Module 6

Where is the decon corridor located where patients, personnel, and equipment are decontaminated? Answers: A. Warm zone B. Cool zone C. Hot zone D. Cold zone

A. Warm zone

What is the temporary organ of pregnancy, which functions to supply the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients? Answers: A. Placenta B. Cervix C. Uterus D. Amnion

A. Placenta

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in children? Answers: A. Trauma B. Poisonings C. Environmental emergencies D. Infectious disease

A. Trauma

You have been called to a local daycare for a sick child. On scene, panicked daycare workers inform you that the 4-year-old child was lethargic all morning and wanted to sleep. After resting for several minutes, she began to "shake all over." This lasted for approximately 30 seconds. Your assessment reveals her to be responsive to painful stimuli and breathing adequately. Her airway is open and her radial pulse is strong and bounding. Her skin is hot and moist to the touch with no signs of cyanosis noted. You are told that she has no medical history. En route to the hospital, the patient's mental status improves. Based on this presentation and information, you assume that the seizure occurred secondary to: Answers: A. altered mental status. B. hypoglycemia. C. hypoxia. D. fever.

. fever.

when do you check brachial pulse instead of radial pulse

for infants

What is the breathing rate for infant, child, and adolescent?

12-20: adolescent 15-30: child 25-50 infant

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age. Answers: A. 18, 6 B. 12, 4 C. 6, 12 D. 2, 4

A. 18, 6

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Answers: A. cyanosis. B. abnormal airway noise. C. tachypnea. D. retractions.

A. cyanosis.

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Answers: A. head bobbing. B. quiet breathing. C. fear or anxiety. D. belly breathing.

A. head bobbing.

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: Answers: A. place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. B. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. C. place bulky padding behind his or her occiput. D. hyperextend the neck to ensure adequate alignment.

A. place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders.

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: Answers: A. provide ventilations for 30 seconds. B. flick the soles of its feet. C. resuction the mouth only. D. begin chest compressions.

A. provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

Which of the following would be an appropriate statement in gaining the cooperation of a 7-year-old pediatric patient during your assessment? Answers: A. "Katie, this is my stethoscope. I can use it to hear what your breathing sounds like. Would you like to look at it for a minute?" B. "I'm sorry Nick, but you can't see Mommy and Daddy until you let me take your blood pressure." C. "Joey, this is a splint that will help your arm feel better. I promise it won't hurt when I put your arm in it." D. "Big girls don't cry, Emily. You're a big girl, aren't you?"

A. "Katie, this is my stethoscope. I can use it to hear what your breathing sounds like. Would you like to look at it for a minute?"

Which one of the following statements shows an understanding of the relationship between seizures and pregnancy? Answers: A. "Prolonged seizures can easily cause the mother and baby to become hypoxic." B. "Seizure activity in the pregnant female is typically not life-threatening unless the patient has had seizures in the past." C. "A short seizure in the pregnant female with a seizure history generally does not require transport." D. "If the pregnant patient is seizing, the EMT must quickly make a decision to administer or withhold her anti-seizure medications."

A. "Prolonged seizures can easily cause the mother and baby to become hypoxic."

The EMT shows she has a proper understanding of Braxton-Hicks contractions when she says: Answers: A. "They are often irregular and painless and should be evaluated in the hospital." B. "They can be differentiated from labor contractions by the presence of vaginal discharge." C. "They often are called false contractions and do not require hospital evaluation." D. "They are painless, but are capable of delivering the baby very quickly."

A. "They are often irregular and painless and should be evaluated in the hospital."

While attempting resuscitation on a baby with a probable case of SIDS, which of the following questions would be appropriate for the EMT to ask the mother? Answers: A. "Were there any problems with the pregnancy or his birth?" B. "Do you think that you may have rolled on him and smothered him?" C. "Why do you have it so cold in this bedroom?" D. "Why did you have the baby in bed with you and not in a crib?"

A. "Were there any problems with the pregnancy or his birth?"

Traditionally an APGAR score is taken at what time intervals after birth? Answers: A. 1 and 5 minutes B. 5 and 10 minutes C. 2 and 7 minutes D. 1 and 6 minutes

A. 1 and 5 minutes

What is an appropriate-sized landing zone for a helicopter? Answers: A. 100 feet by 100 feet B. 25 feet by 25 feet C. 50 feet by 50 feet D. 75 feet by 75 feet

A. 100 feet by 100 feet

The anterior fontanelle should be closed between the ages of ________ and ________. Answers: A. 12 months; 18 months B. 6 months; 10 months C. 3 months; 6 months D. 24 months; 36 months

A. 12 months; 18 months

The EMT should recognize a full-term pregnancy in which one of the following patients? Answers: A. 21-year-old who is 39 weeks pregnant and feeling dizzy B. 25-year-old who is 220 days into pregnancy and complaining of pain C. 40-year-old beginning her third trimester but whose water just broke D. 33-year-old pregnant with twins in the eighth month of pregnancy

A. 21-year-old who is 39 weeks pregnant and feeling dizzy

The EMT recognizes which one of the following to be a normal respiratory rate for a newborn? Answers: A. 56 breaths per minute B. 24 breaths per minute C. 16 breaths per minute D. 70 breaths per minute

A. 56 breaths per minute

When clamping the umbilical cord, the clamp closest to the baby should be approximately ________ inch(es) from the infant's body. Answers: A. 7 B. 1 C. 12 D. 3

A. 7

Your patient is an 80-year-old male complaining of lower back pain that radiates through to the abdomen. He describes the pain as "ripping" in nature. He is pale, diaphoretic, and anxious, and has a blood pressure of 210/100 mmHg, a pulse of 112 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely? Answers: A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Bowel obstruction C. Gallbladder disease D. Diverticulitis

A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Which of the following BEST describes the origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Answers: A. Acquired disease B. Congenital disease C. Either a congenital or acquired disease D. Neither a congenital nor acquired disease

A. Acquired disease

The mother of a 4-month-old boy awoke to find him in his crib and not breathing. On scene, you are providing resuscitative care while the parents watch on in disbelief. Which of the following would be most appropriate regarding their presence in the room? Answers: A. Allow them to observe the resuscitation if they wish. B. Escort them to another part of the house despite them wanting to stay. C. Ask the parents to wait in the ambulance for transport. D. Move to the ambulance for continued resuscitation enroute.

A. Allow them to observe the resuscitation if they wish.

Which of the following is true regarding the EMT's approach to the pediatric patient? Answers: A. An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old. B. It is not necessary to use. Standard Precautions when dealing with pediatric patients. C. Scene safety is not an important consideration in the care of pediatric patients. D. It is not possible to develop an initial impression of the pediatric patient without a detailed physical examination

A. An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old.

When assisting with a delivery in the field, which of the following should be done as the head begins to emerge from the vagina? Answers: A. Apply gentle pressure to the head with your gloved hand. B. Check for crowning. C. Advise the mother not to push or strain. D. Pull on the baby.

A. Apply gentle pressure to the head with your gloved hand.

To respond to a hazardous materials incident, the EMT should be trained at which of the four levels? Answers: A. Awareness B. Operations C. Specialist D. Technician

A. Awareness

Which of the following is the highest priority to the EMT in delivery of an infant with meconium-stained amniotic fluid? Answers: A. Being prepared to suction the infant immediately before he takes a breath B. Vigorously rubbing the infant's back immediately upon delivery to stimulate breathing C. Checking for fever D. None of the above

A. Being prepared to suction the infant immediately before he takes a breath

Which of the following describes the normal appearance of amniotic fluid? Answers: A. Clear and colorless fluid B. A fluid containing blood and mucus C. Thin fluid, greenish-yellow in color D. Thick fluid, greenish-black in color

A. Clear and colorless fluid

A patient gives you a story of having gone out to the movies last night, but who according to family members, has not left the house in years. This condition is called? Answers: A. Confabulation B. Depression C. Lying D. Apoplexy

A. Confabulation

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials emergency? Answers: A. Decontaminating injured victims B. Treating injured patients C. Staying in the cold zone D. Rehabilitating the hazmat team

A. Decontaminating injured victims

The medical acronym EMD stands for which of the following? Answers: A. Emergency Medical Dispatch B. Emergency Medical Doctor C. Emergency Medical Director D. Emergency Medical Driver

A. Emergency Medical Dispatch

You have arrived at the Emergency Department with a young child who you believe is the victim of child abuse. To which person would it be best to report your suspicion? Answers: A. Emergency physician B. Security guard C. Hospital administrator D. Registered nurse

A. Emergency physician

Which of the following questions is MOST helpful in distinguishing between normal age-related changes and the effects of an illness when assessing an elderly patient? Answers: A. How do you feel today compared to last week? B. When was the last time you had a bowel movement? C. How is your appetite? D. Are you taking your medications the way you are supposed to be taking them?

A. How do you feel today compared to last week?

Which of the following is meant by the "1 percent rule" of aging? Answers: A. Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30. B. About 1 percent of the population older than age 65 has significant organ function decline. C. We lose about 1 percent of our memory capacity every year beginning at age 50. D. About 1 percent of the population makes it to their 85th birthday.

A. Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30.

You are responding to a 6-year-old child with a fever and difficulty breathing. His mother reports that he was playing normally this morning but when he came in for lunch he had spiked a fever. Now, he is sitting up with his mouth open, drooling. Which of the following signs would point to epiglottitis? Answers: A. Painful swallowing B. Low grade fever C. Some hoarseness D. Loud "seal bark" cough

A. Painful swallowing

After delivery, you note some blood oozing from the mother's vaginal canal. The sanitary pads that you placed between her legs continue to become soaked. Which one of the following should you do next? Answers: A. Perform a uterine massage. B. Insert sterile gauze into the vaginal canal.T C. transport with lights and sirens. D. Place the mother on her left side.

A. Perform a uterine massage.

Assessment of a pregnant patient in labor reveals what appears to be the baby's buttocks presenting at the vaginal opening. Which one of the following should the EMT do immediately? Answers: A. Place the mother in a supine, head-down position with hips elevated and administer high-flow oxygen. B. Put the patient in a semi-Fowler's position on the stretcher and immediately transport. C. Place both hands on the abdomen and attempt once to turn the baby into a head-down position. D. Lay her on her left side and administer high-flow oxygen.

A. Place the mother in a supine, head-down position with hips elevated and administer high-flow oxygen.

You have arrived at the side of a 35-year-old who is 37 weeks pregnant and in labor. Your focused exam reveals crowning with contractions at 60 seconds apart. Which one of the following should you do immediately? Answers: A. Place the patient on her back, and then open and prepare the obstetrical kit. B. Have the patient hold her legs together, and then move her to the ambulance for delivery of the baby. C. Obtain vital signs, and then move to the ambulance for a nonemergency transport. D. Place the patient on the cot in the left lateral recumbent position, and then proceed with emergency transport.

A. Place the patient on her back, and then open and prepare the obstetrical kit.

Which of the following is a serious complication of a fall with chest injuries suffered by a 75-year-old male? Answers: A. Pneumonia B. Bruised ribs C. Collapsed lungs D. Blood clots

A. Pneumonia

Which of the following BEST describes the term crowning? Answers: A. Presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening B. Delivery of the head during a breech birth, completing delivery C. Discharge of bloody mucus D. Complete dilation of the cervix

A. Presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening

Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is not breathing initially, but begins breathing when the airway is open, is deemed a ________ patient. Answers: A. Priority 1 B. Priority 0 C. Priority 2 D. Priority 3

A. Priority 1

Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is alert and has a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds is deemed a ________ patient. Answers: A. Priority 3 B. Priority 0 C. Priority 2 D. Priority 1

A. Priority 3

Which of the following fractures is most common among elderly women due to falls? Answers: A. Proximal femur B. Mid-shaft femur C. Distal femur D. Pelvis

A. Proximal femur

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient? Answers: A. Respiratory failure B. Congenital heart defects C. Hypoglycemia D. Ventricular fibrillation

A. Respiratory failure

You have been dispatched to a residence for a female patient who is dizzy and "passing out." An Emergency Medical Responder meets you at the door and reports that the patient is lying in bed and is nine months pregnant. Her pulse rate is 112 and her blood pressure is 84/50 mmHg. Respirations are 24 per minute and she has a room air pulse oximetry reading of 97%. Which one of the following should you do as soon as you reach the patient's side? Answers: A. Roll her onto her side. B. Determine any complications of the pregnancy. C. Start positive pressure ventilation. D. Recheck the blood pressure.

A. Roll her onto her side.

You have assisted in the delivery of a full-term infant by suctioning the mouth and nose as the head was delivered and again following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. Which of the following is the correct sequence of interventions? Answers: A. Rub the infant's back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse. B. Perform a series of back blows and chest thrusts interposed with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. C. Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, suction the airway with a rigid tonsil tip, and begin CPR. D. Transport without further intervention.

A. Rub the infant's back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse.

You have been called to a home for a female patient in labor. On scene the family tells you that the 37-year-old patient is 42 weeks pregnant and wanted to have her baby at home naturally. They tell you that she has been in labor for over 24 hours and suddenly began complaining of severe and tearing abdominal pain. What condition should the EMT suspect? Answers: A. Ruptured uterus B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Preeclampsia D. Placenta previa

A. Ruptured uterus

During which stage of labor is the baby born? Answers: A. Second B. First C. Third D. Primary

A. Second

A female patient is described as primigravida. Which one of the following statements about that patient is true? Answers: A. She is pregnant for the first time. B. She has only one child. C. She has never been pregnant. D. She has been pregnant before but miscarried.

A. She is pregnant for the first time.

An 8-year-old child was chasing his dog when he ran out into the street and was struck by a car. He is responsive to verbal stimuli and has an unstable pelvis and a bruise to the side of his face. His airway is open and his breathing is rapid and shallow. His radial pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cool, moist, and diaphoretic. He also has burns and abrasions to his back after being thrown by the car onto the hot pavement. Based on these assessment findings, the EMT would treat the patient for what condition? Answers: A. Shock B. Hypoxia C. Head injury D. Burn injuries

A. Shock

What is the term for when the fetus and placenta deliver before the 28th week of pregnancy? Answers: A. Spontaneous abortion B. Eclampsia C. Induced abortion D. Stillbirth

A. Spontaneous abortion

Which of the following is NOT a role of dialysis in a renal failure patient? Answers: A. Stimulate blood cell production B. Filter and detoxify the blood C. Remove fluid from the body D. Remove waste from the body

A. Stimulate blood cell production

Which of the following is true in regards to touching a patient who is being shocked with an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD)? Answers: A. The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient. B. The EMT will always feel the shock, and it is very dangerous to the EMT as well. C. It depends on the AICD model as to whether or not the EMT can feel the shock. D. The EMT will always feel the shock, but it is not very painful.

A. The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient.

You have just delivered a full-term baby girl and she is doing well. You have dried her off and wrapped her in a warm blanket. You are preparing to cut the umbilical cord. Which of the following is normally true regarding cutting the umbilical cord? Answers: A. The infant must be breathing on his or her own before you cut the cord. B. You should hold the baby above the level of the mother when cutting the cord. C. You must try to cut the cord before it stops pulsating. D. The cord should be cut immediately following delivery.

A. The infant must be breathing on his or her own before you cut the cord.

Regarding ambulance warning devices, which of the following statements is NOT true? Answers: A. The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately. B. The use of strobes is controversial. C. Four-way flashers should not be used as emergency lights. D. In most states it is illegal to drive at night with only one headlight.

A. The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately.

Which of the following BEST describes the events that occur during the first stage of labor? Answers: A. Thinning and dilation of the cervix B. Expulsion of the placenta C. Rupture of the amniotic sac D. Expulsion of the fetus through the birth canal

A. Thinning and dilation of the cervix

If the baby's umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped around his neck after the head is delivered, which of the following should be done? Answers: A. Try to slip the cord over the baby's head and shoulder. B. Immediately cut the cord before delivering the baby. C. Clamp the cord in two places, but do not cut it until the baby is delivered. D. Transport emergently without further intervention.

A. Try to slip the cord over the baby's head and shoulder.

When an elderly patient complains of abdominal pain, the EMT should consider this symptom to be: Answers: A. an indication of a potentially serious problem. B. cardiac-related until proven otherwise. C. related to a gastrointestinal problem. D. non-life-threatening unless accompanied by other symptoms.

A. an indication of a potentially serious problem.

The EMT would recognize that pediatric patients range in age from: Answers: A. birth to 18 years. B. 1 year to 15 years. C. 1 year to 8 years. D. birth to 12 years.

A. birth to 18 years.

Police escorts of ambulances driving at emergency status are typically discouraged because: Answers: A. drivers who pull over for the police officer often pull back in front of the ambulance. B. police officers are not accustomed to driving an ambulance. C. there is no guarantee that the police officer knows where the call is located. D. ambulances do not move as fast as police cruisers.

A. drivers who pull over for the police officer often pull back in front of the ambulance.

Assessment indicates that a newborn's respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute and his heart rate is 80 beats per minute. The EMT should: Answers: A. initiate positive pressure ventilation. B. start chest compressions. C. continue to monitor the baby. D. administer high-flow oxygen.

A. initiate positive pressure ventilation.

You have determined that your patient, a 6-year-old boy, most likely has epiglottitis. He has developed a high fever and appears very ill. You realize that this is a serious illness and you need to handle your patient carefully. You should: Answers: A. not place anything in his mouth. B. check his temperature regularly. C. give him ice chips to suck on. D. have him lie down with his head elevated.

A. not place anything in his mouth.

You have arrived at a residence to find a 6-month-old girl in her crib in cardiac arrest. Quick assessment reveals no rigor mortis or lividity. The mother states that she put the baby to bed at 9 p.m. last night and awoke at 3 a.m. to find her in her present state. Your first action would be to: Answers: A. open the airway and provide 2 ventilations. B. apply oxygen and move the baby to the ambulance. C. inquire if the mother wants resuscitation started. D. ask if the baby has any medical conditions.

A. open the airway and provide 2 ventilations.

You have been called to a home by neighbors because they are concerned for the welfare of the children inside. On scene, you find two children left by themselves. They are playing in a filthy room with no light or heat. They are dirty and have insect bites all over their bodies. One is in a soiled diaper and has hard stool caked to the buttocks. The EMT would best recognize this situation as one of: Answers: A. physical neglect. B. physical abuse. C. felonious care. D. parental negligence.

A. physical neglect.

Signs that identify the hazardous material contained within a transport vehicle are called: Answers: A. placards. B. indicators. C. panels. D. warnings.

A. placards.

You respond to a call for a patient in active labor with her second child. Your interview with the patient shows that she is 40 weeks pregnant and has been in active labor for several hours. You determine that her vital signs are all within normal limits. After your physical exam, you determine the baby is crowning. You should next: Answers: A. prepare to deliver the baby on-scene. B. contact medical direction for orders. C. begin transport and plan to deliver in the ambulance. D. delay delivery until arrival at the hospital.

A. prepare to deliver the baby on-scene.

A 4-year-old child is generally categorized as a(n): Answers: A. preschooler. B. toddler. C. adolescent. D. school-age child.

A. preschooler.

You are responding at emergency status to a vehicle collision in your ambulance. As you approach an intersection with a red light in your direction, you approach cautiously, come to a complete stop at the intersection, ensure all other drivers can see you, and slowly ease your way through the intersection. These actions describe your abilities to: Answers: A. proceed with due regard for the safety of all drivers on the road. B. predict the travel path of other drivers who have the right-of-way. C. follow state laws regarding emergency vehicle operations. D. ensure your right to proceed through a red light due to the established emergency.

A. proceed with due regard for the safety of all drivers on the road.

As you care for an elderly patient experiencing a serious medical condition, you would expect any deterioration to take place: Answers: A. slowly and steadily. B. rapidly, with a later shift to slowly. C. rapidly. D. slowly, with a later shift to rapidly.

A. slowly and steadily.

You have been called to a preschool for a child in seizure activity. On your arrival, staff direct you to a bed in which a 4-year-old boy is lying. Staff state that the child began making "funny" noises in his sleep then began to seize for approximately 60 seconds. Your assessment indicates that the boy is responsive to painful stimuli and is breathing, but has gurgling sounds coming from the upper airway. His radial pulse is rapid and strong and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Your immediate action in caring for this child would be to: Answers: A. suction the airway. B. start positive pressure ventilation. C. apply oxygen. D. place a cervical collar.

A. suction the airway.

You are assessing a 67-year-old male patient who is experiencing a dissecting abdominal aneurysm. Typically, such a patient will describe the pain as: Answers: A. tearing. B. sharp. C. dull. D. achy.

A. tearing.

APGAR score

Appearance 0: blue all over 1:trunk pink, extremities blue 2: pink all over Pulse 0: 0 1:<100 2: >100 Grimace-reaction to suctioning or tickling feet 0:no reaction 1:grimace 2: moving all over Activity 0: no movement 1: slight movement, flexing extremities 2: moving all over Respiratory Effort 0: none 1: slow, irregular breathing, weak cry 2: good breathing, strong cry

You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next? Answers: A. Allow the mother to hold her baby. B. Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse. C. Begin assisting the newborn's breathing. D. Clamp and cut the umbilical cord.

B. Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse

The EMT shows that he can accurately differentiate placenta previa from abruptio placenta when he states: Answers: A. "Abruptio placenta typically occurs in the first and second trimester; placenta previa occurs in the third trimester." B. "Bleeding associated with abruptio placenta is typically associated with abdominal pain; bleeding associated with placenta previa is painless." C. "Abruptio placenta rarely results in the death of the baby; the mortality rate of placenta previa is high." D. "The blood lost with placenta previa is dark red; the color of blood associated with abruptio placenta is bright red."

B. "Bleeding associated with abruptio placenta is typically associated with abdominal pain; bleeding associated with placenta previa is painless."

A 25-year-old female presents with abdominal pain. She appears thin and healthy, but in obvious distress. Which one of the following questions should the EMT ask first? Answers: A. "Are your menstrual periods regular?" B. "Is there any possibility you are pregnant?" C. "How many times have you been pregnant?" D. "Are you having any vaginal discharge?"

B. "Is there any possibility you are pregnant?"

You have been asked to speak to a group of new mothers regarding the emergency treatment of a fever. During your presentation, one of the mothers asks you what temperature would cause a child to seize. Your response would be: Answers: A. "For a child to seize when she has a fever, she must also have a history of seizures or a cardiac condition." B. "It is not the specific temperature that is of concern, but the rate at which the body temperature rises." C. "If the temperature of a child's fever rises slowly over several hours, she is at greater risk for seizures." D. "When a child's temperature rises above 105°F, seizure activity will occur."

B. "It is not the specific temperature that is of concern, but the rate at which the body temperature rises."

You have determined that you will need to perform a field delivery. What instructions provided to the patient show that the EMT is properly positioning the patient? Answers: A. "I am going to place you on your left side with your legs up until the baby's head is visible." B. "Please lie on your back, draw your knees upward, and spread your legs apart." C. "I'd like you to lie flat on the bed and bend your right leg while keeping your left leg straight." D. "Please lie back, and then elevate both legs into the air. Your husband will help you hold them up."

B. "Please lie on your back, draw your knees upward, and spread your legs apart."

Assessment of a newborn indicates that she has slow and irregular respirations with a weak cry. You should award her how many points according to the APGAR scoring system? Answers: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

B. 1

The elderly population is at least ________ times as likely to use the EMS system as patients in other age groups. Answers: A. 0.5 B. 2 C. 10 D. 5

B. 2

The EMT is performing CPR on a neonate. Which one of the following is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio? Answers: A. 30 compressions to every 2 ventilations B. 3 compressions to every 1 ventilation C. 5 compressions to every 2 ventilations D. 15 compressions to every 5 ventilations

B. 3 compressions to every 1 ventilation

ICS systems recognize that the manageable span of control is: Answers: A. 18 people. B. 6 people. C. 24 people. D. 12 people.

B. 6 people.

You are on the scene of a church bus roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage officer, which one of the following patients should you assign the highest priority? Answers: A. Unresponsive 9-year-old male with an open skull fracture who is in cardiac arrest B. 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side C. 35-year-old pregnant woman with a cut on her head, neck pain, and numbness and tingling in her arms D. 30-year-old man with multiple lower extremity fractures who is awake, has a strong radial pulse, and is complaining of severe pain

B. 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side

You are assessing a newborn patient 1 minute after delivery. You notice the patient has blue extremities with a pink trunk, a pulse of 120, and strong crying with good movement of all extremities. What is the newborn's APGAR score? Answers: A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 8

B. 9

Which of the following is true concerning disinfection? Answers: A. High level disinfection destroys all sources of infection. B. A low-level disinfectant will kill germs on ambulance floors and walls. C. A solution of 1 part household bleach to 100 parts water is an effective disinfectant for health care purposes. D. All of the above

B. A low-level disinfectant will kill germs on ambulance floors and walls.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the pediatric assessment triangle? Answers: A. Appearance B. Abdomen C. Circulation D. Breathing

B. Abdomen

Your protocols call for you to use the pediatric assessment triangle when assessing young children. You know that the second leg of the triangle assesses the "work of breathing" and the bottom leg of the triangle assesses "circulation to the skin." What does the first leg of the triangle stand for? Answers: A. Airway B. Appearance C. Alteration of mental status D. Assessment

B. Appearance

When he is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible injuries after the child fell down a flight of stairs, which of the following would raise the EMT's suspicion that the child may be a victim of physical abuse? Answers: A. The child is fearful and appears malnourished. B. Bruises are found on his chest and abdomen. C. Several bruises are located on his knees and shins. D. The child cries when you palpate his arm.

B. Bruises are found on his chest and abdomen.

In which of the following zones is the EMT expected to be staged at the scene of a hazardous materials incident? Answers: A. Hot zone B. Cold zone C. Warm zone D. Ground zero

B. Cold zone

Which of the following is the correct technique to check for crowning in the assessment of a woman in labor? Answers: A. Place your hand on the woman's abdomen, just above the umbilicus, and check for the firmness of the uterus during contractions. B. Cover her with a sheet, have her remove her underwear, wait for a contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening. C. Ask the woman to "push" or "bear down" as you inspect the vaginal opening. D. None of the above

B. Cover her with a sheet, have her remove her underwear, wait for a contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening

Which of the following is a sign of the MOST severe respiratory distress in a 1-year-old pediatric patient? Answers: A. Grunting B. Decreased muscle tone C. Wheezing D. Respiratory rate greater than 60

B. Decreased muscle tone

Which of the following is the likely result of diminished thyroid function in the elderly? Answers: A. Thin, dry, wrinkled skin B. Decreased tolerance of heat and cold C. Difficulty chewing and swallowing D. Increased toxicity of medications

B. Decreased tolerance of heat and cold

Which one of the following lists the stages of labor in the order in which they occur? Answers: A. Uterine, expulsion, placental, and recovery B. Dilation, expulsion, and placental C. Dilation, delivery, placental, and afterbirth D. Uterine, delivery, and recovery

B. Dilation, expulsion, and placental

Which of the following BEST describes when positive pressure is applied to the patient's airway using a CPAP machine? Answers: A.During inhalation only B. During both inhalation and exhalation C. During exhalation only D. Between inhalation and exhalation

B. During both inhalation and exhalation

A patient is 7 cm dilated and complaining of painful contractions. What stage of labor should the EMT identify? Answers: A. Expulsion B. First stage C. Third stage D. Uterine

B. First stage

The senior EMT on the first vehicle that arrived on a scene with multiple patients should assume which of the following roles until relieved by a senior official? Answers: A. Transport sector supervisor B. Incident Commander of the scene C. Triage sector supervisor D. Commander of the entire incident

B. Incident Commander of the scene

When cutting the umbilical cord, how should the baby be positioned? Answers: A. Six inches below the vaginal opening B. Level with the vaginal opening C. Prone and in a head-down position D. Upright and on the mother's chest (if possible)

B. Level with the vaginal opening

During transport, where should the catheter bag be after loading the patient and stretcher into the ambulance if the patient has an indwelling urinary catheter? Answers: A. In the patient's lap, but not higher than his heart B. Lower than the patient, but not on the floor C. Hanging from the ceiling of the ambulance or IV pole higher than the patient D. On the ambulance floor

B. Lower than the patient, but not on the floor

While treating a patient of sexual assault, your treatment should follow which of the following sequences? Answers: A. Treat immediate life threats, treat psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence. B. Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, treat medical and psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence. C. Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, and treat only the secondary injuries that may become life threats to protect criminal evidence. D. Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, allow the patient to shower if the patient is capable to help treat psychological needs, and transport.

B. Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, treat medical and psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.

Which of the following is important to remember when communicating with an elderly patient with a hearing impairment? Answers: A. It is not worth the effort to try to get information from an elderly person with a hearing impairment. B. Make sure the patient can see you when you are speaking to him. C. You may need to shout in order for the patient to hear you. D. Speak directly into the patient's ear.

B. Make sure the patient can see you when you are speaking to him.

Which of the following is of greatest concern for the EMT in the prehospital care of a woman with vaginal bleeding? Answers: A. Finding out if the patient is currently sexually active B. Monitoring for hypovolemic shock C. Preventing infection D. Obtaining a thorough gynecological history

B. Monitoring for hypovolemic shock

You have been called to assist another crew with the birth of a baby. On scene another EMT informs you that the mother's perineum tore and is bleeding heavily. What should you do? Answers: A. Apply a sterile gauze dressing with gentle pressure above the vagina. B. Place a sterile dressing between the mother's vagina and rectum. C. Place a cold pack to the mother's abdomen just below the umbilicus. D. Insert sterile gauze into the vagina and leave in place until bleeding stops.

B. Place a sterile dressing between the mother's vagina and rectum.

With START triage, when you arrive on the scene you ask all the patients who can walk to move to one area. These patients are categorized as: Answers: A. red tagged. B. Priority 4 walking wounded. C. Priority 3 walking wounded. D. yellow tagged.

B. Priority 4 walking wounded.

You have been called to an apartment for a child who is sick. As you approach the 4-year-old boy, you note that he is sitting upright in his mother arms with his chin thrust forward. He has a very lethargic and sickly appearance and is drooling. His airway appears open and his breathing is adequate. His radial pulse is strong and his skin is hot to the touch. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate in the care of this patient? Answers: A. Placement of an oropharyngeal airway B. Provision of blow-by oxygen C. Suctioning secretions from the back of the airway D. Placing the boy supine for transport

B. Provision of blow-by oxygen

Which of the following is a concern when dealing with an adolescent patient? Answers: A. The adolescent patient will generally be more truthful about what happened in front of his parents than in front of his peers. B. The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries. C. Adolescents usually lack the sophistication to understand explanations of what you are doing and why. D. Physiologically, adolescents are very different from adults.

B. The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries.

Concerning aging, which of the following statements is NOT true? Answers: A. Some elderly people have a low threshold for pain. B. The diastolic blood pressure tends to rise with age. C. The systolic blood pressure tends to increase with age. D. Many elderly patients have a high threshold for pain.

B. The diastolic blood pressure tends to rise with age.

You are assessing an 83-year-old female who is having hip pain. When you count her pulse you notice that the rate is irregularly irregular. What is your treatment for this patient? Answers: A Alert paramedics to respond for a possible cardiac patient. B. The irregularity is not a reason for concern in itself. C. Contact medical control for permission to have the patient transported by helicopter from the scene. D. Check distal circulation, sensory, and motor sensation, apply a pelvic wrap, place on a traction splint, and transport the patient.

B. The irregularity is not a reason for concern in itself.

Which of the following BEST describes placenta previa? Answers: A. The placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. B. The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix. C. The umbilical cord is the presenting part. D. The pregnancy is lost before the 20th week of gestation.

B. The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix.

What is the purpose of a tracheostomy in an ill patient? Answers: A. To assist the patient with sleeping B. To assist the patient with breathing C. To assist the patient with feedings D. To assist the patient with waste removal

B. To assist the patient with breathing

The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued specifications for all of the following types of ambulances except: Answers: A. Type III. B. Type IV. C. Type I. D. Type II.

B. Type IV.

Which of the following is appropriate when caring for a premature baby? Answers: A. Deeply suctioning the airway with a rigid tonsil-tip B. Wrapping the infant in a blanket, covering his head, and keeping the temperature in the ambulance between 90°F and 100°F C. Applying high-concentration oxygen with a neonatal nonrebreather mask D. Encouraging family members to hold the infant

B. Wrapping the infant in a blanket, covering his head, and keeping the temperature in the ambulance between 90°F and 100°F

Failure to formally transfer the patient to medical staff in the emergency department could place the EMT in danger of being held liable for: Answers: A. patient endangerment. B. abandonment. C. unlawful consent. D. false imprisonment.

B. abandonment.

When palpating the pulse of an elderly patient, you notice that there is an irregular pulsation without any kind of pattern or cycle to it. This is called: Answers: A. pulsus paradoxus. B. an irregularly irregular pulse. C. heart failure. D. pulsus alternans.

B. an irregularly irregular pulse.

A study of emergency collisions demonstrated that the majority of collisions occurred Answers: A. at night. B. at intersections. C. during turning. D. during inclement weather.

B. at intersections.

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are: Answers: A. limb presentation and severe vaginal hemorrhage. B. breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord. C. vertex presentation and delivery of the placenta. D. nuchal cord and presentation of an arm or leg.

B. breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

A 2-month-old presents with labored breathing, fever, and coughing. Auscultation of the lungs reveals significant wheezing bilaterally. Based on this presentation, an EMT would recognize that the patient is most likely suffering from: Answers: A. croup. B. bronchiolitis. C. asthma. D. epiglottis.

B. bronchiolitis.

The elderly patient will most likely experience ________ as he or she continues to age. Answers: A. decreased chewing difficulty B. decreased intestinal tract movement C. increased food absorption D. increased stomach acid secretion

B. decreased intestinal tract movement

A segment of the body associated with a specific nerve coming from the spinal cord, along which shingles can appear, is called a: Answers: A. zoster. B. dermatome. C. motor unit. D. myelin sheath.

B. dermatome.

You respond to a 5-year-old child who has been injured while playing in his backyard. It appears that he has broken his arm, but you cannot tell how it occurred. You will need to gather some information regarding what exactly happened. Therefore, you should: Answers: A. speak only to the mother to find out what happened. B. get down to the child's eye level to talk to him. C. tell the child that big boys don't cry. D. tell the child that you will not hurt him.

B. get down to the child's eye level to talk to him.

A 6-year-old male has a decreased level of consciousness. His mother states that they do not have health insurance so they did not take him to the hospital last week when he started vomiting and had massive diarrhea. She continues by stating that he has not had anything to eat or drink since then. He has snoring respirations that are rapid and inadequate. His radial pulse cannot be located, and his carotid pulse is rapid and weak. His capillary refill is five seconds and his skin is cool to the touch. Your first intervention in caring for this child would be: Answers: A. providing positive pressure ventilation. B. opening the airway using the head tilt-chin lift. C. taking manual in-line spinal immobilization. D. attaching the automated external defibrillator.

B. opening the airway using the head tilt-chin lift.

You are assessing a pregnant woman whose chief complaint is vaginal bleeding. She is 8 months pregnant and has moderate, bright red bleeding. She says that her doctor was concerned about the location of the placenta. This condition is known as: Answers: A. placenta disruption. B. placenta previa. C. abruptio placenta. D. unstable placenta.

B. placenta previa.

As a rule, as a child gets older the blood pressure: Answers: A. falls and the pulse rate falls. B. rises and the pulse rate falls. C. rises and the pulse rate rises. D. falls and the pulse rate rises.

B. rises and the pulse rate falls.

Usually the first sign of respiratory distress in infants is: Answers: A. tachycardia. B. tachypnea. C. bradypnea. D. bradycardia.

B. tachypnea.

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: Answers: A. 4 years. B. 10 years. C. 6 years. D. 8 years.

C. 6 years.

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Answers: A. Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. B. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. C. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. D. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis.

C. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: Answers: A. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. B. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Answers: A. en route to the hospital. B. in the ambulance. C. at the feet. D. at the head.

C. at the feet.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should: Answers: A. assess his skin color and give free-flow oxygen as needed. B. begin chest compressions and reassess in 30 seconds. C. keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance. D. clamp and cut the umbilical cord and keep him warm.

C. keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Answers: A. assess his or her respiratory effort. B. conclude that the child is stable. C. not rule out compensated shock. D. assume the child is hypertensive.

C. not rule out compensated shock.

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: Answers: A. more vascular despite the fact that they are proportionately smaller. B. lower in the abdominal cavity, where the muscles are not as strong. C. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. D. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma.

C. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly.

Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: Answers: A. a rapid heart rate. B. warm, dry skin. C. weak distal pulses. D. brisk capillary refill.

C. weak distal pulses.

An infant is considered to be premature if it: Answers: A. is born before 38 weeks' gestation or weighs less than 6 lb. B. weighs less than 5.5 lb or is born before 37 weeks' gestation. C. weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation. D. is born before 40 weeks' gestation or weighs less than 7 lb.

C. weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

Which one of the following statements best indicates that the patient is in the second stage of labor? Answers: A. "I think that my water just broke." B. "It feels good not to have to push anymore." C. "I feel like I have to move my bowels." D. "The contractions are beginning to hurt now."

C. "I feel like I have to move my bowels."

Which of the following statements made by the EMT is most appropriate regarding dealing with caregivers and children during a medical emergency? Answers: A. "I tell the caregiver that everything will be okay so they are more calm and better able to help the child." B. "I include the caregiver in the care until I get the information that I need, then I remove the child to continue the assessment in the ambulance." C. "I try to include the caregiver in all that I do with his or her child so that the child and caregiver are more comfortable." D. "It is best to separate the caregiver from the child so that a proper assessment and care can be given."

C. "I try to include the caregiver in all that I do with his or her child so that the child and caregiver are more comfortable."

While performing the reassessment of a 2-year-old male who is severely dyspneic, you note that he is now unresponsive and not breathing. He has a heart rate of 32 beats per minute and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. What instruction would you provide to another EMT who is helping you transport the patient? Answers: A. "We need to try humidified oxygen to see if he will improve with that." B. "Please increase the oxygen in the non-rebreather face mask to 15 liters per minute." C. "Let's start chest compressions and positive pressure ventilations." D. "We need to get a blood pressure and then I will call medical direction."

C. "Let's start chest compressions and positive pressure ventilations."

Artificial ventilations for a 5-year-old child should be provided at a rate of no less than ______ and no more than______ per minute. Answers: A. 22;26 B. 24;28 C. 12;20 D. 28;32

C. 12;20

Assessment of a newborn indicates that his heart rate is 120 beats per minute. How many points should he be awarded according to the APGAR scoring system? Answers: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

C. 2

You respond to a major automobile collision involving multiple patients. Which of the following patients would receive Priority 1 transport? Answers: A. 68-year-old with mild respiratory distress and seat belt burns B. 45-year-old with no vital signs C. 25-year-old with abdominal bruising and signs of shock D. 6-year-old with lower leg fracture and normal vital signs

C. 25-year-old with abdominal bruising and signs of shock

A body mass index (BMI) above ________ is considered obese. Answers: A. 25 B. 35 C. 30 D. 40

C. 30

A 3-year-old child who burns both legs and arms has burned approximately ________% of his entire body surface area. Answers: A. 54 B. 36 C. 45 D. 72

C. 45

Safety studies have shown that drivers of other vehicles do not usually see or hear ambulances or other emergency vehicles until they are within ________ feet of it. Answers: A. 200 to 250 B. 150 to 200 C. 50 to 100 D. 100 to 150

C. 50 to 100

Normal maternal blood loss during delivery of an infant usually does not exceed how much? Answers: A. 250 cc B. 100 cc C. 500 cc D. 1,000 cc

C. 500 cc

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is: Answers: A. 7 B. 9 C. 8 D. 6

C. 8

What would be the minimally acceptable blood pressure for a 9-year-old girl who is suffering from a significant bleed from broken glass? Answers: A. 100 mmHg B. 79 mmHg C. 88 mmHg D. 96 mmHg

C. 88 mmHg

The condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall is known as which of the following? Answers: A. Preeclampsia B. Placenta previa C. Abruptio placentae D. Ectopic pregnancy

C. Abruptio placentae

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chest pain in the elderly? Answers: A. Aneurysm B. Angina C. Asthma D. Pneumonia

C. Asthma

Your patient is a 3-year-old child who is in severe respiratory distress. She is cyanotic and responds only to painful stimuli. According to the patient's mother, the child had complained of a sore throat earlier and has had a fever since early in the morning. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? Answers: A. Suction the airway. B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and begin bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen. C. Begin gentle ventilations with a bag-valve mask (BVM) and supplemental oxygen. D. Perform abdominal thrusts and finger sweeps; attempt to ventilate.

C. Begin gentle ventilations with a bag-valve mask (BVM) and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the EMT to take when caring for a patient with an AICD who goes into cardiac arrest? Answers: A. No action beyond transport is required since the patient already has an implanted defibrillator. B. CPR should be started, but the AED should not be used while on-scene or transporting the patient. C. CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient. D. The AED should be applied and used, but CPR should not be started while on-scene or transporting the patient.

C. CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient.

Assessing blood pressure on a patient with an AV shunt, fistula, or graft could lead to which of the following? Answers: A. Uncontrollable hemorrhage in the extremity B. Nothing, as there is no need to avoid assessing blood pressure in a patient's arm with an AV fistula, shunt, or graft. C. Damage to the AV shunt, fistula, or graft, requiring surgery D. Inaccurate blood pressure readings

C. Damage to the AV shunt, fistula, or graft, requiring surgery

While listening to an otherwise healthy elderly patient's lungs, you note decreased breath sounds. Which of the following may explain this finding? Answers: A. Decreased blood flow to the lungs B. Previous abdominal injuries C. Decreased lung capacity D. Increased chest wall flexibility

C. Decreased lung capacity

Which of the following is NOT a cause of altered mental status in the pediatric patient? Answers: A. Infection B. Traumatic brain injury C. Dementia D. Diabetes

C. Dementia

You are suspicious that a child is being physically abused and neglected. Which of the following best describes your best course of action in such a situation? Answers: A. Confrontation of the alleged abuser B. Placement of the child in a safe home C. Documentation of the situation D. Notification of other family members

C. Documentation of the situation

Which of the following BEST describes a disease such as deafness? Answers: A. Acquired disease B. Congenital disease C. Either a congenital or acquired disease D. Neither a congenital nor acquired disease

C. Either a congenital or acquired disease

You are assessing a 2-year-old child whose mother states she has had a fever for several hours. Which of the following signs is cause for concern? Answers: A. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute B. Absence of nasal flaring with inhalation C. Grunting at the end of expiration D. Crying

C. Grunting at the end of expiration

You walk up the stairs of a house to respond to a call of an elderly man. You notice that the stairs do not have any handrails. After responding to the reason why he called 911, what suggestion would you give to this patient to avoid falls in the future? Answers: A. It is a good idea there are no handrails on the front steps as this negatively impacts his balance as he walks up the stairs. B. It is illegal to not have a handrail on the front steps and it must be fixed immediately. C. He should install a handrail on the front steps to avoid any falls. D. Nothing, there is no problem.

C. He should install a handrail on the front steps to avoid any falls.

A concerned parent asks you which vaccine will decrease the risk of her child getting epiglottitis. Which vaccine would you tell her? Answers: A. Hepatitis B. MMR C. Hib vaccine D. Influenza

C. Hib vaccine

Which of the following is NOT a normal response of a small child when approached by the EMT? Answers: A. Anxiety B. Fear C. Indifference D. None of the above

C. Indifference

Which of the following is a consideration in airway management in the pediatric patient? Answers: A. Using blind finger sweeps to clear a foreign body from the airway B. The need to hyperextend the head to achieve an open airway C. Keeping the nose clear of secretions D. All of the above

C. Keeping the nose clear of secretions

Seizures due to complications of pregnancy generally occur during which of the following time periods? Answers: A. Before the mother even knows she is pregnant B. In the first trimester C. Late in pregnancy D. In the second trimester

C. Late in pregnancy

Because infants and small children rely more heavily on the diaphragm for breathing, respiratory distress can be detected by observing which one of the following signs that is not prominent in adults? Answers: A. Use of the sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck B. Bulging of the intercostal spaces C. Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort D. None of the above

C. Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort

You are assessing a child who is having problems breathing. Her mother states that she has been diagnosed with asthma and has recently started using an inhaler. Which of the following would indicate early respiratory distress? Answers: A. Slow heart rate B. Respiratory rate of 12 C. Nasal flaring D. Cyanosis of the nail beds and lips

C. Nasal flaring

Occlusive dressings must be carried on an ambulance to treat which of the following injuries? Answers: A. Tension pneumothorax B. Impaled object in the eye C. Open pneumothorax D. Amputations

C. Open pneumothorax

Upon your arrival for a medical call at a private residence, you find an elderly male patient complaining of difficulty breathing. Which of the following findings would provide you with the most valuable information about potential problems this patient may be experiencing? Answers: A. Patient's mental status B. Patient's vital signs C. Patient's positioning on the couch D. Temperature in the house

C. Patient's positioning on the couch

During your assessment of an unconscious, unresponsive 80-year-old female patient, you notice that she has dentures. Your assessment reveals she has an open airway, is breathing on her own at a rate of 12 per minute, is slightly pale, and has a bounding radial pulse. In managing this patient's airway, what would be your most appropriate action? Answers: A. Remove the dentures. B. Tilt the head to a sniffing position. C. Perform a jaw thrust as needed. D. Prepare to insert an oral airway.

C. Perform a jaw thrust as needed.

Your patient is an infant who has just been delivered 3 weeks before her due date. She is breathing adequately, has a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and has cyanosis of her face and chest. Which of the following interventions should be done first? Answers: A. Perform ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen. B. Begin CPR with a compression rate of 120/minute. C. Place oxygen tubing near the infant's face at a flow rate of 10 to 12 liters per minute. D. Place a neonatal nonrebreather mask on the infant's face

C. Place oxygen tubing near the infant's face at a flow rate of 10 to 12 liters per minute.

Which of the following is indicated in the prehospital management of a prolapsed umbilical cord? Answers: A. Encourage the mother to push forcefully in order to speed delivery. B. Use your gloved hand to push the umbilical cord back up through the cervix. C. Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips. D. Immediately clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps.

C. Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips.

Five minutes after delivering a baby, the mother states that she feels the sudden urge to push, just as a gush of blood comes from the vagina. Given that the mother is not delivering twins, what stage of labor should the EMT identify? Answers: A. Second B. Fourth C. Placental D. Expulsion

C. Placental

Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who has no pulse is deemed a ________ patient. Answers: A. Priority 1 B. Priority 2 C. Priority 0 D. Priority 3

C. Priority 0

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #1 is a 16-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 28, pulse 132, and altered mental status with cool clammy skin. Answers: A. Priority 2, yellow tag B. Priority 4, black tag C. Priority 1, red tag D. Priority 3, green tag

C. Priority 1, red tag

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario:Patient #4 is a 13-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 8, pulse 124, and nonresponsive with blood from the ears and nose. Answers: A. Priority 3, green tag B. Priority 2, yellow tag C. Priority 1, red tag D. Priority 4, black tag

C. Priority 1, red tag

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario:Patient #5 is a 17-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 18, pulse 104, alert, crying, and wanting his mother; he is ambulatory. Answers: A. Priority 4, black tag B. Priority 1, red tag C. Priority 3, green tag D. Priority 2, yellow tag

C. Priority 3, green tag

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario:Patient #3 is a 38-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 0, pulse 0, and nonresponsive. Answers: A. Priority 1, red tag B. Priority 2, yellow tag C. Priority 4, black tag D. Priority 3, green tag

C. Priority 4, black tag

In which one of the following abnormal presentations is it permissible for the EMT to place a gloved hand into the vaginal canal? Answers: A. Placenta previa B. Multiple birth delivery C. Prolapsed umbilical cord D. Limb presentation

C. Prolapsed umbilical cord

What is the tendency for a frightened child to act younger than his age? Answers: A. Retreat B. Retraction C. Regression D. Repression

C. Regression

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) is a system that relies on some simple commands and what three physiologic parameters? Answers: A. Circulation, sensory, and motor status B. Respiration, pain, and mental status C. Respiration, pulse, and mental status D. Respiration, sensory, and motor status

C. Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Which of the following signs may signify impending cardiac arrest in a child? Answers: A. Pulse rate 80 in a 5-year-old B. Blood pressure of 105 systolic in a school age child C. Respiratory rate over 60 D. Pulse rate over 120

C. Respiratory rate over 60

On the scene of a medical emergency, you are directed to a 5-month-old baby in his crib. He responds to painful stimuli by whimpering and he is breathing at a rate of 50 breaths per minute. His airway is open and his brachial pulse is fast, weak, and difficult to locate. Assessment of his skin reveals it to be cool and pale in color. According to the mother, he has had vomiting and diarrhea for four days. She also reports that the father of the baby is a diabetic. Based on this information, the EMT would recognize what condition? Answers: A. Hypoglycemia B. Heart failure C. Shock D. Cardiac arrest

C. Shock

An elderly patient who is experiencing a myocardial infarction is more likely to complain of which of the following symptoms than a younger patient would? Answers: A. No chest pain or shortness of breath B. A rash caused by shingles C. Shortness of breath without chest pain D. Shortness of breath with chest pain

C. Shortness of breath without chest pain

While delivering a baby, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck. Which one of the following should you do immediately? Answers: A. Stop the delivery and transport. B. Clamp and cut the cord. C. Slip the cord over the baby's shoulders. D. Contact medical direction.

C. Slip the cord over the baby's shoulders.

Which of the following contributes MOST significantly to the occurrence of ambulance crashes? Answers: A. Time of day B. Size of the vehicle C. Speed of the vehicle D. Weather condition

C. Speed of the vehicle

Your patient is a 26-year-old female with a history of ectopic pregnancies. She has called 911 for extreme abdominal pain and she is concerned that she has another ectopic pregnancy. Her vital signs are pulse 118, respirations 20, and blood pressure 100/76. Which of the following is true regarding ectopic pregnancies? Answers: A. It usually occurs during the second trimester. B. It may cause painless bright red bleeding. C. The fallopian tubes cannot stretch to accommodate a fetus. D. The fertilized egg usually implants in the wall of the uterus.

C. The fallopian tubes cannot stretch to accommodate a fetus.

Which of the following is true concerning prehospital delivery of twins? Answers: A. The umbilical cord of the first infant must not be cut until the second infant is born. B. There are always two placentas. C. The infants will probably be smaller than a single infant and need attention in keeping them warm. D. This is a true emergency and cannot be managed outside the hospital setting without additional help.

C. The infants will probably be smaller than a single infant and need attention in keeping them warm.

Which of the following is characteristic of preschool-age children? Answers: A. They are not especially embarrassed or modest about body exposure. B. They have few fears of anything. C. They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad. D. They do not mind being separated from their parents.

C. They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad.

Which of the following is a characteristic of child abusers of special need patients? Answers: A. They usually want the child's injuries treated. B. Alcohol and drug abuse is uncommon. C. They rarely feel guilt or remorse. D. They usually identify with the child's pain and suffering.

C. They rarely feel guilt or remorse.

While treating a pregnant trauma patient, which of the following is the BEST way to keep the fetus alive? Answers: A. Do not put the patient on a spine board to prevent supine hypotensive syndrome. B. Do an emergency cesarean section of the fetus. C. Treat the patient as any other trauma patient. D. Transport the patient to the closest pediatric center.

C. Treat the patient as any other trauma patient.

When responding to a multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the following? Answers: A. Keeping a log of all patients transported B. Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient C. Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer D. Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance

C. Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

Which of the following is the easiest way for an EMT to communicate with a patient with drastic hearing loss? Answers: A. Use a TDD/TYY telephone. B. Slow down your speech so that the patient can read your lips. C. Write your questions using paper and pen. D. Speak loudly and directly into the patient's ear.

C. Write your questions using paper and pen.

All of the following are normal parental reactions to a child suffering from a sudden life-threatening illness or injury except: Answers: A. denial. B. guilt. C. indifference. D. anger.

C. indifference.

To determine the appropriate depth an EMT should insert a catheter tip into a tracheostomy tube in order to clear a blocked airway, the EMT should: Answers: A. measure from the stoma to the carina. B. multiply the internal diameter of the tracheal tube by 10. C. measure against the length of the obturator. D. insert the catheter until the tip is no longer visible.

C. measure against the length of the obturator.

You are transporting a patient who is experiencing frequent discharges of her automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). En route to the hospital you are caring for the patient in the back of the ambulance. To protect yourself from being shocked if the defibrillator discharges, you should: Answers: A. limit direct contact with the patient. B. make sure you do not touch the patient directly. C. not worry, since the defibrillator does not pose a danger to others. D. wear protective gloves that cannot conduct electricity.

C. not worry, since the defibrillator does not pose a danger to others.

You are called for a 6-year-old girl who is not well. Her mother says that the child has been sick for several days but today she has had trouble keeping her daughter awake. You note that the girl's capillary refill time is 4 seconds and she has a skin rash. The MOST important part of your assessment will be to: Answers: A. determine her level of consciousness. B. get a full SAMPLE history. C. recognize any respiratory distress. D. determine if she has a fever.

C. recognize any respiratory distress.

The mother of a 2-year-old has called EMS because her son has an axillary temperature of 103.2°F. On scene, your assessment reveals the boy to confused and lethargic with a rectal temperature of 104.1°F. When caring for this child, you would: Answers: A. have the mother administer Tylenol and cool the child by sponging with cold water. B. apply washcloths soaked in cold water until the child begins to shiver. C. remove the child's clothes and sponge with tepid water. D. administer oxygen and cool the child by sponging with alcohol.

C. remove the child's clothes and sponge with tepid water.

Inexperienced drivers tend to ________ when they hear a siren approaching. Answers: A. pull to the left B. pull to the right C. speed up D. stop

C. speed up

You are assessing a patient in labor. Her contractions are 2 minutes apart lasting 30 seconds with increasing pain. The patient states that she feels the urge to push. These signs indicate which stage of delivery? Answers: A. Third stage B. Fourth stage C. Second stage D. First and second stage

D. First and second stage

When arriving at the location of a motor vehicle collision on an interstate highway, you should position the ambulance so that: Answers: A. there is a fire truck between you and oncoming traffic. B. there is a safe area between the damaged vehicles and traffic behind the scene. C. there is a safe area beyond the damaged vehicles. D. you are nearest to the command post for easy communications with the incident commander.

C. there is a safe area beyond the damaged vehicles

You are in charge of your department's personnel at the scene of a mass-casualty incident. As the incident progresses, you request additional resources and a neighboring department assists you. As part of this department's response, a battalion chief responds to oversee operations. At the command post, you and the battalion chief work together to manage the incident. This cooperative management effort is known as: Answers: A. redundant command. B. dual command. C. unified command. D. incident command.

C. unified command.

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Answers: A. 3 seconds. B. 5 seconds. C. 4 seconds. D. 2 seconds.

D. 2 seconds.

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if: Answers: A. his or her heart rate is less than 60 beats/min. B. positive-pressure ventilations are indicated. C. the newborn presents with labored breathing. D. there is meconium in the amniotic fluid.

D. there is meconium in the amniotic fluid.

The mother of a 3-year-old boy has called 911 because her son has a low-grade fever and difficulty breathing. On scene, you are suspicious that the boy is suffering from croup. Which of the following statements made by the mother would reinforce this suspicion? Answers: A. "There are times when he continually drools." B. "When he is short of breath, his heart rate increases." C. "When I turn the air conditioner on, he becomes more short of breath." D. "At night, he seems to get a barking-like cough."

D. "At night, he seems to get a barking-like cough."

An EMT is presenting a continuing education class on the care of the pregnant female. When discussing the amniotic sac, he is correct to emphasize which one of the following points? Answers: A. "It contains a fluid called Wharton's jelly that enables the baby to breathe and move." B. "It contains fluid and surrounds and protects the uterus." C. "It must rupture during the second trimester of pregnancy for fetal development to progress." D. "It protects and insulates the baby during pregnancy."

D. "It protects and insulates the baby during pregnancy."

When asked, a young female with abdominal pain replies that she is not sure if she is pregnant or not. Which one of the following questions provides the best opportunity to determine if the patient is pregnant? Answers: A. "Does it feel like the last time you were pregnant?" B. "Have you been vomiting in the morning?" C. "Do you feel pressure in your belly area?" D. "When was your last menstrual period?"

D. "When was your last menstrual period?"

Of the older patients seen in the emergency department due to a fall, ________% will die within 1 year. Answers: A. 50 B. 35 C. 10 D. 25

D. 25

By definition, a premature infant is one who is born before how many weeks of the pregnancy? Answers: A. 34 B. 28 C. 40 D. 37

D. 37

A diastolic blood pressure over ________ mmHg is considered hypertensive. Answers: A. 80 B. 65 C. 50 D. 90

D. 90

Which one of the following statements about a limb presentation is true? Answers: A. There is little danger unless the umbilical cord is also protruding. B. The baby is premature. C. The EMT can try one time to deliver the baby. D. A cesarean section birth will be required.

D. A cesarean section birth will be required.

At which of the following locations is an EMT likely to encounter a patient using an advanced medical device? Answers: A. Specialty care center B. Nursing home C. Private residence D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Careful assessment and ongoing evaluation of the pediatric patient is critical for which of the following reasons? Answers: A. Childhood injuries and illnesses as a result of abuse or neglect may be missed if the EMT is not thorough. B. A sick or injured child who initially appeared stable can deteriorate very rapidly. C. Signs of significant illness and injury may be subtle and easily overlooked. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

During a power failure, how should the EMT verify adequate ventilations are being administered to an unresponsive patient with a tracheostomy tube using a bag-valve mask? Answers: A. Observe for chest rise and fall. B. Observe for improving skin color. C. Ensure a good connection between the bag-valve mask and the tracheostomy tube. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials emergencies? Answers: A. Shipping ports B. Manufacturing industries C. Farm service agencies D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In which of the following situations should the mother be transported immediately? Answers: A. Delivery is not imminent and there is about 500 cc of painless, bright red bleeding. B. The mother experiences a severe, tearing sensation in her abdomen during labor and the outline of the fetus can be felt through the abdominal wall. C. The infant's arm is the presenting part. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following may result from a woman in her third trimester of pregnancy lying in a supine position? Answers: A. Maternal hypotension B. Fetal compromise C. The mother's body attempting to compensate for shock D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following should be considered by the EMT as a result of the proportionally larger size of a small child's head? Answers: A. Different injury patterns than in adults B. Differences in positioning to maintain an open airway C. Adaptations in positioning for cervical spine immobilization D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following should be considered during the scene size-up of a hazardous materials emergency? Answers: A. Potential for spread of the substance B. Identification of the substance C. The properties and potential dangers of the substance D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following should be done when the infant's head has been delivered? Answers: A. Suction the mouth. B. Suction the nose. C. Check to see if the umbilical cord is around the neck. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following should the EMT do to control maternal bleeding after delivery of the baby? Answers: A. Allow the infant to nurse, if possible. B. Massage the uterus until it is firm and grapefruit-sized. C. Apply direct pressure with a sanitary napkin over any perineal lacerations. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

While ventilating a conscious patient's tracheostomy tube with a connected bag-valve mask, the EMT should verify the patient's comfort level for which of the following? Answers: A. Ventilation rate B. Ventilation volume C. Ventilation pressure D. All of the above

D. All of the above

You are called for a women who is about to deliver. During the labor process, your patient's water breaks. She experiences a rush of warm water and an increase in uterine contractions. The purpose of the amniotic fluid is to: Answers: A. help maintain a constant fetal body temperature. B. provide lubrication during the delivery of the baby. C. allow the fetus to float during development. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Regarding the use of emergency sirens, which of the following is false? Answers: A. The sound of the siren may increase the patient's anxiety. B. EMTs should assume that other drivers cannot hear the siren. C. Dense shrubbery may block the sound of the siren. D. Ambulance operators are not affected by siren noise.

D. Ambulance operators are not affected by siren noise.

You are beginning triage at the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which a commuter train has derailed. Which of the following should you do first? Answers: A. Identify all Priority 1 patients. B. Do a quick pulse check on all patients at the scene. C. Check the airway status of all patients who do not appear to be moving. D. Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building.

D. Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building.

Which of the following is NOT essential equipment on an ambulance? Answers: A. Portable suction unit B. Pediatric oxygen administration devices C. Portable oxygen tanks D. Automatic transport ventilator

D. Automatic transport ventilator

Which of the following describes a breech presentation? Answers: A. The infant presents buttocks first. B.The infant presents with both feet first. C. The infant presents face first. D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

You are delivering a baby in the patient's house. As the baby's head appears at the vaginal opening, you notice that the amniotic membrane is still intact. Which one of the following should you do next? Answers: A. Cut the sac with the sterile scissors in the OB kit. B. Transfer the patient to the stretcher for immediate transport. C. Continue with the delivery of the baby. D. Break open the amniotic sac with your fingers.

D. Break open the amniotic sac with your fingers.

You are an EMT on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which there are 50 patients from a bus roll-over. Incident Command has been established and EMS, law enforcement, and rescue sectors are established. You have just discovered that one of the bus passengers was carrying a suspicious package that is now leaking a white powdery substance. Which of the following entities should you contact about this? Answers: A. Rescue sector officer B. Incident Commander C. Dispatch D. EMS sector officer

D. EMS sector officer

You are called to a local hardware store for a male patient complaining of difficulty breathing. As you pull into the parking lot you notice several people in front of the building coughing and in obvious distress. What would be an appropriate course of action at this point? Answers: A. Locate the patient for whom you were requested and begin treatment while another ambulance is en route for the other patients. B. Move the people with respiratory difficulties to a distant corner of the parking lot and set up a treatment sector. C. Request a hazardous materials incident response and begin treating all patients displaying respiratory difficulties. D. Evaluate the scene further for indications of a hazardous environment and request a hazardous materials response.

D. Evaluate the scene further for indications of a hazardous environment and request a hazardous materials response.

You are assessing a female patient who informs you that she has been pregnant four times before but only delivered once. Which one of the following shows how you should document that information on the prehospital care report? Answers: A. Para III; Gravida I B. Para IV; Gravida I C. Gravida III; Para I D. Gravida IV; Para I

D. Gravida IV; Para I

Which of the following is the correct position to use when transporting a patient who has a tracheostomy tube? Answers: A. Supine B. Prone C. Shock position D. Head slightly elevated

D. Head slightly elevated

An elderly patient you are transporting to the hospital for complaints of feeling faint and having abdominal pain provides you with a list of medications he currently takes. Among the medications listed is naproxen. The patient's vital signs include a blood pressure of 148/92, pulse rate of 120, respiratory rate of 28, and clear bilateral breath sounds. Which of the following would be the most likely condition the patient is experiencing related to the abdominal pain? Answers: A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Myocardial infarction C. Constipation D. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

D. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Supine hypotensive syndrome is easily prevented by transporting the pregnant female into which of the following positions? Answers: A. Tilted slightly onto the right side B. On her hands and knees with her hips elevated C. Supine, with the head lower than the hips D. Lying on her left side

D. Lying on her left side

Bariatrics is defined as the branch of medicine that deals with the cause, prevention, and treatment of which of the following diseases? Answers: A. Blindness B. Sleep apnea C. Diabetes D. Obesity

D. Obesity

Which of the following lung conditions is the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly? Answers: A. Pneumothorax B. Tuberculosis C. Chronic bronchitis D. Pneumonia

D. Pneumonia

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario:Patient #2 is an 8-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 10, pulse 102, and alert mental status with warm dry skin. Answers: A. Priority 1, red tag B. Priority 4, black tag C. Priority 2, yellow tag D. Priority 3, green tag

D. Priority 3, green tag

After the unsuccessful resuscitation of a 3-year-old boy who was shot by his mother's boyfriend, you find yourself extremely stressed and anxious over the call. You are having trouble sleeping and the resultant anxiety is affecting your home life. Which of the following should be your initial action, given this situation? Answers: A. Make a resolution to perform better the next time. B. Resolve to find a profession outside of medicine. C. Make a conscious effort not to think about the event. D. Talk to a close friend about your feelings.

D. Talk to a close friend about your feelings.

While in an apartment to provide care for a 52-year-old female with shortness of breath, you note a baby sleeping in a nearby crib. Which of the following observations related to the baby would prompt you to intervene and speak to the family? Answers: A. The baby is sleeping in the afternoon. B. The baby is sleeping on a hard mattress. C. The crib is near a closed window. D. The baby is sleeping on her abdomen.

D. The baby is sleeping on her abdomen.

When you are assessing a 9-month-old boy who had a fever for the past two days, which of the following assessment findings would most strongly suggest that the fever has caused dehydration? Answers: A. Palpation of the anterior fontanel reveals it to be bulging. B. Respirations are labored and rapid. C. The heart rate is at the high end of the normal range. D. The mother informs you that the baby is wetting very few diapers.

D. The mother informs you that the baby is wetting very few diapers.

Which of the following is a common sign of a pre-delivery emergency? Answers: A. Contractions become more intense and closer together. B. The amniotic sac ruptures. C. The placenta fails to deliver within 20 minutes of the infant's birth. D. There is profuse vaginal bleeding.

D. There is profuse vaginal bleeding.

You are standing in line waiting to get a prescription filled for your mother. A woman walks in with a young boy in her arms. As she places him in a nearby chair, he begins to seize. Which of the following is true regarding childhood seizures? Answers: A. Most are due to head injuries. B. They usually accompany a high fever. C. They usually last from 1 to 2 minutes. D. They are due to a rapid rise in temperature

D. They are due to a rapid rise in temperature

Which of the following are desirable characteristics of the "safe or cold zone" in a hazardous materials incident? Answers: A. Downwind, uphill from the spill B. Upwind, uphill from the spill C. Downwind, downhill from the spill D. Upwind, on the same level as the spill

D. Upwind, on the same level as the spill

Which of the following groups of people makes up the largest portion of the homeless population? Answers: A. Families B. Females C. Children D. Veterans

D. Veterans

Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in an 18-month-old patient? Answers: A. Heart rate of 60 beats per minute B. Respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute C. Drowsiness D. Wheezing

D. Wheezing

As an adult ages, the body experiences changes that cause: Answers: A. an increased blood pressure. B. disease processes to take place. C. an inability to maintain homeostasis. D. a decreased compensatory ability.

D. a decreased compensatory ability.

You have been summoned to a grocery store for a 6-year-old girl who has collapsed. On scene, you find the girl lying unresponsive on the floor. Quickly you open the airway and determine that she is not breathing. When you try to ventilate her with the bag-valve mask, you are unable to do so. Repositioning the head and reattempting ventilation is not successful in passing air into the lungs. Your next action would be to: Answers: A. place an oral airway. B. ventilate with greater force. C. perform a blind finger sweep. D. administer 30 chest compressions.

D. administer 30 chest compressions.

When interviewing the elderly patient, the EMT can increase the accuracy of the information he or she gains by: Answers: A. having his or her partner assist with asking questions. B. speaking louder than normal. C. asking multiple questions at the same time. D. allowing sufficient time for the patient to answer.

D. allowing sufficient time for the patient to answer.

A 7-year-old child was riding a bike downhill and struck a parked car. He was thrown from the bike, impacting his head and back on the roadway. Presently, he is alert, oriented, and complaining of a headache. His airway is open and his breathing is adequate. A radial pulse is easily palpated and his skin is warm and dry. After taking manual in-line spinal immobilization, the EMT would: Answers: A. apply a cervical collar and check the mental status. B. perform a rapid trauma exam and obtain vital signs. C. immobilize the patient to the long spine board. D. apply oxygen via a non-rebreather face mask.

D. apply oxygen via a non-rebreather face mask.

You are caring for an 8-month-old boy who is unresponsive after choking on a piece of hard candy he managed to find. As you look into his mouth, you can see the candy in the back of his oropharynx. Your next action would be to: Answers: A. check the brachial pulse. B. provide five abdominal thrusts. C. perform a blind finger sweep. D. attempt to retrieve and remove it.

D. attempt to retrieve and remove it.

You have been called for a 2-year-old female who has fallen and is bleeding from a head laceration. Her mother states that she was running down the hallway when she fell, striking her head on a side table. You suspect that part of the reason she fell is that: Answers: A. her head is proportionately larger and heavier than an adult's. B. she has low blood sugar, making her unstable. C. she is still new to walking and may be unstable on her feet. D. both A and C are contributing factors.

D. both A and C are contributing factors.

While interviewing your patient, she tells you that her husband will be back from the store shortly and can get you a list of her medications. Her daughter tells you that the patient's husband died 15 years ago. This situation is known as: Answers: A. imagination. B. contemplation. C. hallucination. D. confabulation.

D. confabulation.

After you obtain a refusal at a residence in a neighborhood, a couple approaches the ambulance and inform you that they have concerns that a 6-year-old child may be being physically abused in a home two doors away. They state that they heard the child crying and what sounded like physical abuse occurring. In this situation, you would: Answers: A. inform the couple that they must contact a child welfare agency. B. attempt entry into the home to determine if the child is injured. C. knock on the door and confront the parents about the complaint. D. contact the police and wait in the ambulance until they arrive.

D. contact the police and wait in the ambulance until they arrive.

On scene at a school cafeteria, you are presented with a 9-year-old boy who attempted to eat a small plum whole. He is conscious with stridorous respirations and unable to cough when instructed to do so. His skin color is gray and cyanotic. Your immediate action would be to: Answers: A. check for a radial and carotid pulse. B. provide positive pressure ventilation. C. place an oral pharyngeal airway. D. deliver five abdominal thrusts.

D. deliver five abdominal thrusts.

A young female is complaining of sharp pain to the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She states that her last period was seven weeks ago. With this information, the EMT should be suspicious of: Answers: A. placenta previa. B. abruptio placenta. C. appendicitis. D. ectopic pregnancy.

D. ectopic pregnancy.

You are called for a woman with severe abdominal pain. During your assessment and interview, she tells you that she is sexually active and there is a chance she could be pregnant. Her vital signs are pulse 122, respirations 22, blood pressure 96/62, and skin cool and pale. You should immediately suspect: Answers: A. appendicitis. B. internal bleeding. C. placenta previa. D. ectopic pregnancy.

D. ectopic pregnancy.

The components of the APGAR scoring system include: Answers: A. grimace, movement, skin moisture. B. airway, breathing, level of consciousness. C. airway, breathing, circulation. D. heart rate, activity, respirations.

D. heart rate, activity, respirations.

Tests have shown that ________ ambulance operators tend to speed up by 10 to 15 miles per hour when the siren is sounding. Answers: A. privately employed B. younger C. experienced D. inexperienced

D. inexperienced

You respond for an imminent delivery of a baby in the breech position. As you examine the mother, you see that the umbilical cord is protruding from the opening of the cervix. You realize that the most important care you can provide for this baby is to: Answers: A. provide oxygen to the mother. B. wrap the cord to prevent heat loss. C. gently push the cord back into the vaginal space. D. keep the baby off of the cord.

D. keep the baby off of the cord.

After responding to the scene of a patient complaining of difficulty breathing, you and your partner determine that the patient's condition is not life threatening based on a thorough assessment. You should transport the patient to an appropriate medical facility with: Answers: A. the emergency lights off, but activating the siren when traffic builds. B. the emergency lights on, but without activating the siren. C. both lights and siren activated. D. neither lights nor siren activated.

D. neither lights nor siren activated.

A female patient who is eight and a half months pregnant states that she does not feel well. She denies chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. She states that she did vomit earlier in the morning and still feels somewhat nauseated. She is alert and oriented and has a patent airway. She is breathing 18 times per minute and has a heart rate of 88 beats per minute. Her blood pressure is 116/70 mmHg. The most appropriate care for this patient should include: Answers: A. refusal of transport with suggested follow-up with her obstetrician. B. quiet and calm transport in the supine position. C. rapid transport to a hospital with specialized obstetrical services. D. oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather face mask.

D. oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather face mask.

You are trying to ventilate an 18-month-old baby who has stopped breathing. You have laid him down on a flat surface to ventilate him, but you are unable to get his chest to rise. You should: Answers: A. suction his mouth to clear secretions. B. tip his head back farther to open his airway. C. flex his neck toward his chest. D. place a folded towel under his shoulders.

D. place a folded towel under his shoulders.

Your pregnant patient is in active labor. She has been lying on her back throughout her labor and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. Her vital signs are pulse rate 118, respirations 22, blood pressure 96/62, and skin cool and diaphoretic. The BEST way to treat her is to: Answers: A. elevate her legs to increase the blood return to the heart. B. cover her up with a blanket to maintain body heat. C. give her some fluids to drink to help elevate her blood pressure. D. place a rolled blanket under her left hip to displace the uterus.

D. place a rolled blanket under her left hip to displace the uterus.

When delivering a baby, you should do all of the following except: Answers: A. position your gloved hands at the vaginal opening. B. suction the mouth first, then the nose. C. have someone stay at the mother's head if possible. D. place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders.

D. place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders.

You have been called for a young female in labor. She is lying on the floor in obvious distress from the labor pains. While you are assessing her for crowning, your partner is getting a set of vital signs. She tells you that she is getting dizzy and nauseated. Vital signs are pulse rate 120, respiratory rate 22, and blood pressure 98/62. You should be concerned that she has: Answers: A. contracted food poisoning. B. Braxton-Hicks contractions. C. placenta previa. D. supine hypotensive syndrome.

D. supine hypotensive syndrome.

You have responded to a woman who has possible premature labor. She is 8 months pregnant and is experiencing labor pains. During your assessment, you note that the baby is not yet crowning. You need to determine whether delivery is imminent or not. You should next: Answers: A. complete a set of vital signs. B. check the level of the fundus. C. check for cervix dilation. D. time her contractions.

D. time her contractions.

The muscular organ in which a baby develops during pregnancy is called the: Answers: A. placenta. B. amniotic sac. C. fetal membrane. D. uterus.

D. uterus.

Operators of emergency vehicles must drive with the safety of others in mind. This is known as driving: Answers: A. with emergency privilege. B. defensively. C. as a public servant. D. with due regard.

D. with due regard.

What causes reduced stroke volume and cardiac output in geri pt?

degeneration of valves

when do you not have to check BP

under 3

when to check capillary refill?

under 5