects our illnesses and treatments to deal with stress.

Health psychology

Residence in a nursing home make their own choices regarding their daily activities

High control High control patients were more active, alert, sociable, and healthier

The tendency to feel anger, annoyance, resentment, and content and a whole negative believes about human nature in general.

Hostility

Stress can _________________ affect health by promoting behaviors that jeopardize physical well-being -not getting enough sleep -not eating properly - use of alcohol, caffeine, cigarettes -interferes with attention span, concentration, memory and there's also increases the rate of accidents

Indirectly

If we think we can cope

Little or no stress

Residents in a nursing home, nursing staff makes all decisions

Low control High control patients were more active, alert, sociable, and healthier

Specialized white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders

Lymphocytes

Type B behavior

More relaxed and laid-back, associated with developing cancer

Three characteristics of type a behavior

1. Exaggerated sense of time urgency -trying to do more and more and less and less time 2. General sense of hostility-frequently displaying anger and irritation 3. Intense ambition and competitiveness-twice as likely to develop heart disease due to hostility

Close relationships play a huge role in our ability to cope with stress

-Group therapy session -spouses -Close personal friends - Church

What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

1. Alarm stage 2. Resistant stage 3. Exhaustion stage

Three basic types of conflict

1. Approach - approach 2. Avoidance - avoidance 3. Approach - avoidance

How to minimize the physical effects of stress

1. Exercise regularly especially aerobic exercise 2. Avoid or minimize the use of stimulants stimulants like caffeine and nicotine increase stress 3. Regularly practice and relaxation taken

Two types of coping

1. Problem focused coping 2. Emotion focus coach

Each life of it is assigned a numerical rating ____- most stressful ____- least stressful

100 11 If you have a score of 150+ you have an increased rate of physical or psychological illness.

People who experience chronic stressors that lasted more than a month or more than _______ likely to develop cold and people who do not face chronic stress, unemployment, problems at work, interpersonal conflict or some chronic stressors that are associated with increased susceptibility to disease

2x

People who have no one to talk to you about their health are ____ Times more likely to die

3

____% patient spell to follow doctor's instructions

75%