module exam 9

Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia ?

Hyperglycemia

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is correct ?

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly .

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to mL of internal blood loss .

1,000

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below

95 ° F ( 35 ° C ) .

The most significant hazard associated with splinting is :

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following , except

pale skin

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse might cause :

ventricular fibrillation .

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat - related emergency ?

Diuretics

Which of the following would be the least likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89 ° F ( 32 ° C ) and 92 ° F ( 33 ° C ) ?

Muscle activity increases

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life ?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following joints allows no motion ?

Skull sutures

Heatstroke occurs when :

a person's core body temperature rises above 103 ° F ( 39 ° C ) .

To assess a patient's general body temperature , pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the

abdomen

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish , a man complains of severe pain to his leg , dizziness , and difficulty breathing . He has a red rash covering his trunk , and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg . The EMT should

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport .

An open fracture is most accurately defined as a fracture in which :

an external wound is present over the fracture site .

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to :

blood - clotting abnormalities .

All of the following snakes are pit vipers , except for the

coral snake .

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a :

dislocation

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the :

distal radius .

A 17 - year old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer . Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain You should

gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint

A 17 - year - old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle . He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it . Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle . After assessing distal pulse , sensory , and motor functions , you should :

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe .

For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism :

it must evaporate from the body .

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of :

mottling and blisters .

Deformity caused by a fracture would most likely be masked by :

swelling

In general , musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless :

the patient is clinically unstable .

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below :

90 ° F ( 32 ° C ) .

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would most likely result in deformity ?

Displaced fracture

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick . The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area . Your assessment reveals a small , painful blister on her inner thigh . As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs , she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago . On the basis of this patient's presentation , you should suspect :

Lyme disease

You are assessing a 33 - year - old male who complains of severe abdominal pain , weakness , and nausea . He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden sharp pain on the back of his hand . Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation You should suspect :

a black widow spider bite .

Signs of late heatstroke include :

a weak , rapid pulse .

A construction worker's arm was severed just above the elbow when a steel girder fell on it . The stump is covered with a blood soaked towel . The patient's skin is cool , clammy , and pale . The EMT should :

apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder .

During your assessment of a 29 - year - old female with significant deformity to her left elbow , you are unable to palpate a radial pulse . Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes You should :

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse .

After direct trauma to the left upper back , a 44 year - old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness . His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg , his pulse rate is 120 beats / min and weak , and his respirations are 24 breaths / min and labored . Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula . You should :

apply high - flow oxygen , consider spinal precautions , and transport without delay .

A 76 - year - old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store . Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur , just above the knee . Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact . You should

apply padded board splints to both sides of the leg .

Regarding musculoskeletal injuries , the zone of injury is defined as the

area of soft - tissue damage surrounding the injury .

In moving joints , the ends of the bones are covered with :

articular cartilage

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder . Upon arrival , you find the patient , a 17 - year old male , sitting on the ground . He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body . There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury . You should :

assess distal pulse , motor , and sensory functions .

A 30 - year - old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours . The outside temperature is 30 ° F ( -1 ° C ) . He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance , where you perform a primary assessment . He is unresponsive , pale , and apneic . You should :

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds .

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning . When you arrive , you find three patients The first patient is lying supine on the ground ; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing . The second patient is ambulatory , appears confused and is holding his arm against his chest . The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head . After calling for backup you should :

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse , begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless , and attach the automated external defibrillator as soon as possible

A 21 - year - old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear ended a car that was stopped at a red light . He was wearing a helmet , which he removed prior to your arrival . He is conscious but restless and has closed deformities to both of his femurs . His skin is pale , his heart rate is rapid and weak , and his respirations are rapid and shallow . You should

bind his legs together on the backboard , keep him warm , and transport without delay .

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because :

blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg the EMT should :

compare it to the uninjured leg .

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering .

During your secondary assessment of a 19 year - old female with multiple traumas , you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur . Her skin is diaphoretic , and her pulse is rapid and weak . Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes :

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting .

When splinting an injury of the wrist , the hand should be placed :

in a functional position .

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by :

increasing the metabolic rate .

A 17 - year - old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer . Her knee is flexed , and she complains of severe pain . You should

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints .

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes :

keeping the leg at the level of the heart .

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called :

ligaments

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face - down in the water Nobody claims to have witnessed the event After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient , you should :

move him as a unit to a supine position .

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16 - year - old male who fainted . The outside temperature is approximately 95 ° F ( 35 ° C ) with high humidity . Upon your arrival , the patient is conscious alert , and complains of nausea and a headache . His skin is cool , clammy , and pale . You should

move him into the cooled ambulance

The most common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is :

neurovascular compromise .

Your assessment of a 23 - year - old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4 ° F ( 34 ° C ) . She is conscious , answers your questions appropriately , is shivering , and complains of nausea . Her skin is cold and pale , her muscles appear rigid , and her respirations are rapid . You should :

place heat packs to her groin , axillae , and behind her neck ; cover her with warm blankets ; and avoid rough handling

A 77 - year - old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip . She denies striking her head or losing consciousness Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated Distal pulses , sensory , and motor functions are intact . You should :

place her onto a scoop stretcher , pad around her left hip with pillows , and secure her to the scoop with straps

The most reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is :

point tenderness .

A 45 - year - old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear - ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed . She is conscious and alert but complains of pain to both of her knees . There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle . In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees , you should be most suspicious for :

posterior hip dislocation .

A 30 - year - old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia after an injury that occurred the day before . The patient's leg is pale , and he is unable to move his foot . The EMT should suspect that :

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated .

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to :

prevent further injury .

You are transporting a 28 - year - old man with a frostbitten foot . The patient's vital signs are stable , and he denies any other injuries or symptoms . The weather is treacherous , and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes . During transport , you should :

protect the affected part from further injury

A 20 - year - old male was pulled from cold water by his friends . The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed . You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow , weak pulse . You should :

provide rescue breathing , remove his wet clothing , immobilize his entire spine , keep him warm , and transport carefully .

A patient with a core body temperature of 95 ° F ( 35 ° C ) will most likely experience :

rapid breathing .

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed to :

reduce pain and swelling .

The pectoral girdle consists of the :

scapulae and clavicles .

You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia . The patient is conscious , alert , and actively shivering . His respiratory rate is increased , but his breathing is unlabored , and the pulse oximeter reads 72 % . The pulse oximetry reading is most likely

secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities .

A 20 - year - old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder . Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder . The EMT should suspect :

separation of the acromioclavicular joint

A 31 - year - old male fell and landed on his left elbow . Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed , his forearm is cool and pale , and the distal pulse is barely palpable . His vital signs are stable , and he denies any other injuries . Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 12 minutes . You should

splint the elbow in the position found and transport .

A 22 - year - old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head - on . As you approach her , you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs . She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious . You should :

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment .

During your secondary assessment of a 30 year - old male who fell 25 feet , you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis . Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg , and his heart rate is 120 beats / min and weak . After completing your assessment you should :

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine .

You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh . As you apply manual traction , the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse . You should :

stop and splint the leg in the deformed position

A 31 - year - old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress . Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling . In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance , further care for this patient should include :

supine positioning , splinting the leg , and transporting .

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival , the only way to confirm the injury is by noting :

the patient history .

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by :

too rapid of an ascent .

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere .