MUS 301 Final Exam
Identify three of the unique cultural practices associated with Rastafarianism
Terminology of I and I is now we, marijuana as a sacramental herb, and wearing dreadlocks.
Who was attention focused on in disco?
The DJ who played in the nightclubs.
Who does your textbook call "the first bonafide punk rock band" and who did they influence?
The Ramones
What are the pop rock forerunners and the traits of it?
The Stooges: -Iggy pop -had outrageous stage performances The New York dolls: -had underground rock scene -rise in early punk
What began in 1981 that changed the way the music industry operated?
The development of MTV
What first popularized reggae in the U.S.?
The film "The Harder They Come" and it's respective soundtrack album.
What is sampling? (See the glossary.)
digital recording sound is recorded with a microphone and stored in a computer.
What was the typical instrumentation for a funk band?
electric bass and drums
Michael Jackson
extremely talented artist and musician. Good signing and dancing at the age of 11. 1982 album "Thriller" video replace live performances for promotion of album. MTV changed it all. video itself could be an art form -Short films song is soundtrack -exclusive music back in 80's
What was the cultural style of punk?
rebellion against authority and rejection of middle class values
What did disco represent a reaction against?
rejection of torn t-shirt of rock music, reinstatement of classiness
How did radio change in the 1980s?
shift from AOR to classic rock
What about John Lydon was "highly influential on later rockers"?
sneering obscenities at the audience
According to your textbook, what was the core of funk music?
strong rhythmic groove
Who was the lead singer of Talking Heads and what kind of an image did he create for himself?
David Byrne, cerebral but nerdy college student, new nerdy variety of cool.
Holiday in Cambodia
Dead Kennedys
What was "the first real threat to rock's dominance since its inception"?
Disco
What musicians of the 1990s did George Clinton influence?
Dr. Dre and Red Hot Chili Peppers
What earlier musical styles did Bruce Springsteen draw on for his music in the 1970s and 1980s?
Draw on Phil Spector "Wall of Sound" production in the early sixties. 1950s rock 'n' roll
What "new and more affordable devices for producing and manipulating sound" became available in the 1980s?
Drum machines, sequencers, and samplers MIDI
Black Sabbath
Earth was original name -na;me inspired by horror film for new name. Ozzy Osbourne- plays aggression, no messiah trying to change world, "War Pigs"-1971 antiwar song -witchs, black masses, evil, denstructing, death, hatred, poison, bodies burning expression of dark images attracts a lot of young alienated groups
Synth Pop
synthesisen purely electronic instrument became affordable Eurythmics- "Sweet Dreams (ARe Made of this)"- 1983 -Made on top of afactory -Punk rock hop hop and DYM were influenced
What are some of the controversies that Madonna has created?
Recording and videos reinforce negative old views of stereotyping women.
What is the first musical style of the rock era to originate in the Third World?
Reggae
What musical style was an important influence on several British punk acts?
Reggae
What musical style was a bridge between ska and reggae?
Rock Steady
"Walk This Way"
Run D.M.C
According to your textbook, who were "perhaps the most influential rap act in history"?
Run D.M.C were one of the most influential rap act in history.
What was the relation between Michael Jackson and Paul McCarthy?
Sang on each other albums Jackson had 8 top hits. Opened the door for albums by black artist to be as popular as white artist.
What film helped introduce disco to the pop mainstream?
Saturday Night Fever
What turntable technique became an important part of the sonic palette in Hip-hop music?
Scratching became an important part of sonic palette in hip-hop music.
What was the most outrageous British punk band, who created it and who was the lead singer?
Sex Pistols, created by Malcolm Mclaren and the lead singer was John Lyden
Who am I (What's my name?)
Snoop Doggy Dogg
How does the textbook contrast soul and funk?
Soul was black spirituality uplifting, funk was the down to earth.
"Psycho Killer"
Talking Heads
What band best represented the "self-consciously artistic" side of punk?
Talking Heads
Eurodisco was an important root of what later musical style?
Techno
How does reggae differ from ska and rock steady?
Tempo slower with wide space, rid-dims by guitar bass and drum. BASS drum combo is core of reggae
What visual media were significant in boosting the popularity of Thriller?
25 years of Motown
Why was MTV not just the television equivalent of an AOR radio station?
