Multicultural Families Final Exam

Why were Japanese Americans allowed to return home after being imprisoned in internment camps before the war ended?

The Supreme Court ruled the internment unconstitutional.

The controversial social movement #BlackLivesMatter has been criticized by some Whites who assume it suggests that White lives do not matter. According to the text, this attitude is most likely rooted in what sociological phenomenon?

the tendency of privileged groups to think that acknowledgement of another group's subjugation undermines their own position

The powerful advocacy organization, the AARP, opposed the repeal of the Affordable Care Act and the approval of the American Health Care Act in 2017. What was likely the primary reason for this position?

The American Health Care Act would have negatively impacted the healthcare options of many older Americans.

Angel, a newly-arrived Puerto Rican man in New York, is confused by the racial organization in the city, in part because Puerto Ricans view race as a continuum rather than discrete categories as mainlanders do. What other factor might contribute to Angel's confusion?

the difference in the relationship between social class and race

What social policy increased the number of Chinese children adopted in the U.S.?

the one-child policy

In 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7-2 in United States v. Lara, which established what?

the right of tribal governments to right to prosecute all American Indians, regardless of affiliation, for crimes that occur on the reservation

Which of these benefits was provided to Native American tribes by the 1976 Indian Health Care Improvement Act?

the sharing of facilities with veterans' hospitals

Jonathan believes that, as a highly educated Black man, he is in a special position to serve and support the rest of the Black community and help them to achieve equality. Jonathan likely considers himself a member of what social group?

the talented tenth

Which of the following scenarios would be exempted from protections by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1968?

Acme Corp hires a new director of marketing at a lower salary because the previous director had a much higher salary due to seniority.

Relatively few Black immigrants moved to the U.S. after the Civil War compared to other groups. In part, this is caused by legal restrictions on the immigration of Blacks. What other factor might play a role, according to the text?

Black people from other nations were aware of the restrictions and inequalities targeted at Black citizens so were hesitant to come to the country.

Environmental factors in schools can have a significant impact on the educational outcomes of black students. One serious issue is de facto segregation. What impact does this phenomenon have on educational outcomes?

Black students often attend racially segregated schools due to patterns of residential segregation, and research shows positive effects of racial integration on educational outcomes.

Compared to Whites, African Americans have higher unemployment rates. Which of the following best explains why this might be the case?

Blacks are more likely to live in poor urban communities than Whites

Makya is a Native American high school student. He is considering leaving school because he feels that the curriculum is not respectful of his heritage. Which of these sentences best explains Makya's position?

Educational efforts for Native American children have historically focused on assimilation into White culture.

The issue of English language use in the U.S. is politically charged and has become a means to justify discrimination among anti-immigration and anti-Latino groups. How has the Latino community responded to this maltreatment, with regard to English language acquisition?

English becomes the primary language spoken by second and third generation immigrants

What is the difference between how the United States and Great Britain view issues of disability in the current era?

Great Britain views disability as an entitlement issue and the U.S. views it as civil rights issue.

Which of the following groups most likely needs to have a deep understanding of the daily application of the laws of the kashrut?

Hasidic Jewish women

According to controversial author William J. Wilson in his book The Declining Significance of Race what shift in policy is necessary to address ongoing inequality in the United States for African Americans?

He claims that policies need to be developed to address class inequality rather than racial inequality.

The Muslim faith is based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammad, and the writings of the Qur'an. However, it shares traditions, texts, and its origin with other religious traditions. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Islam and other world religions?

Islam is most similar to Christianity, as they worship the same deity and share important figures and holy texts.

In Israel, the Law of Return defines Jews as any person who has at least one Jewish grandparent or whose spouse has at least one Jewish grandparent or who has converted to Judaism. Why is this important?

It extends Israeli citizenship to all Jews.

One of the first large-scale migrations of Jews to North American began in 1654 due to which of the following events?

Jews originally from Spain and Portugal were expelled from several nations.

What political action committee focused on fighting back against the Trump administration's plans to end sanctuary cities, remove civil-rights protections, and detain illegal immigrants?

Latino Victory Fund

Changing birth and immigration patterns have led to shifts in lives of Mexican Americans and Latinos in general and as a result, they are undergoing some profound social changes in family structure. Which of the following best describes this transformation?

Latino households are growing less familistic and more individualistic.

Mauricio is a Salvadoran immigrant who immigrated to the United States due to high rates of crime and social upheaval in his home nation. He is highly educated and has become a successful doctor in the U.S. Which of these is the best description of his status in relation to his home nation?

Mauricio is an example of the problem of brain drain in El Salvador.

