MUS 307 Unit 3

Iggy and the Stooges

Band formed in Michigan in 1967 and was part of Detroit's hard rock scene. Led by Iggy Pop, who was influenced by Jim Morrison's performance style

1973 / Iggy and the Stooges /from Raw Power, produced by david Bowie / proto punk

Listening Example: Search and Destroy

1969 / written by Pete Townsend / Performed by The Who / from concept album "Tommy"

Listening Example: The Acid Queen

Key Performers of disco

MFSB (studio band in phili), KC and the Sunshine Band, Donna Summer, Sylvester, The Village People, Gamble and Huff (producer/arranger).

Jazz-Rock - studio musicians during the 70s were usually trained as jazzers. and rock musicians looked to jazzers as examples of virtuosity and technical prowess.

Rock subgenre - bebop era was giving way to a calmer new modal style of jazz, as well as fusions that incorporated a more electronic sound (Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock).

Progressive Rock

This rock subgenre developed in the UK at the end of the 1960s and grew out of sonic explorations of the Beatles.

The clash

UK punk band known for eclectic mix of ska, reggae, R&B and rock. 1977 first album on CBS records and first single is "white riot." 1980 London Calling Album enters the American market. more commercial sound, band was successful in the US and lasted into the 80s.

Proto-metal

What genre was Black Sabbath?

Sire Records. Released Ramones album in 1976 and couldn't find receptive audiences in NE. tour England in 1976 and inspire a new generation of punk musicians who formed the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and Generation X.

What record label were the Ramones signed to and when did they release their first album?

1977

What year did disco go mainstream?

Los Angeles. US heavy metal bands formed underground networks and scenes throughout the nation.

Where was the most important scene of heavy metal in the US?

1) the "hippie aesthetic" 2) concept album / album as a "trip" 3) Expansion of rock's stylistic range to include modern jazz, classical, and electronic music 4) popular british bands enjoying commercial success in both the U.K. and U.S

list the four lasting effects of the 1960s on rock music

1993 / bikini kill / ex of riot grrrl / singer is Kathleen hanna /

listening Example: Rebel Girl

Motley Crue / 1983 / example of US heavy metal and a hair band

listening example: Shout at the Devil

Synthesizer-based disco

subgenre known as eurodisco from Giorgo Moroder

Tommy

1969 album by The Who that was a particularly influential concept album in the progressive rock tradition. Written by Pete Townsend. film (1975) incorporates orchestral instruments.

Mainstream Rock

1970 blend of earlier styles, drawing on everything from rock and roll to psychadelia and folk. Bands in this subgenre remained influential and popular for decades to come and bands were fronted by people who were older, so we begin to see commercially successful rock bands with careers spanning multiple decades

time of economic prosperity, growth in technology sector (TV, MTV, computers), move toward conservatism, and music industry benefitted from wealth/tech advances of this period, while recycling aesthetics of 60s/70s. punk and disco fall out of favor but they help form basis of 1980s music

1980s context

Singer-Songwriter Rock

After Dylan had success touring with The Band, many more songwriters began incorporating rock backing bands, such as Elton John, Billy Joel, Jason Browne, and Paul Simon

Hardcore

Aggressive form of the punk rock style found in bands like the Ramones and Sex Pistols

Ramones

Band from Queens, NYC that created a biker-like image reminiscent of the 1950s greaser. influenced by rock n roll, popular rock bands, girl groups, and R&B. Not skilled/trained and developed a unique/expressive musical style. song lyrics had expressed alienation, isolation and frustration. Music was simple with distorted guitars and muffled vocals with simple melodies. First orig song "I Don't wanna Get Involved with You."

Velvet Underground

Band with Lou Reed and John Cale. Based in NY and associated with lower East Side. Andy Warhol was their manager and they collaborated with him. They are known for their gritty style and their sound is dissonant and raw, with guitar sound that has a lot of feedback and distortion. They use drones, white noise, and extended improvisation. Most of their music has only 2 or 3 chords. Band was not particularly commercially successful but had a lot of influence on punk and proto-punk musicians

Proto-Punk

Bands that created music with stylistic elements of what would become punk rock, but were not part of the punk scene. started in Ny and Detroit and grew out of the aesthetics of gararge rock.

Queen

British band led by Freddie Mercury and Brian may, who originally formed a band called Wreckage in 1969 London. Band forms in 1970, opening for Bowie on Top of the pops in 74, allowing them to reach the top charts. First successful US album was Sheer Heart Attack. They blended glam rock performance style with progressive rock ambitions and theatrical elements. Known for grandiose live shows and powerful voice

Marc Bolan (T.Rex)

British glitter rock performer, considered a pioneer of glam rock. 1971 hit "Hot Love" was at top of UK charts for four weeks.

Big Brains

Dc hardcore punk band composed entirely African Americans. Reggae/funk elements. Influenced by The Clash. Drew on close connection between W Indian music and British Punk

Centered in Amherst, Northampton, and Boston. These towns supported thriving independent music scenes. bands include dinosaur Jr and Pixies

Describe MA college rock scene

very long songs that function more as jams, experimentalism and incorporation of avant-guarde techniques, display of virtuosity in long solos, and intended for attentive listening

Describe four features of progressive rock

Sound had distorted guitars, fast tempos, and it's loud. Practices are very physical (moshing, slam dancing, and stage diving). Important bands are Fear, X, Germs, Circle Jerks, Black Flag

Describe sound, Practices, important bands of LA hardcore punk scene

Sound similar to LA hardcore. Ideals and practices: racial tolerance, political ideas grounded in intellectual debates, anti-drugs. Bands: Bad Brains, Teen idles, Minor Threat

Describe sound, ideals, practices and bands of DC Hardcore punk scene

tawdry or tacky representations of glitz and glamour associated with strip clubs. dark, gothic style inspired by horror movies with themes of devil worshipping

Describe the aesthetic and performance style of heavy metal

Heavy metal is generally associated with working class communities and "blue collar" culture. some scholars argues that many of the negative stereotypes of metal re rooted in negative perceptions of these communities. The music and its fans are often dismissed as primitive, or unsophisticated headbangers

Describe the socioeconomic context of heavy metal

Alice Cooper

Detroit based band/lead singer. represented dark theatricality, influenced by the Doors' Jim Morrison. Concerts featured gruesome and gory performances. songs had gruesome and gothic themes. both his music and shows were intended to shock the audience. He referred to his shows as "little psycho dramas."

- sound emerges from Ramones/sex pistols but more loud, fast and aggressive - groups formed their own record labels, touring networks, and distribution methods - moshing, stage diving and slam dancing became common place in 1980s hardcore scenes - underground national network of venues/labels/fans develops by end of 80s. This infrastructure supported the alternative movement of 90s

Hardcore Characteristics

punk musicians and fans often formed their own networks, independent record labels, and self-published magazines known as Zines.

Implications of DIY aesthetic for Punk scene

album sales. RIAA created the platinum award for albums selling 1 million copies or more.

In 1970s, record labels began setting higher standards for..

New Wave and Hardcore

In early 1980s punk splinters into two scenes. name them

era where feminism is becoming mainstream and female sexuality is being discussed more openly. Many of the songs feature sexually explicit lyrics sung from a feminist perspective. Disco emerges out of black and latino gay clubs / gay-welcoming spaces in NYC after stonewall, where soul/R&B/Funk/latin was being played

In what cultural context did disco arise?

Giorgo Moroder

Italian disco producer based in Berlin. Created an electronic form of disco, later dubbed "eurodisco." worked closely with Donna Summer and is considered a defining figure in disco, credited with creating the first remix. released more experimental work under his name, including an all-synth album in 1977.

Dinosaur Jr.

J. Mascis and Lou Barlow. sound characterized by heavy guitar, melodic vocal hooks, guitar solos, and loud sound that produces distortion. lyrics include themes of self-loathing, teenage angst and anxiety. described as "slacker music." Released albums on SST and Homestead Records

David Bowie (UK), T. Rex (UK), Suzi Quattro (UK), New York Dolls (US).

Key figures of Glam Rock

Minutemen

LA hardcore punk band from trio san pedro port district that lacked distortion and had anarchist attitudes. mantra was "as we jam echno," expressing their desire to distance themselves from the excess of corporate rock. Back to basic philosophy and incorporates spoken word into music

Black Flag

LA hardcore-punk band that formed SST record label (very prominent label in the movement), with rough production values, profane lyrics addressing youth alienation, very short songs, and "Damaged" album considered ironic. First EP was nervous breakdown

Fear

LA hardcore-punk band with screaming vocals by guitarist/singer Lee Ving. Anti-NY sentiments and controversial performance on SNL in 1981.

MC5 (Motor City 5)

Leading underground rock group in Detroit by 1967 / proto-punk sound / 1964 / signed to Elektra records but dismissed and later signed to Atlantic and later moved to England.

Velvet Underground (NY), Iggy and the Stooges (Detroit), and MC5 (Detroit). There are also cases of proto-punk music emerging earlier beyond the US and Uk in the 1960s

List three examples of proto-punk bands and where they are from

Michael Jackson / 83 / example of 80s dance music / vid directed by John Landis / important song in growing the popularity of music videos and MTV, Jackson stood out for creative approach. he set std for music vids in 80s. Uses electronic percussion, synthesizers

Listening Ex. Billie Jean

#1 hit by Joan Jett / written by Alan Merrill of the Arrows. lyrics compare well with those of Chuck Berry. contrasting verse-chorus

Listening Ex. I love Rock and Roll

1969 / Led Zeppelin . based on Willie Dixon song called "you need love." rights now shared between two bands. features elements of blues and psychadelia and a heavy distorted guitar sound. lyrics deal with spiritual enlightenment.

Listening Ex: A Whole Lotta Love

1970 / Black Sabbath / protometal sound from their first album / distorted dissonant guitar riff emphasizing tri-tone interval. lyrics make reference to darkness, satan and fire.

Listening Ex: Black Sabbath

Performed and written by REM. Simple-verse chorus, with lyrics remaining the same every time. iconic example of college rock.

Listening Example: "The One I Love"

1977 / The Sex Pistols / produced by Chris Thomas / simple verse with two bridges and a coda. The bands second single, from their album "Never Mind the Bullocks"

Listening Example: Anarchy in the UK

1977 / simple repeating bassline and syncopated organ riff / minimal sound / lyrics are about a biker

Listening Example: Ghost Rider

Cover of Van Morrison's Gloria / Mimics tempo dynamics of Heroin / combines poetic lyrics with gritty and harsh sound / used combo of spoken word and speech-like singing with very little melodic movement. This untrained, low frequency, raspy, speech-like vocalization was typical of punk

Listening Example: Gloria

The smiths / 1984 / first top ten single / example of UK indie rock / band performed this on Top of the pops and that became the music video / provides example of smiths iconic sound: danceable, 80s pop influenced sound with melancholic lyrics

Listening Example: Heaven Knows I'm miserable now

The Velvet Underground / 1967 / from The Velvet Underground and Nico / droning viola and distorted guitar with feedback. two chords. tempo fluctuations drive the music forward and add a sense of urgency that contrasts with the simplicity and consistency of the drone and chord changes.

Listening Example: Heroin

Metallica / example of thrash metal / from one of their earlier albums, "master of puppets" 1986

Listening Example: Master of puppets

1976 / Boston / written by Tom Scholz / produced by John Boylan and Scholz / example of mainstream rock

Listening Example: More Than a Feeling

1976 from album "The Ramones." Distorted sound and somewhat indiscernible vocals reminiscent of garage rock. tempo varies and is much faster in live performance. song is very short in comparison to extended jams of progressive rock

Listening Example: Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue.

1977 / The clash / featured on debut album, The Clash / cover of 1976 reggae song by Junior Murvin. Example of UK punk and how Clash incorporated reggae into their punk sound, addressing political issues

Listening Example: Police and Thieves

Black Flag / from 1981 album Damaged / Contrasting verse-chorus form / guitar solo influenced by avant-guarde free jazz. lyrics of protest/alienation

Listening Example: Rise Above

1974 / Queen / Band's first hit single

Listening Example: Seven Seas of Rhye

1991 / from Nevermind / uses contrasting dynamic changes / singing style changes a lot / melody has more movement in verses, with notes changing almost every syllable and covering broad range. in chorus, phrases sung on one repeated note before jumping to another note for next phrase. all of these elements together create significant contrast between verse and chorus section

Listening Example: Smells like teen Spirit

Minor Threat / DC Punk / only 46 seconds / lyrics are critical of drug-abuse

Listening Example: Straight-Edge

1988 / from Daydream Nation, a double album in the style of 1970s prog rock concept albums, inspired by Zeppelin's album IV. song imagines an alt reality where lead singer of dinosaur jr is POTUS. song received considerable airplay on college radio and sold out in record stores.

Listening Example: Teenage RIot

Prince album in 1982, "1999" fueled his rise to fame. in 84 he created film "purple rain" where this song comes from. video central to his success. image/sound draws on George Clinton's Parliament Funkadelic. Prince demanded complete creative control over music.

Listening Example: When Doves Cry

Pixies / 1988 / from debut album "Surfer Rosa"

Listening Example: Where is my mind

1968 . Frank Zappa & the Mothers / from "we're only in it for the money," a parody of Beatles Sgt Pepper's album. makes references to clichés of SF counterculture. told in first person narrative as a parody of a character who seeks to become part of the city.

Listening Example: Who Needs the Peace Corps

Devo / Draws on Kraftwerk's image, sound, man-machine concept, critique of consumerist society. first album produced by Brian Eno. ALbum also has cover of Rolling Stone's satisfaction

Listening Example: uncontrollable urge

95 / Green Day / ex of pop punk, a sub style of alt rock in 90s. one of many bands from S cali to achieve success in mid 90s. known for blending punk style with pop sensibilities. commercial success of green day continued for more than a decade

Listening Example: when I come around

1975 / Donna Summer / produced by Giorgio Moroder/ "an anthem to sex" / reached #2 on US billboard charts and banned on BBC radio.

Listening ex: love to love you baby

1968 David Bowie's first hit. Producer: Gus Dudgeon. Inspired by Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey. associated with Apollo 11, which launched a few days after the song was releaseds.

Listening example: Space Oddity

the Smiths

London indie rock band led by Morrissey and Johnny Marr. emerged from british underground music scene and heavily inspired by pop. danceable songs with melancholy lyrics that express deep sense of alienation. debut single "hand in glove." Several of their songs were controversial and Morrissey called himself a "prophet for the 4th gender."

builds on success and draws on elements of rock TV of previous generations. At first there wasn't enough videos to fill up the channel. Early audience = white teens in MW. network played mostly vids by white mainstream rock acts. critiqued for excluding black artists. 1983 Billie Jean by MJ is featured on NTV and gets success/marks success in attitudes of record companies toward music videos. Strong visuals in music videos. Madonna/MJ emerged as stars through MTV. Prince also used video as important element of his music.

MTV

Sonic Youth

NYC band inspired by NYC bands of earlier generation. mix of punk, avant guarde art, and inspired by Glenn branca, who played with unconventional tuning. music described as atmospheric, likely due to their heavy use of reverb in combination with distortion. Part of the "No Wave scene in lower east side. An ironic response to commercial new wave. first album released on SST> band found commercial success after Daydream Nation but retained indie sound while playing in bigger spaces. considered to be iconic indie rock

motorhead, metallica, megadeth, anthrax, slayer

Name examples of speed metal / thrash metal bands

Dark Lyrics, driving riffs, heavily distorted and low frequency guitar, and extended guitar solos.

Name the 5 musical characteristics of heavy metal

Suicide

Proto-punk band from NY with Martin Rev and Alan Vega. Used synthesizers, along with drum machines and electric organ, guitar, bass and drums. Rockabilly-like slap echo. Performance style inspired by Iggy Pop.

Ripped clothing, leather, studs, spikes. style was established by late 70s and became more popular int he UK before it spread to hardcore scenes in US.

Punk Fashion

Relative simplicity, as compared to progressive rock. music rallied against the album-oriented progressive rock world that had become the status-quo and corporate mainstream

Punk Music was generally characterized by..

Dischord Records

Record label started by MacKaye and Jeff Nelson of Minor Threat. One of the most important indie labels of hardcore punk. community-based philosophy. reasonable prices/no corporate interests

Hardcores scenes differed significantly according to region, existing primarily in urban areas/college towns. Significant scenes formed in DC, LA and twin cities

Regional hardcore punk

Punk was born in NYC before it further developed in UK. Velvet Underground, NY Dolls, and Patti Smith laid groundwork for the punk scene, with minimalist sound and DIY ethic. Anti-corporate element

The New York Punk Scene

Glam Rock

Theatrical presentation that emerges in the early 1970s in the context of increasingly elaborate rock concerts. Known as "glitter rock" in UK. Male performers wore makeup, feminine or androgynous clothing. More of an aesthetic rather than a cohesive music style. sound of music varied.

Black Sabbath

This band began as a blues band with a name from a horror movie. released first album (self-titled) in 1970, which emphasized tri-tone intervals and church bells. first four albums laid groundwork for sound/aesthetic of heavy metal. Dark themes derived from fatalism and occultism of the blues. lyrics dealt with evil, pain, war, drug addiction.

Television

This band had a more progressive rock sound with extended jams and use of keyboards with more chord changes. played often at CBGB, where they headlined the show where the Ramones made their debut

Pixies

This band is considered by many to be the seminal indie-alternative band. it formed in mid 80s at U. Mass and broke up in 1993. Joey Santiago, Charles Thomson, and Kim Deal. inspired by Minniapolis band Husker Du. Band established a huge cult following among college students but was more successful in England. Known for blend of pop, rock and indie sounds. loud-soft approach inspired Nirvana. signed to Elektra records in 89.

Blondie

This band was originally called The Stilettos, influenced by 1960s girl groups and surf music. Members were Chris Stein and Debbie Harry. Add people and changed name in 76. Most commercially successful band to emerge from CBGBs as part of NY punk scene. Later became part of New Wave scene.

Van Halen. Other LA bands include Quiet Riot, Motley Crue, Guns N Roses, and Poison

This band was the first metal band to find commercial success in US.

Heavy Metal

This genre emerged as a mainstream music in the 1980s, out of the heavy rock approaches of late 70s. other elements of this genre are drawn from garage rock/punk. Historians generally trace the roots of this genre to black Sabbath or led zeppelin. this grew out of desire to return to a simpler style of rock music

New Wave of British Metal

This genre grows out of a scene headed by black Sabbath, including ozzy Osbourne's new project. Meanwhile, heavy metal was thriving in local scenes associated with north London, which was mostly working class. Genre thought of as a "return to heavy rock and roll"

Indie Rock - in the 80s, indie/college rock falls into umbrella of alternative as it moves into the 90s

This genre is college rock without college associations, although still reliant on college radio. bands may come from big cities. Grew out of hardcore. emphasis on DIY ethos, with indie labels, self-released material, complete creative control, self-produced albums, etc. anticorporate. Examples include Sonic youth, the Smiths, and the cure

Hair metal / Hair Band

This genre is known for its androgynous appearance with women's clothes, long hair, makeup and heels. characteristic hair style was heavily teased straight hair in a feminine style. Inspired by KISS, David Bowie, and Alice Cooper. sometimes called glam metal. In contrast to glam rock, which worked against hegemonic ideas of sexuality/gender, glam metal stars were perceived as heterosexual and masculine. Androgynous identity is only superficial.

Miles Davis

This musician saw connection between prog jazz and rock. This period of his music was known as "electric period." Members of his band all went on to form their own projects with further incorporated rock influences

CBGB - Country Blue-Grass and Blues.

Venue in the Bowery that became a hub for the punk scene by the mid-1970s. location important in development of punk, as the pioneers of the music found a home here, such as Ramones, Blondie, Talking HEads, and Television

Bon Jovi (NJ) and Guns N Roses (LA)

What American heavy metal bands found the most success?

Iron Maiden, Judas priest, and Def Leppard

What bands are involved with the new wave of british metal?

Other Music for Uplifting Gourmandizers

What does OMFUG stand for? (said at CBGB)

Saturday Night Fever

What film from 1978 popularizes disco with mainstream, straight and white audiences.

It grew exponentially. In 1960, record sales totaled 60 million, and in 1970 they totaled 1.2 billion. There were also mergers between record labels and film companies, leading to more soundtracks being sold as albums.

What happened to the music industry in the 1970s

Rock radio became increasingly commercial in the 70s, moving away from freeform. Corportate radio stations prioritized shorter songs for more ads and ideal song length was 4-5 min.

What is album oriented radio and how did it effect song length?

Talking Heads

band known as the art school punks at CBGB's, led by David Byrne. Minimal instrumentations, albums produced by Brian Eno, and later became part of the New Wave scene. played "surreal dance songs of alienation and estrangement"

The Sex Pistols

band managed by Malcom McLaren , led by Lydon (Johnny Rotten). originally signed by EMI and then A&M records, finally stuck to Virgin records, where they released their material. known for singing about anarchy, fascism, and violence. First album in 1977 called "never Mind the Bullocks Here's the Sex Pistols." band breaks up in 1978 and are considered pioneers of UK punk, admired for manipulating music industry, critiquing gov, and expressing angst of young brits

Patti Smith

band that combined lyrical sophistication with garage rock sound, a blend of high and low art. first successful single was cover of Hendrix's "Hey Joe." 1973 lead singer teamed up with guitarist Lenny Kaye and they became the first band from punk scene to sign onto major label.

Musical features of disco

bass drum hits all four beats, synthesizers and orchestral instruments, rhythm guitar (no lead), bass, often falsetto and high breathy singing, lyrics made frequent reference to love, unity, empowerment, and sexual liberation. DJ was central figure and producers played key role in creating the music

Frank Zappa

critic of the hippie movement whose music satirized hippie values and aesthetics. Many viewed him as a serious composer bc his music combined a variety of popular music styles from 50s-60s, along with classical composers.

New York Dolls

cross-dressing glam-rock band from NYC. Traveled to England where they were influenced by the glitter rock scene there. Known for wearing dresses, makeup, and platforms, and for having a flamboyant performance style. short-lived carer with little commercial success, but highly influential. Considered to be a proto-punk band that also pointed the way twd hair metal.

post-cold war era, with US becoming world superpower. despite a brief recession, 90s were overall a decade of economic prosperity in the US. This prosperity extends to music industry which is reeling in big profits

describe social context of 1990s

Uk Punk

emerges out of dire socioeconomic circumstances during an economic recession where young people had few employment opportunities. inspired by NY punk. expresses social rebelliousness, nihilism, and trouble-making spirit, making political statement about socioeconomic conditions in England.

Siouxsie and the Banshees

female fronted band on Polydor Records. first 1978 single "Hong Kong Garden." and first album is "the scream." band continued into 80s and had commercial success in new wave movement

David Bowie.

first openly bi British rock performer, inspired by Little Richard's flamboyant style, early rock and roll, and broadway/west end show tunes. performed as Davy Jones until 1965. was the only UK glam rocker to achieve success in the US. collaborated with important figures outside glam rock, such as Brian Eno on the albums Lows and Heroes. first hit single was space oddity.

Disco - name comes from "discotheque" clubs that played pre-recorded music for dancing in the 60s.

genre wih DJ as a mediator. Dj emerges as a central figure int he music. they select the music that is presented to audiences, thus they are associated with a particular sound and gain a following based on that aesthetic. Disco begins to emerge in 1973, as sweet soul sound with funk elements. 1975-76 a harder and more rhythmic sound with more funk elements, played by bands associated with funk. latin percussion

Yes

group led by vocalist Jon Anderson that dealt w/ spiritual themes, most obviously on "Close to the Edge" (1967) which is based on Hesse's Sidharthda

Jethro Tull

group that began as a blues band in 1967 in UK. les by Ian Anderson and one of the leading progressive rock groups in the UK. Music often dealt with religion/spirituality. Their album "Thick as a Brick" 1972 is considered one of the most mportant progressive rock concept albums of the era.

Nirvana

grunge band from Seattle that projected amatuerist image, with relaxed slacker aesthetic. originally on sub pop label then signed to DGC label in 1991, on which they released "Nevermind." First single: "Love Buzz"

Minor Threat

hardcore band that started Dischord Records and advanced a unique, behavioral ethic called "Straight Edge." No drinking, drugs, or promiscuity. led by Ian MacKaye and considered the most important group in DC punk scene

KISS

in this band, all four members wore makeup and presented themselves as characters. Their concerts featured flames, explosions, and a generally high-energy performance. Early albums were not financially successful. First hit single in 1975 was "Rock and Roll All Nite." They released a live album in 1975 called Alive that did well commercially.

