Module 5 Quiz

In Chapter 18 there is an interesting debate about membership within gangs, and just being an "associate". According to Vigil (2002) In L.A. 4 to 14 percent of barrio youths joined gangs. According to Klein (1968) only 6 percent of L.A. Youths 10-17 years old were affiliated with gangs. Duran's data of over 5 years showed a interesting difference. What was the number quoted in your chapter for associates versus actual gang members who had been "jumped in"?!

80/20

The "broken-window theory" cited in Duran's study refers to:

A focus of law enforcement efforts on minor offenses to prevent social and physical disorder and thus reduce the level of overall crime

According to Liederbach, government intrusion via Medicaid into the status quo of the medical profession gave rise to:

An aggressively defiant attitude among doctors resulting in a redefinition of Medicaid fraud and crime as a positive act

Athlete's inability or want to discuss the topic of lesbianism within athletics, or to use terms like "it" rather than being more descriptive can be connected to which of the terms coined by Goffman (1963) within his work around Stigma and Labels?

Courtesy Stigma

Duran states that people living in neighborhoods high in alleged gang membership are often suspected of being gang members because gang membership is "contagious" in these high-density areas. What is the theory called that this idea comes from?

Ecological contamination

Sports are particularly not very susceptible to the problematic labeling of "lesbianism" as in other areas of the society since strength, and masculinity are highly connected to women who are viewed as lesbians, so it is embraced and respected.

False

Medical Professionals have various ways to be "deviants" as talked about within Chapter 22. Medical "Kickbacks" are defined as payments from one party to another in exchange for referred business or other income-producing deals. There are two primary types of medical "kicks-backs" please indicate below which of the examples are correct.

Fee Splitting and Self-Referrals

___________ is seen as a means for both discouraging homosexuality and maintaining a patriarchal and heterosexual gender order.

Homophobia

Liederbach suggests that although Medicaid's challenge to the medical establishment extended health benefits to the nation's poor, paradoxically, it also did which of the following?

It created new opportunities and motivations for physicians to commit medical offenses.

According to Liederbach, doctors opposed the initial Medicaid legislation because:

It posed a threat to autonomy by dictating the price of their services

According to Griffin (1987) applying what "label" to women is a way to discredit women who violate gender norms?

Labeling them a Lesbian

The OxyContin: Time Bomb video largely focuses on the Purdue pharmaceutical company that has made billions of dollars on its OxyContin pain relief drug prescriptions. The company was found to be engaged in deliberately deceptive practices. What type of social organization of deviance does the Purdue company fit into?

Legitimate, noncriminal organization that engaged in deviance

According to Duran, all of the following are important facets of legitimated suppression EXCEPT:

Polite, yet firm encounters

Modification of athletes' behavior, even to the point of denying critical aspects of self, was deemed necessary for protection from the negativism attached to the lesbian label. The Disguising of athletic identity exemplifies what theory by Kitzinger (1987:92) which is called?

Role inversion

The annual cost of fraud and abuse associated with the government-sponsored Medicare program alone has been estimated to be $60 billion to $90 billion, including $48 billion in improper payments to doctors. This enormous cost of medical crime and deviance has been defined as a form of ___________ perpetrated by medical professionals, a reference usually reserved for the most heinous street criminals (Watkin, Friedman, and Dora, 1992).

White-Collar wilding