Gun violence and mass shootings are an ongoing problem in the United States. However, researchers have identified a pattern of victim discounting in relating to crimes in Black communities. Which of these is an example of victim discounting?

Police consider a shooting in a black neighborhood to be a result of a dysfunctional community.

The contemporary gay and lesbian civil rights movement dates its beginning to June 28, 1969. What event is considered the beginning of this movement?

Police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar, and sparked protests in New York City.

What are the contemporary consequences of historical patterns of placement for low-income and income-based housing projects?

Poor Blacks are disproportionately segregated in low income inner city neighborhoods.

Judaism has several denominations that share some similarities but also have significant differences. Which of these denominations has the highest level of affiliation?

Reform

In the last two presidential elections, Latino voters have backed Democratic candidates over Republican candidates at high rates. Which of the following might best explain this phenomenon?

Republican policies and tone on immigration have alienated many Latinos.

Biyu is a Chinese girl who arrived in the U.S. in the 1980s and lived in the Chinatown region of New York City. She struggled to find work because of her limited language skills. Which of the following was the most likely source of employment for Biyu?

She worked in a U.S.-based sweatshop for less than minimum wage.

Which of the following best describes the way in which stereotypes of Chinese parenting discussed in the text, may reinforce the model minority myth?

Stereotypes suggest that Chinese mothers are stricter and more competitive than other mothers.

The majority of Muslim Americans are followers of what denomination?

Sunni Muslims

Which of the following best explains the relationship between Zionism, Diaspora, and the Israeli/Palestinian conflict?

The Diaspora refers to the expulsion of Jews from their ancestral homeland in the region now known as Palestine, and Zionism is a movement to return and create a Jewish state.

Reservation lands often have natural resources as well as significant scenic beauty. Which of these is the best explanation for why Native American reservations might struggle to benefit from land use agreements with non-Indians?

The federal government often stepped in and changed final agreements so that they benefitted non-Indian groups rather than to the residents of the reservations.

Which of the following best explains the shifts in the income gap between Latinos and Whites in the last 30 years?

The gap has remained consistent.

Which of these best explains why mental health disorders such as depression are higher among adolescent lesbian and gay youth than heterosexuals?

They are more likely to be subject to prejudice and discrimination based on their sexuality than heterosexuals.

Which of the following perceptions of disability in the U.S. best demonstrates labeling, according to labeling theory?

Viewing a person as being fully defined by their disability.

One of the most controversial elements of modern Islam is related to the religious customs of female clothing. Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism, among other faiths, have customs that are intended to preserve female modesty. Among Muslims, this practice has become highly contested both within and outside the faith. Which of these statements best explains the attitude held toward the practice by women, inside and outside of the faith?

Women fall into three general categories, those who see wearing a hijab as an individual choice, those who see it as a normalized religious duty, and those who view it as oppressive.

Which of the following best explains the decline in the importance of clans among young Chinese Americans?

Young Chinese Americans are increasingly acculturated.

Which of the following best demonstrates the adaption of the Catholic Church to the needs of Latinos?

a congregation that chooses to celebrate Dia de los Muertos

In the late 1960s, the term Red Power emerged from the activism of Native American civil rights groups. Which of the following best explains Red Power?

a unified sense of collective identity that seeks the redress of grievances among Native American tribes toward the federal government

Chloe is a poor Black single mother who is the primary wage earner in her family as well as primary caretaker, and has been successful in caring for her family. Chloe is an example of which of the primary strengths of African American families?

adaptability of family roles

What was the primary goal of the government policies toward Native Americans during the nineteenth century?

advance White people's interests and force Native Americans to assimilate

Many contemporary Mexican Americans use the term La Raza, to refer to their pride in their combined Spanish, Native American, and Mexican heritage. Which of the following is an example of an approach to immigration that may be problematic for those who celebrate La Raza?

assimilation

Vishal and his parents are Indian American immigrants who are attempting to decide how they each feel about the traditional East Indian customs surrounding marriage. Vishal does not feel confident in attracting a good spouse, but also worries about who his parents might select for him, and wants to have involvement in the selection. What practice might be a good fit for Vishal?

assisted marriage

The fish-ins that were conducted by Native American activists beginning in 1964 successfully raised public awareness and brought about an end to violations of the 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek. This is an example of which of the following?

civil disobedience

A beauty advertisement for a product that claims to lighten skin tone demonstrates which type of social issue?

colorism

The actions of Sima Rabinowicz, who refused to give up her bus seat to an Orthodox man, were upheld in U.S. courts. This is an example of what kind of conflict?

conflict between secular laws and religious laws

Samira is a teenage Arab American girl, who struggles with some members of her community who consider her inability to speak Arabic and her non-Arab boyfriend to make her "too American." What social theory best explains Samira's experience?

deficit model of ethnic identity

Social attitudes and public policies toward the immigration of Mexicans to the U.S. has changed over time. At some points immigrants were welcomed or even brought in, and at other points rejected or forcibly removed. What is the primary driver shaping attitudes and policies in the U.S.?

economic conditions and the need for Mexican labor in the U.S.