AOR was one choice for radio listeners, but MTV was the only choice for television.
In its early years, why did MTV play almost no videos by black musicians?
All white rock music format
Why was punk more popular in Britain than in the U.S.?
America was too affluent, too comfortable for the aggressive sound that was punk, while in recession plagued Britain it was more accepted
Briefly describe Rastafarianism
Back to Africa
Who were the first commercially successful white act in hip-hop?
Beastie boys
What band is generally considered to be the first real heavy metal group?
Black Sabbath is considered the first real heavy metal group.
Who were some of the important bands that played at CBGBs in the 1970s and what did those bands have in common?
Blank Generation The Patti Smith Band The Ramones
Who were some of the other groups to play at CBGBs in the 1970s?
Blonide, Richard Hell.
"I Shot The Sheriff"
Bob Marley
Who was "reggae's most effective international ambassador"?
Bob Marley
What musicians played with both James Brown and George Clinton? (Make sure to include the keyboardist featured in the documentary.)
Bootsy" Collins (bassist), Maceo Parker (sax), Fred Wesley (trombonist
What do Madonna and Prince have in common?
Both artistic egos. Both good at manipulating mass media. Relied on television and sought to blur convention of race sex and boundaries.
Born in the U.S.A
Bruce Springsteen
In what New York City club did punk first take shape?
CBGB
Reggae is a mixture of what two musical styles?
Caribbean Folk and American R&B
What forced MTV to start featuring African-American artists?
Columbia Records treated to ban its white groups from MTV
What new recording medium was first used in 1983?
Compact discs
What kinds of clubs were influential in the development of disco music?
Dance clubs
Punk was both a musical genre and a_________
cultural style
Who was second in popularity to Michael Jackson in the late '80s through the '90s?
Madonna
In the 1980s, what two new superstars were particularly adept at manipulating the mass media?
Madonna and Prince
Public Enemy
1989 "yo bum rush the show" chuck D- "black CNN." very literate words and black nationalist words bomb squad: sampling "night of the living baseheads" 1987- 1988
What were the Sex Pistols" two best-known singles?
"Anarchy in The UK" and "God Save The Queen"
Nirvana
"Nevermind"-1991 "Smells like Teen Spirit" Kurt Cobain grunge -lyrics vague and uninteligble. have some pop hooks verse/ chorus A verse/chorus A guitar solo B verse/chorus A
Grand master Flash
"TheMessage"- words that are socially awake. - 1982 - Hit on dance charts
What is the top-selling album in history?
"Thriller", by Micheal Jackson
On page 258, how does your textbook characterize Thriller and Born In The U.S.A.?
"Thriller": Pop dedicated to showcasing his versatility "Born in The USA": Working class, roots in rock, concerned with country's past.
Run-DMC
"Walk This Way"-1986 Def Jam- Beastie Boys -1 rap album
Who was Paul Simon?
-Graceland-1986 Song in South Africa South Africa under boycott. Accused of culture appropriation. "I Know what I Know" "Homeless"- wrote alongside south African vocal group "Ladysmith Black Mambazo) "You can call me AL" Pennywhisrstle
What are the three most popular narratives for the career of a star?
1) Artist born into humble life rises to fame. 2) Becomes greedy falls into pit. 3) Resurfaces as changed person.
What three groups are often cited as "ancestors" of punk and what did each contribute to the development of punk?
1. The Velvet Underground: Self conscious experimental. 2.The Stooges: Working class, motorcycle leather jacket, outrageous stage performances. 3.New York Dolls: anti-fashion.
When did ska first emerge?
1960's
When did the first alternative movements emerge within rock music?
1970's
When and where did punk first take shape?
1970, commonly in garage bands
When was the "golden age" of punk rock?
1975-1978
Van Halen
Eddie Van halen- Guitar "Eruption" 1978 had a popular guitar playing style a bit too much pop hard rock "Jamie's Cryin"-1978 -sing about young lady -back up singer -not mythical -not screaming -lit metal hair metal public outcry against heavy metal backward masking subconscious mind could decode sound. Person would act on those decode sound.
What is synth-pop?
Electronic sound synthesis
I shot the Sheriff (cover version)
Eric Clapton
Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)
Eurythmics
What brought a focus on dancing back into the pop mainstream?
Funk
What does your textbook call "the apotheosis of 1970s funk music"?