New Wave

largely a marketing category to describe accessible, poppy and sometimes punk-influenced groups

Peter Frampton, The Eagles, Fleetwood Mac, Journey, Boston

list some examples of mainstream rock bands

Alternative Rck

mainstream sound of mid 90s. after success of nirvana, music industry turned attention to this sound and away from hair metal/new wave. sound blends pop, punk, indie, college rock, and grunge sensibilities, most notable mimicking REM and Nirvana These bands present themselves as being critical of music industry/capitalism, and having DIY aesthetic. aesthetics come from grunge, although this is less pronounced with this genre. Some of these bands have more confrontational style. more playful than grunge, with predilection towards irony

Pearl Jam

more mainstream style of grunge from Seattle. music had more elements of heavy metal. led by Eddie Vedder. albums were Ten, VS, and Vitalogy. band achieved mainstream success in 94 just grunge was dying and grew until late 90s. known for anti-corporate stance against Ticketmaster, upset that the company wanted to charge concertgoers more than 20

Corporate rock - some critics lament the late 70s as a time of bland "corporate rock"

multinational corporations with no music connections began buying record labels, hoping to profit from commercial rock music. Rock venues became bigger and tours became longer, individual musicians enjoyed greater rofits, and people in industry were more cautious about taking on new bands with unconventional sounds.

New Wave

music industry began categorizing more accessible punk band as..

Washington, DC

one of the first hardcore scenes in the US. Bad Brains is an early group that pushes the tempo and intensity of punk (originally Mind Power). Minor Threat started their own label, Dischord Records.

Led Zeppelin

one of the most successful British groups of the 70s. blended acoustic, blues, and psychedelic elements. "heavy" sound of distorted guitars playing low-frequency riffs. known for heavy sound, despite having had a range of sonic textures in their repertoire. music dealt with both sexual and spiritual themes. band drew heavily from blues, often criticized for stealing songs.

Late 70s progressive rock

progressive rock had lost some popularity by mid 70s and popular progressive rock bands of the late 70s had simpler music than earlier generation. Ex. Kansas, Styx, Rush, Queen

Grunge

seattle rock scene from mid 80s- mid 90s that emerged out of hardcore punk and the DIY ethos associated with that. bands coming of hardcore punk wanted to create slower, more melodic and dynamic versions of this. These bands were opposed to commercial success and cultivate a slacker aesthetic with general ironic detachment and more enlightened form of masculinity. Characterized by rough and unfinished sound, using simple tech. grew on mainstream rock while trying to distance itself from it. often described as the "seattle sound." ended 1994

Tech was advancing at rapid pace and internet became part of everyday life. in late 90s portable mp3 is created, allowing people to listen to their illegally downloaded music whenever. 1999 Napster allows people to freely exchange MP3 files without paying for them. this results in lawsuit from RIAA due to lost profits. by end of decade and into the early 2000s, the industry is severely affected by illegaldownloads and begins moving twd digital internet based model. ITunes opens in 2003

technology in 90s

REM

this band originated in Athens, GA and is considered the iconic college rock band. led by Peter Buck and Michael Stipe, with several commercially successful albums in the 90s. inspired by classic rock bands, retained a simplistic aesthetic, and more earnest lyrics than other college/indie rock bands

Speed Metal / Thrash Metal - Speed metal is characterized by fast tempos and short songs, whereas thrash metal allows for a variety of musical textures and tempos.

this is a more ambitious style of metal, with the bands concerned with displays of virtuosity.

College Rock - examples include REM, dinosaur Jr, and pixies.

this subgenre grew out of hardcore, and refers to music that exists largely outside the corporate music industry, although it enjoys support from college radio stations. Music circulates through indie record labels, a network of venues established by hardcore punk, and this genre, which could follow more freeform formats. roots of this genre are associated with Athens, GA where Universit of GA is located. Band REM best represents roots of this

LA hardcore scene

which hardcore scene is centered around black flag and is closely tied to surburban, skateboard culture?