Module Eleven (Ch 15 & 16) Practice Quiz

_____, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Working memory

_____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood.

Wrinkles and age spots

Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is true?

Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.

_____ memory is memory without conscious recollection.

Implicit

Olivia believes that the more dynamic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus, she believes in

activity theory.

Which of the following is a way of preventing osteoporosis in middle-aged women?

avoiding smoking

It is observed that respect for older adults is greater in _____ cultures than in _____ cultures.

collectivistic; individualistic

Which of the following is a probable reason for the decline in working memory in older adults?

increased distractibility

Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by

looking forward to death.

Identify the personality traits in the Big Five factors of personality that are associated with severe depression in older adults.

low conscientiousness and extraversion and high neuroticism

Older adults characterized by _____ do not live as long as those who display _____.

negative affect; positive affect

When he was interviewed at 80 years of age, Arthur Rubinstein said that he spent more time at practice than earlier in his life. This helped maintain his status as an admired concert pianist. Which aspect of Baltes's theory does this reflect?

optimization

Identify the possible double jeopardy for elderly ethnic minority individuals.

racism and ageism

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is

their ability to cope effectively with stress.

According to Erik Erikson's developmental stages, which of the following is the resolution an individual is most likely to experience if he or she is in the last stage of human development?

wisdom

The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

"use it or lose it"

Based on the ways cells divide, Hayflick places the upper limit of the human life-span potential at about _____ years of age.

120 to 125

According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of

75 to 80 times.

Which of the following is true of altruism and volunteering in adults?

A common perception is that older adults need to be given help rather than give help themselves.

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

Arthritis

Which of the following is true of the usage of Internet among older adults?

Increasing numbers of older adults use e-mail to communicate with relatives.

Which of the following is true of implicit memory?

It involves skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.

Which of the following is true of selective optimization with compensation theory?

It states that older adults can continue to lead satisfying lives, although in a more restricted manner.

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?

John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend.

Remembering where a person went on vacation last summer is an example of _____ memory.

episodic

_____ is a cognitive resource that involves the ability to perform tasks such as deciding whether pairs of two-digit or two-letter strings are the same or different or determining the time required to step on the brakes when the car directly ahead stops.

Perceptual speed

Which of the following is true of divorce or remarriage in older adults?

Rising divorce rates, increased longevity, and better health have led to an increase in remarriage among older adults.

Which of the following statements is true of mTOR pathway theory?

Some scientists argue that the mTOR pathway is linked to longevity, the successful outcomes of calorie restriction, and reducing cognitive decline.

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as

ageism.

Nathan just celebrated his 100th birthday. It can be said that Nathan is a(n) _____.

centenarian

Studies on the Big Five factors of personality found that transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in the aspects of impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. To which Big Five personality factor do these aspects belong?

conscientiousness

During which stage in life are married individuals likely to find themselves having to care for a sick partner with a limiting health condition?

late adulthood

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of _____ attention.

selective

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

semantic

Frank, aged 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's _____ memory.

semantic

Perceptual speed shows considerable decline in late adulthood and is strongly linked to declines in

working memory.