Module 4 Test

If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for an 100-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s).

10

The visually perceived distance between ourselves and an object provides an important cue for our perception of the object's:

size

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of:

size constancy.

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of:

smell

The perception of an object as being distinct from its surroundings is called

figure-ground perception

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the:

fovea

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by:

frequency theory

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by:

hair cells

Of two identical horizontal bars in the Ponzo illusion, the bar that is _______ in the visual field appears to be _____ because it appears to be farther away.

higher; longer

Soothing musical audiotapes accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate:

subliminal stimulation

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion, but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors, but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for:

parallel processing

To make meaning out of incoming sensory data we must organize, filter, and interpret sensory information in a process called:

perception

The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by:

perceptual adaptation

Perceptual adaptation refers to the:

perceptual adjustment to an artificially displaced visual field.

An intelligent robot still has difficulty recognizing a door as the same object, whether it is slightly cracked or fully open. Which of the following principles of human perception would most help it to recognize that a door is the same object, no matter what position it is in?

perceptual constancy.

After reading her horoscope in the morning newspaper, Sabrina readily interpreted numerous experiences of that day as clear verifications of its accuracy. This best illustrates the dangers of:

perceptual set

Accommodation refers to the

process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the:

pupil

Bipolar cells are located in the:

retina

The cocktail party effect provides an example of:

selective attention.

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

semicircular canals

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called:

sensation

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of:

sensory interaction

Which of the following activities most clearly takes place in the rods and cones?

sensory transduction

Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of:

shape constancy.

The impact of boredom and fatigue on people's absolute thresholds is highlighted by:

signal detection theory

Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of:

similarity

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as:

the color red and the shortest waves as blue-violet

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates:

the phi phenomenon

The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on:

the vestibular sense

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to:

the vestibular sense

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of:

transduction

A gestalt is best described as a(n):

organized whole

Because Wadzita, Alex, and Cho were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Mitzi perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the organizational principle of:

Proximity

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates:

Weber's Law

Accommodation refers to the

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate: process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:

a placebo effect

Shape constancy refers to our perception of an object as unchanging in shape regardless of changes in the:

angle from which we view the object

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's:

audition

Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates:

blindsight

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the:

cochlea

The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear.

cochlea

Schemas are best described as:

concepts that organize sensory input.

The tendency to see all the individual spokes in a bicycle wheel as part of a larger single unit best illustrates the principle of:

connectedness

When Rick learned that many students had received a failing grade on the midterm exam, he was no longer disappointed by his C grade. His experience best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

interposition

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the:

iris

With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of:

kinesthesis

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as:

linear perspective.

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in:

nerve deafness