Funkadelic
The Message
Grandmaster Flash and the furious five
What did Madonna exert an unusual amount of control over from early in her career?
How her songs were made, and her appearance.
What was the state of the music industry from 1979 through the early 1980s and what did this cause the major record companies to do?
Intense profit losses; sign fewer acts, raise prices, find new ways to market.
What does your textbook call an "insurmountable barrier for many international musicians?
International musicians do not sing or speak in English.
What does your textbook call "a British Invasion in reverse" and what was its importance?
It is when U.S bands are becoming popular in the U.S. The Ramones staged a British invasion in reverse. The songs had catchy, pop-inspired melodies, played at extremely fast tempos, and lasted roughly two minutes.
What was the prevailing mood of the music on "Born In The U.S.A."?
It was a somber not so happy mood. song tells a story of a unemployed vietnam vet who is starting to turn to crime to survive due to all the jobs leaving the United States.
What artist's 1960s hits provided the blueprint for funk of the 1970s?
James Brown
Bruce Springsteen
John Hammond with Columbia records. The new Bob Dylan Bruce see move like rock artist -2 keyboard players and guitarist. "Born to Run" by Bruce Springsteen Songs delt with escape Dress like a regular guy had a connection to audience unmatched had audience sing some parts. 1980 first top ten charts "Born in the USA"- 1984 Conservatives tried to co-op with Bruce -Vietnam veteran who is unemployed and is starting to turn to crime to survive. meaning and purpose ill served by stadium rock culture. song has irony
Where was reggae born?
Kingston Jamaica
What group helped to develop Eurodisco?
Kraftwerk
Who was the leading reggae producer in the 1970s?
Lee Perry "The Upsetter"
The Velvet Underground
Lou Reed- guitar Johyn Cale- Viola and keyboard, bass
What was "the second British Invasion"?
MTV's promotion of Def Leopard, Flock of Seagulls, other British/European bands.
"Like a Virgin"
Madonna
Compare and contrast Madonna's and Prince's approaches to music-making.
Madonna: Dancer and photographer. Fell into music accidentally. Depended on hit recordings Depended on producer and songwriters. Prince: Worked on music entire life. Produced and performed solely.
What did disco's turntable techniques influence?
Mixing and scratching of rap music
What reasons are cited in your textbook for why the messages in the lyrics of the songs on Born In The U.S.A. were frequently misunderstood?
Most people probably could not hear his words due to it being too upbeat and the song was performed in loud crowded stadiums.
What non-musical elements did George Clinton add to his funk?
Mythology of band and "mother ship".
Gangsta rap
NWA straight outta Compton -Nig*ga with attitude reports of the streets glamorizing violence misogyny and profanity "gangsta, gangsta"-1988 M&M and DR. Drey work together Snopp Dogg Gangsta rap very popular and controversial Musicians role models or not?
"Smells like Teen Spirit"
Nirviana
Jackson 5
Own rights to name so called themselves Jackson 1979 Michael Jackson make own album Quincy Jones help Jackson -met each other on wizard of Oz Quincy Jones "off the wall"- Mexican and African thriller: 1982- white Paul McCarthy duet "girl is mine," -safe in offensive -seal of approval since it has Paul Mccarthy -as broad as audience as possible. "beat it"- Eddie Van Halen -Paul and Eddie
What were the names of George Clinton's two most important groups?
Parliament and Funkadelic
"Give up the funk' (Tear the roots off the sucker)
Parliamont
Who was the first rock musician to perform regularly at CBGBs?
Patti Smith
What two white superstars appeared on Thriller and what was their presence meant to do?
Paul McCartney and Eddie Van Halen
"Sledgehammer"
Peter Gabriel
Jam Bands
Phish -H.O.K.D.E Lots of tiny bands travel together and got large with sharing fan cover lots of different music weekend long festivals: in odd areas can performe 7 hours live performance more important then albums "Down with Disease"-1996 never had hit single or albums -more alternative than Nirvana
What messages began to be conveyed in funk lyrics in the '70s?
Political awareness, issues about societal justice.
"When Doves Cry"
Prince
According to your textbook, what '80s superstar is "one of the most talented musicians ever to achieve mass commercial success"?
Prince
In the 1980s, what was profitability of the music industry dependent upon?
Promoting the artist into a celebrity other than music.
