Module 8

Since the term _____ refers to biological or physical distinctions, these characteristics will not vary significantly between different human societies. a) gender b) deviance c) sexual orientation d) sex

sex

includes both primary sex characteristics and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity

sex

prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another

sexism

physical, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female) and is divided into at least four categories: heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, asexuality

sexual orientation

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

sexuality

Mimicking the actions of _______ is the first step in the development of a separate sense of self, and children become agents who actively facilitate and apply normative gender expectations to those around them. a) stereotypes b) cross-cultural examples c) mass media d) significant others

significant others

The Seneca Falls Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in ______. It was the first women's rights convention which advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women." a) 1948 b) 1870 c) 1920 d) 1848

1848

Which woman was believed to have "heaved a brick through the rose-colored picture window of the American bungalow" by writing her book for the second wave of the women's movement? a) Gloria Steinem b) Sara Evans c) Margaret Sanger d) Betty Friedan

Betty Friedan

defined by technology and characterized by the #metoo and the #timesup movements

Fourth Wave Feminism

an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that focuses on the mismatches between anatomical sex, gender identity, and sexuality and highlights the need for a more flexible and fluid conceptualization of sexuality

Queer Theory

drew in women of color and developing nations seeking sisterhood and solidarity and demonstrate that race, class, and gender oppression are all related (ERA, Betty Friedan)

Second Wave Feminism

several diverse strains of feminist activity and study, arising partially as a response to the perceived failures of and backlash against second-wave feminism (mass media)

Third Wave Feminism

assumes sexual orientation is biologically determined and unambiguous

heteronormative society

the belief that men and women behave differently due to biological differences

biological determinism

The United States prides itself on being the land of the "free," a) and it is the most liberal when it comes to attitudes about sex, including sexual practices and sexual openness b) but it acts with total disapproval when it comes to attitudes about sex, including sexual practices and sexual openness c) in part, because it offers access to free sexual health education in all public schools d) but it is rather restrictive when it comes to its citizens general attitudes about sex compared to other industrialized nations

but it is rather restrictive when it comes to its citizens general attitudes about sex compared to other industrialized nations

According to the American Psychological Association, there is no scientific consensus why a person holds a heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation. Research has been conducted to study the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, a) but evidence indicates that the causes are mostly genetic and hormonal b) but evidence indicates that the causes are mostly developmental and social c) evidence suggests early interactions with the mother plays a significant role in one's sexual orientation d) but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor

but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor

What is considered "normal" in terms of sexual behavior is based on the mores and values of the society. Individuals are socialized to sexual attitudes a) by the Internet. b) by personal preference individually devised. c) through biological concerns. d) by their family, education system, peers, media, and religion.

by their family, education system, peers, media, and religion

an umbrella term used to describe people whose sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their birth sex

cisgender

both an ideology and institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations and is embedded in our social institutions

heterosexism

The reinforcement of socialized gender roles and stereotypes ________ once a child reaches school age. a) abates b) decreases c) stops d) continues

continues

Gender stratification through the division of labor is not exclusive to the United States, all societies classify work by gender. When a pattern appears in all societies, it is called a ________. a) cultural stereotype b) cultural decision c) class system d) cultural universal

cultural universal

By marginalizing the rights of women through gender inequality, we a) protect them from otherwise dangerous pursuits b) encourage them in their better-suited domestic endeavors c) build a strong family foundation with a matriarch at home d) deny ourselves the opportunity to lift men, women, and children out of poverty

deny ourselves the opportunity to lift men, women, and children out of poverty

When people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them

doing gender

the assumption that physiological sex differences between males and females are related to differences in their character, behavior, and ability

dominant gender ideology

The women's movement is also referred to as a) women's politics b) gender neutrality movement c) sexism d) feminism

feminism

a series of political campaigns for reforms on a variety of issues that affect women's quality of life

feminist movements

______ is a type of conflict theory that examines inequalities in gender-related issues. It uses the conflict approach to examine the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities. a) interactionist theory b) functionalist c) Marxist theory d) feminist theory

feminist theory

a person's deeply held internal perception of their behavior and attitudes based social expectations, accompanying physiological aspects of sex

gender

one demonstrates gender, behavior, and interactions

gender expression

the way that one thinks about gender and self-identities

gender identity

The term _______ is based on evidence that women and men are paid differently for similar work in the labor force, counting all full-time workers. a) gendered occupation analysis b) gender labor roles c) ability pay gap d) gender pay gap

gender pay gap

society's concept of how people are expected to look and how they should behave based on societally created norms for masculinity and femininity

gender role

Even in levels as low as kindeergarten, schools subtly convey messages to girls indicating that they are less intelligent or less important than boys. For example, in a study of teacher responses to male and female students data indicated that teachers praised male students far more than female students. Teachers interrupted girls more often and gave boys more opportunities to expand on their ideas. This is an example of a) situationalism b) gender consideration c) pedagogical methodology d) gender socialization

gender socialization

Which approach within feminist theory examines the overlapping identities a person has and how their tapestry of experiences affect their overall sense of identity? a) gender role theory b) standpoint theory c) matriarchy theory d) intersectional theory

intersectional theory

combines critical race theory, gender conflict theory and Marx's class theory, a "prism for understanding certain kinds of problems"

intersectional theory

a combination of primary sex characteristics, which can be referred to as Differences of Sexual Development

intersex

______ serves as a significant agent of gender socialization when in television and movies, women tend to have less significant roles and are often portrayed as wives or mothers. a) cross-cultural selection b) stereotypical socialization c) legislative bias d) mass media

mass media

Women work __________ than men. a) more paid hours b) fewer unpaid hours c) about the same unpaid hours d) more unpaid hours

more unpaid hours

a set of institutional structures that are based on the belief that men and women are dichotomous and unequal categories

patriarchy

the way in which socially created definitions shape the way people see and experience sexuality

social construction of sexuality

(Dorothy Smith) a key innovation in sociology that enabled these issues to be seen and addressed in a systematic way by examining one's position in life

standpoint theory

_______ theory views the family as the most integral component of society, so assumptions about gender roles within marriage assume a prominent place in this perspective. a) social conflict theory b) feminist theory c) symbolic interactionist d) structural functional

structural functional

A person's sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. Therefore, a) it does not matter if the term sex or gender is used in social science b) it is not understood what the differences between sex and gender are in social science c) it is common practice in the social sciences to assume sex and gender are the same d) the terms sex and gedner are not interchangeable

the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable

Women's pay decreases on average relative to men once ________, and men's pay increases. a) hourly employees become salaried b) the domestic chores become equalized within the relationship c) they lose special work licenses d) there are children in the family

there are children in the family

people whose sense of personal identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transgender