Motivation and Emotion - Chapter 5
Aphagia
Undereating.
Emotions
Complex feeling states that include predictable physiological arousal, cognitions, and behaviors.
Motivation
Conscious and unconscious forces that initiate and direct behavior.
Cognitive dissonance
A conflict between cognitions regarding behaviors, beliefs, values, desires, and so on.
Obesity
A disorder involving excessive body fat that can lead to significant health issues.
Psychological hedonism
A psychological approach suggesting that humans are ultimately motivated by a desire for pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
Drive
A state of motivation to act in a particular way to satisfy a need.
Need for achievement
A strong desire to excel, meet some inner standard of excellence, and do well.
Arousal theory
A theory stating that individuals behave in a way to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Instincts
An innate, consistent response to stimuli.
Self-actualization
An ongoing process in which an organism attempts to reach its full potential.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
An optimal level of arousal exists for different behaviors and this level varies both for different individuals and for different behaviors.
Physiological needs
Basic needs to satisfy internal functions of an organism.
Psychological needs
Needs such as affection, belonging, achievement, independence, social recognition, and self esteem that drive behavior.
Anorexia nervosa
Psychological disorder characterized by being significantly underweight.
Bulimia nervosa
Psychological disorder characterized by binging and purging.
Binge-eating disorder
Psychological disorder characterized by excessive binging; however, the individual does not engage in purging behaviors.
Drive reduction
Behaviors that reduce an individual's drive state.
Electrodermal response
Electrical conductivity of the skin.
Estrogen
Female sex hormone.
Meta needs
Higher-level needs related to an organism's tendency toward psychological growth.
Self-efficacy
Judgements and personal evaluations of one's own competence.
Hyperphagia
Overeating caused by intense sensations and hunger drives.
Entity theory
The belief that intelligence is fixed and unchanging.
Incremental theory
The belief that intelligence is not fixed and can be improved upon with effort.
Expectancy-value theory
The belief that motivation is determined by the expectancy of success and the value of the reward.
Attribution theory
The causes that people attach to the behaviors of themselves or others.
Nominal fallacy
The faulty assumption that naming something explains it.
Incentive motivation
The greater the subjective value fo an item or reward, the more someone is motivated to achieve the item or reward.
Arousal
The physiological aspects of emotion that can be detected and measured.
Locus of control
When people attribute their successes or failures to internal or external factors.
Androgens
a male sex hormone, such as testosterone.
