Module 50

conditioning

A learning theory would be most likely to emphasize the role of ________ in the onset of anxiety disorders.

learning

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective.

social anxiety disorder.

Brianna is a 20-year-old who lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a:

generalized anxiety disorder.

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n):

amygdala

Humans learn to fear situations and objects through the process of association. The ____________ plays an important role in associating various emotions with certain situations.

agoraphobia.

If you avoid situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, you may be suffering from:

worries about germs, dirt, or other forms of contamination

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ are among is the most common obsessions.

washing and counting.

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most common compulsion is:

25

In one study (Seal et al., 2007) of 103,788 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, _____ percent were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, in which the most frequent diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder.

This behavior is not indicative of a disorder. The symptoms would need to be severe and prolonged to indicate a disorder.

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But over the past two weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:

survivor resiliency

Seven months ago, Quinn witnessed the gruesome murder of a close friend. Although many people expected him to suffer from this, he instead recovered quickly and demonstrated no symptoms of a psychological disorder. Quinn's response is demonstrating:

limbic system

Some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ________, which floods the body with stress hormones.

PTSD.

Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been over diagnosing:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with:

the late teens and twenties.

The onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder occurs around:

obsessions; compulsions

Uncontrollable thoughts and worries are to _____ as uncontrollable behaviors are to _____.

compulsion.

When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n):

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

phobia

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

panic disorder

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety