Muscle Actions and Joints

(11.) True/False: The teres major muscle is one of the two posterior muscles that cross the glenohumeral joint.

(11.) False

(13.) True/False: Both adduction and abduction require the deltoid muscle for action.

(13.) False

(14.) True/False: Muscle of extension for the forearm is located posteriorly.

(13.) True

(14.) True/False: The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the ulnar tuberosity.

(14.) False

(15.) True/False: The anconeus muscle is the smallest of the posterior extensors.

(15.) True

(16.) True/False: All heads of the triceps brachii muscle insert on the olecranon process of the ulna.

(16.) True

(17.) True/False: Contraction of the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus results in forearm pronation.

(17.) True

(18.) True/False: The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, but only the anterior flexors contain a superficial and a deep layer.

(18.) False

(19.) True/False: The superficial posterior extensors include the extensor digitorum.

(19.) True

(2.) True/False: The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide the only connection between the arm and the axial skeleton.

(2.) False

(20.) True/False: The inflammation that can occur within the flexor retinaculum is called carpal tunnel syndrome.

(20.) True

(21.) True/False: Finger flexion occurs though the combined actions of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis.

(21.) True

(22.) True/False: Wrist abduction occurs through the flexor carpi ulnaris while wrist adduction is a function of the flexor carpi radialis.

(22.) False

(23.) True/False: The muscles of the lower limb, as a group, are the largest muscles in the body.

(23.) True

(24.) True/False: The iliacus and psoas major are known as the iliopsoas muscle because they share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

(24.) True

(25.) True/False: The longest muscle of the medial muscles that cross the hip is the gracilis.

(25.) True

(26.) True/False: The three gluteal muscles, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus, are considered lateral rotators.

(26.) False

(27.) True/False: Hip flexion increases the angle between the hip joint and the torso.

(27.) False

(28.) True/False: Abduction of the hip requires the same muscles regardless of the hip position (flexed or non-flexed).

(28.) False

(29.) True/False: Muscles that act on the knee joint are from most of the mass of the thigh.

(29.) True

(3.) True/False: One of the origin sites for the trapezius muscle is the external occipital protuberance.

(3.) True

(30.) True/False: All of the hamstring muscles insert on the fibula.

(30.) False

(31.) True/False: All muscles of the anterior compartment that act on the ankle and foot show origin sites on the interosseous membrane.

(31.) True

(32.) True/False: The fibularis brevis muscle is longer than the fibularis longus muscle.

(32.) False

(33.) True/False: The posterior compartment of muscles that act on the ankle and foot contains deep leg muscles only.

(33.) False

(34.) True/False: The gastrocnemius muscle that crosses the knee joint inserts on the femur.

(34.) False

(35.) True/False: The various muscles of the leg that act on the ankle and foot are found within two compartments.

(35.) False

(36.) True/False: Ankle joint movements include plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

(36.) True

(4.) True/False: The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the pectoral girdle.

(4.) False

(5.) True/False: The subscapularis muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

(5.) True

(6.) True/False: The teres minor muscle provides for external rotation of the humerus.

(6.) True

(7.) True/False: Keeping the humeral head centered within the glenoid cavity requires that the muscle and the head of the humerus be kept in separate planes.

(7.) False

Which of the following statements is true? (a.) The biceps brachii muscle has two heads that share the same origin site. (b.) The triceps brachii muscle has two heads the insert on the olecranon process of the ulna. (c.) The biceps brachii could be classified as a posterior extensor. (d.) All heads of the triceps brachii muscle originate on the humerus. (e.) None of the above statements are true.

(e.) None of the above statements are true.

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction would be _____________.

90 degrees

(1.) True/False: The rotator cuff muscles act to stabilize the humerus.

(1.) True

(10.) True/False: The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the radial tuberosity.

(10.) True

(12.) True/False: All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the intertubercular sulcus.

(12.) True

(8.) True/False: The rotator cuff muscles are not considered part of the shoulder joint.

(8.) False

(9.) True/False: Both the teres minor and the teres major muscles act on the humerus.

(9.) False

Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into three separate groups based on _____________ relationships.

distribution and functional

Which of the following statements is true regarding muscles of the forearm? (a.) The pronator quadratus muscle originates on the ulna and inserts on the radius. (b.) The pronator teres muscle originates on the medial epicondyle and inserts on the radius. (c.) Contraction of the pronator quadratus and the supinator results in forearm pronation. (d.) The pronator quadratus is a two headed muscle.

The pronator quadratus muscle originates on the ulna and inserts on the radius.

