module 75

Cultural diversity best illustrates our adaptive capacities. superordinate goals. gene complexes. group polarization. attributions.

adaptive capacities.

Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that animals can be bred for aggressiveness. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior by males but not by females. individualistic cultures generally have higher rates of aggression. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans.

animals can be bred for aggressiveness.

An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by their level of motivation. personality traits. assigned roles. their political philosophy. genetics.

assigned roles.

The chameleon effect involves the fundamental attribution error. automatic mimicry. social facilitation. cognitive dissonance. scapegoating.

automatic mimicry.

Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the mere exposure effect. social exchange theory. other-race effect. bystander effect. fundamental attribution error.

bystander effect.

A vivid example of a North Korean's behavior has an unusually strong influence on people's judgments of all North Koreans primarily because people estimate the frequency of group characteristics in terms of the memorability of these characteristics. are motivated to confirm their current stereotypes of specific groups. strongly resent those who draw a lot of attention to themselves. are prone to committing the fundamental attribution error. typically categorize other individuals on the basis of barely noticeable characteristics.

estimate the frequency of group characteristics in terms of the memorability of these characteristics.

Research on the relationship between aversive events and aggression indicates that aversive events often distract people from acting on their hostile intentions. frustration inevitably leads people to act aggressively. some individuals are more likely to be aggressive and commit aversive events. aversive events lead to hostility in males but not in females. hot temperatures often lead people to react to provocations with greater hostility.

hot temperatures often lead people to react to provocations with greater hostility.

Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be less attractive than themselves. insecure. submissive. more attractive than themselves. mature.

mature.

After a month of watching violent pornographic movies on late-night cable TV, Myron will probably be less likely to believe that women enjoy aggressive sexual treatment. less likely to be interesting in nonviolent pornography. more likely to interpret a woman's friendliness as sexual interest. more likely to believe that rape is a serious crime. less likely to believe that rape occurs quite frequently in society.

more likely to interpret a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

Mr. Maslova attends faculty meetings simply to gain the approval of the school principal. Mr. Maslova's behavior exemplifies the importance of deindividuation. normative social influence. ingroup bias. social facilitation. informational social influence.

normative social influence.

The rules of a culture for accepted and expected behavior are self-disclosure. prejudice. stereotypes. attitudes. norms.

norms.

When White university women withheld criticism of a flawed essay written by a Black fellow student, they demonstrated deindividuation. the other-race effect. the mere exposure effect. social traps. patronization.

patronization.

Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs? social exchange theory the two-factor theory of emotion cognitive dissonance theory the reciprocity norm attribution theory

social exchange theory

People heavily exposed to violent pornography are likely to engage in sexually aggressive behaviors that reflect a misleading two-factor theory. hindsight bias. bystander effect. social script. social-responsibility norm.

social script.

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of altruism. visual perception. conformity. aggression. learning.

visual perception.