The Matthew Shepard Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in response to the murder of Matthew Shepard, a University of Wyoming student, in 1998. This act was intended to do what?

extend hate-crime protection to gays and lesbians

Which of the following best demonstrates anti-Semitism in the contemporary era?

groups that argue that the Holocaust never occurred

Adam is a member of a political group that has long held the belief that Muslims are dangerous and should be refused entry into the United States, and not allowed to practice their religion. Until recently, Adam's views were considered radical by people outside his group. However, in the last two years Adam has been hearing political leaders indicating that they share his views. This is an example of what phenomenon?

increasing evidence of casual Islamophobia

What additional area of social inequality contributes to low rates of educational attainment for African Americans?

high rates of poverty

Statistically, children under 12 in Asian and Hispanic households in the U.S. are more likely to eat with a parent every day than White children. This might be the result of what pattern?

higher rates of familism among Asian and Hispanic cultures

Which of these is an example of one of the problems that Jewish families face today, in emphasizing the family as a main means of transmitting Jewish identity?

increased mobility among young Jews

During World War II, Filipinos were accepted into what position in the U.S. navy?

kitchen workers

The Tuskegee syphilis study, the exclusion of Black people from biomedical studies and pharmaceutical trials, and poor and ineffective healthcare for African Americans are examples of what kind of problem?

medical apartheid

Richard is a small-business owner who owns a successful technology company. He prefers to hire Chinese American or Japanese American employees over other groups because he thinks they are smart, hardworking, and undemanding employees. He gets frustrated when his Asian American employees need assistance or additional training because they do not live up to his expectations. Richard holds the belief that Asian Americans are __________.

model minorities

Donald Trump's ban on allowing immigrants and refugees from several Muslim majority countries to enter the U.S. is an example of what kind of social policy?

nativism

Which of these was the primary force for northward movement from Central and South America during the 1960s?

perceived economic opportunities

A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, became an important figure in the fight for racial equality. His is best known for which legislative achievement?

racial desegregation of the armed forces

During the era immediately after the Civil War, Black and White citizens had unprecedented levels of interaction, including interracial marriage and shared access to education. This time period is known as __________.

reconstruction

Policies that have been created by banks and other mortgage lenders can create barriers for financing among African Americans. What set of policies has been a source of concern since the 1990s?

redlining

Which of these policies is a concern for voting rights advocates because it disproportionately limits the ability of Black citizens to vote?

requiring photo ID's to vote

Asian Pacific Americans are grouped together by the U.S. Bureau of the Census based on what characteristic?

shared geographic region of origin

Eve lived in the southern United States during the pre-Civil War era and was forbidden from learning to read or getting married. Eve is most likely subject to what set of laws?

slave codes

Considering the history of Jews over the centuries, what is the most common source of anti-Semitism among non-Jews, otherwise known as Gentiles?

stereotypes of Jews as treacherous

Latinos have fewer financial resources to fall back on than do White citizens due to the wealth gap. What historic event has increased this gap in recent years?

the Great Recession

What event near the end of World War II may have decreased hostility toward the Japanese American population?

the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on two Japanese cities, Nagasaki and Hiroshima

Based on the theories presented in the text, the widespread practice of commemorating and idealizing Confederate history and symbols in many parts of the U.S. demonstrates which of the following phenomena?

the marginalization of slavery as a significant social and historical event

One ongoing controversy for Native Americans is their right to practice their religious traditions without the interference of non-Indian groups. Which of the following best demonstrates the complex nature of this problem?

the use of peyote, an illegal drug, in traditional Native American religious practices

Why were large numbers of laborers from China, Portugal, and Japan imported to Hawai'i in the nineteenth century?

to work on sugarcane plantations

Richard is a young man who lives in the U.S. and was born biologically female. Richard is comfortable with himself and is not interested in surgical transitions. Which contemporary identity group Richard most likely to be identified with?

transgender

Compared to the rest of the U.S. population, the elderly are most likely to also be members of what subordinated group?

women

What theory best explains the policies created by European settlers and targeted at Native Americans?

world system theory

The Hmong of Wausau, Wisconsin first came to the area at the invitation of religious groups who hoped to help the refugee population. However, chain immigration played a significant role in the expansion of the Hmong community there. Which of the following best explains how chain immigration increases population?

An immigrant sponsors several other immigrants who, after they are settled, sponsor still more immigrants.

The term Arab American is generally used to refer to those whose ancestors come from countries that are now understood to be part of the Arab world, however it is a complex and contested identity. Which of these aspects of Arab identity is a significant, but not universal, unifying force among Arabs?

Arabic language

Similarities between the treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II and Muslim Americans in recent years have sparked debate. Which of the following is an example of the position held by anti-Muslim factions with regard to the imprisonment of Japanese Americans?

Arguments that justify the imprisonment of Japanese Americans into internment camps should be taught in school.

Recent political arguments aimed at restricting the immigration of highly educated workers to the United States have included recommendations to restructure the H-1B visa program. This will likely have the most significant impact on which of the following groups?

Asian Indian technology workers

Which of the following is an example of a nonsectarian educational institution founded by Jewish Americans?

Brandeis University

In 2003, 144,513 Muslim men were required to report to the __________ to be fingerprinted, photographed and interviewed, in an effort to locate "domestic terrorists."

Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services

One of the most complex issues facing Puerto Rico is the issue of statehood versus self-rule. Those who are concerned about the loss of Puerto Rican cultural identity may also oppose statehood. Which of the following might be an example of an issue that could impact cultural identity if statehood were granted to Puerto Rico?

English-only requirements in the school system

Tension exists within Cuban immigrant communities related to the arrival of the Marielitos during the third wave of Cuban immigration in the 1980s. Which of the following best explains why the Marielitos had such a complex impact on the Cuban community?

Fidel Castro arranged to send a small number of people with drug and behavior problems along with the rest of the immigrants during the third wave of Cuban immigration.

Isi was a young girl from the Choctaw tribe who was forced to move with her tribe to Oklahoma, many of whom died as a result. By what policy was Isi most likely impacted?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

James lives in the southeastern United States, in an area known as the borderlands. He has considered the implications of building a wall along the U.S. border. What position is James statistically most likely to hold?

James very likely opposes building a wall.

Kimiko is a Japanese citizen who enjoys U.S. culture and history and has considered emigrating, but has elected to stay in Japan. What element of Japanese identity might discourage Kimiko from leaving?

Japanese citizens enjoy a high standard of living in their home nation.

What nationality is universally considered to be Middle Eastern by experts as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau?

Lebanese

What group inhabited the island of Puerto Rico prior to it being claimed by Spain in 1493?

Taíno Indians

Slavery was introduced in much of the Western Hemisphere by European settlers. However, the Native Hawaiians were never enslaved by settlers. Why was that the case?

Native Hawaiians were a united monarchy, which Europeans respected.

What is the significance of Puerto Rico's shift to Associated Free State in 1948, in comparison to earlier statuses?

Puerto Rico was able to elect its own governor.

Which of these statements best demonstrates the relationship between racial and ethnic minorities and disabled people in the U.S.?

Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to experience disabilities and also to have less access to assistance than dominant groups.

Robert was a poor Black man who participated in rioting during the 1960s. What is most likely to be true about Robert?

Robert was most likely frustrated by the degree to which White citizens have access to better jobs and higher incomes.

What role do churches play, apart from religious services, for Korean American communities?

They create a sense of connection and practical way to meet other Korean Americans.

In what way did recent voter laws in North Carolina undermine the Voting Rights Act?

They included legislation that disproportionately impacted Black citizens' ability to vote.

What was the primary economic driver that encouraged Puerto Ricans to come to the mainland prior to WWII?

They often came due to farm contracts extended by the U.S. government.

What best describes the position of White slave holders toward religion during the pre-Civil War era?

They often forced slaves to convert to a Christianity.

What was an important achievement of the United Farm Workers?

They succeeded in making local governments more aware of the exploitation of migrant laborers.

What was the impact of Executive Order 9066 on Japanese American-born citizens?

They were imprisoned in government created internment camps without their consent.

Consider why being viewed as a model minority is problematic, not only for individuals, but also for Asian Pacific Americans as a whole?

This view may contribute to color-blind racism.

The denomination of Black Muslims known as the Nation of Islam was founded in the U.S. by W. Fard Muhammad in the 1930s. Due to its position regarding the social position of Black people, this denomination often comes into conflict with other Muslim American traditions. Which of the following best explains this tension?

W. Fard Muhammad taught that Black Muslims were naturally superior to other people.