"Night of the Living Baseheads"
Public Enemey
What film and album established Prince as a pop superstar?
Purple Rain
"U.N.I.T.Y"
Queen Latifah
What are the main musical characteristics of ska?
R&B with a rhythm section = fast tempos with bass playing steady four beat patterns
"The Bodysnatchers"
Radiohead
These devices stimulated the growth of what musical genres?
Rap & Hip-Hop
Prince, real name Rodgers Nielsen
The most talented performer of Rock era. write and sang his songs. played most of his instrumjents A producer of his own music blended genre of music age 19 1st album ownership and independent publsiher complete creative control 20 yrs old 1st album sexual, provactive, and sacred 1981 rolling stone invited prince "Purple Rain"- 1984 got into film as well. Film was a successful blockbuster. In funk genera verse corus everything is prince "When Doves Cry"- Prince- 1984 Wrote songs for a lot of performers -Alesna keys, madonna. Prince owned his own name -record company controlled everything
In the mid-1980s, what began to bring the music industry out of its recession?
The reliances of a few multiplatinum artists to create profits.
Speed Metal
Thrash metallica- "master of Puppets"-1986 Song are fast "Until It Sleeps"- 1996
What album proved there was still a pop mainstream in the 1980s?
Thriller from Michael Jackson
Madonna
Trained as dancer, then singer, MTV came around wanted good for dancing vid reaching top of dance charts madonna attract attentin from her looks video at first MTV video awards Madonna Wannabe started occuring very good at presenting conflicting images to the world. proractive perfmorer can think shallow materials person, or deep simple person
Billy Jean
Use special effects in video. MTV was not playing his videos. -originally a TV radio station -Michael performer for Columbia so Columbia threatened them. Cable TV still new, so not all Americans have access to videos. Spring 1983 mowtown records and brought Jackson 5. He was promised to perform new one. It was a special. Biggest selling album of all time.
In the 1980s, what was "the preferred method for launching a new act or promoting the latest release of a superstar"?
Using television like MTV to help promote the new superstar.
"Jump"
Van Halen
Briefly describe the concerts presented by George Clinton's groups.
Wild costumes and elaborate sets
What musicians played with both James Brown and George Clinton?
William Collen and Maceo Parker
How did British punk differ from American punk?
american no nihilist approach
How does the textbook define that golden age?
back to basic rebellion against corporate rock music
What are the main musical characteristics of reggae?
bass and drum, rid-dims, slower paced
MTV (music Television)
began 1981 TV eqivalent to FM radio video jockies soundies synth-pop
What kind of band first popular in the early and mid-'60s was one of the predecessors of punk?
black rhythm and blues of the 60s.
In the 1980s, how was a potential hit album promoted?
cross promoted in videos, television and talk show appearances
What is "the power of mass-mediated charisma" rooted in?
individual fan can enter into a personal relationship with a super star through images and sounds
What crucial question posed by punk still resonates today?
is it possible to make music that is authentic while loudly proclaiming that you don't care about anything
rap
mid 1970s in the bronx local DJ in the Bronx played in party and dances set up is two turn tables break going back and fourth on record disc break dancing developed scratching: do it intentionally and add it to the record. make disc go backwards. MC "Mic Controller" Sugar Hill Records -Sugar hill Gng- "rapper's Delight" 1979 -hip hop - # 36 on pop charts and played on top 40 radio stations -brought to mainstream
college rock
mostly Indie rock underground till 90s Called Indie rock Alternative Rock
World music
name was a little bit ethnocentric sounds exotic, yet not too exotic east Asia excluded
Indie rock
named after independent record companies they record. often in college towns
What are reggae lyrics often focused on?
political messages
What were the basic musical characteristics of the Ramones?
pop inspired, fast and very short. raw hard edged sound, no solos
What were some of the reasons that disco inspired such passionate hatred among many rock fans?
racism, homophobia
What were the social and cultural changes that facilitated the rise of MTV?
raising drinking age, -new opportunities for televised consumer
Andy Warbol
the factory is a art gallery 1967 punk rock
hardcore
very fast, very aggressive musical style minor threat- "Straight Edge"-1981 no drinking, no smoking, no eating meat, no casual sex
What styles of music does Prince draw upon for his own music?
wide range of musical inspirations-folk to rock n roll