Movement of the shoulder away and laterally from the body is called _____________.

abduction

The primary mover of hip adduction is the _____________.

adductor magnus

Muscles that act on the knee are divided into _____________ groups.

anterior and posterior

The deep fascia separates the lower leg muscles into a(n) _____________.

anterior compartment, lateral compartment, posterior compartment

The muscles of the shoulder joint are divided into all of the following groups except the:

anterior flexors

The pectoralis muscle originates on the _____________.

anterior surfaces of ribs 3 to 5

Muscles of the lower limb can be separated into three groups: _____________.

anterior, medial, posterior

The muscles of the leg that control ankle and foot movement are called extrinsic because they _____________.

are located in the leg but exert actions in the ankle and foot

Hyperextension of the elbow would result in damage to the _____________.

biceps brachii muscle

The hamstring muscle(s) consist of the _____________.

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

The psoas major muscle originates on the _____________.

bodies of the vertebrae T12 through L5 and transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae

The soleus muscle inserts on the _____________.

calcaneous

The prime movers of glenohumeral joint flexion are the _____________ muscles.

deltoid and the pectoralis major

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called _____________.

elevation

The prime mover of wrist extension is _____________.

extensor digitorum

The tendons of the ____________ can be easily seen on the back of the hand when the fingers are extended.

extensor digitorum

The anterior compartment contains the _____________

extensor digitorum longus muscle and the extensor hallucis longus muscle

Which of the following deep posterior extensors has an origin site that is not on the radius?

extensor indicis

The insertion of the biceps femoris muscle is the head of the _____________.

fibula

The lateral compartment of muscles that act on the ankle and foot contains the _____________.

fibularis brevis muscle, fibularis longus muscle (not fibularis tertius)

The deep posterior compartment does not contain the _____________. fibularis longus flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus tibialis posterior

fibularis longus

The _____________ muscle inserts on metatarsal 5.

fibularis tertius

The greater trochanter of the femur is the site of insertion for _____________of the six lateral rotators.

five

When the hip is already flexed, abduction requires the addition of _____________ more muscle(s).

five

A reduction in the anterior angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be _____________.

flexion

Movement at the elbow joint is summarized as _____________.

flexion and extension

Muscles that act on the knee joint exhibit two actions _____________.

flexion and extension

Finger flexion is NOT a function of the _____________.

flexor carpi radialis

The prime movers of wrist flexion are the _____________.

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis

Of the deep posterior muscles of the forearm and from the posterior view of the forearm, which muscle is most lateral?

flexor carpi ulnaris

Of the following muscles of the wrist and fingers, which muscle is considered a deep anterior flexor?

flexor pollicis longus

he superficial anterior flexor muscles consist of all of the following except _____________.

flexor pollicis longus

Identify the superficial posterior muscle that acts on the ankle and foot from the following: tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus gastrocnemius flexor hallucis longus

gastrocnemius

The gluteus maximus muscle originates on all the following sites except the _____________.

gluteal tuberosity

All muscles termed the lateral rotators insert on or near the ______________ trochanter of the femur.

greater

The tendons of all four muscles of the rotator cuff combine at the _____________.

humeral head

The iliacus muscle originates on the _____________.

iliac crest of the pelvis and pelvic fossa

The prime movers of hip flexion are the _____________.

iliacus muscle psoas major muscle

Which of the following is NOT considered a medial muscle? adductor magnus gracilis pectineus iliopsoas adductor longus

iliopsoas

The larger of the axial muscles, both anterior and posterior, that cross the glenohumeral joint is the _____________.

latissimus dorsi

The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____________ muscle.

latissimus dorsi

The four muscles that comprise the posterior group of the pectoral girdle are the _____________.

levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and trapezius

The fibularis longus muscle inserts on the _____________.

medial cuneiform of metatarsal 1

Which of the following movements are not associated with the scapula?

opposition

The palmaris longus inserts on the _____________.

palmar aponeurosis

All of the following tendons of insertion are found within the flexor retinaculum except _____________.

palmaris longus

All four heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle form a single insertion at three locations of the tibia: _____________.

patella, the tibial tuberosity, medial condyles

The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____________ muscle.

pectoralis major

Anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle include the _____________.

pectoralis minor & serratus anterior

The most powerful movement of the ankle is _____________.

plantar flexion

The smallest of the posterior or flexor muscles of the thigh is the _____________. (Bad question, and incorrect answer, slide 263)

popliteus (This is incorrect. Popliteus does not flex the thigh, p 373)

Movement of the forearm is summarized as _____________.

pronation and supination

Muscles of the forearm that function in pronation and supination are the _____________.

pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator

The serratus anterior muscle is associated with which of the following scapular movement(s)?

protraction and depression

Arguably, the most powerful muscle in the body is the ____________.

quadriceps femoris

The interosseous membrane is located between the _____________.

radius and ulna

The rotator cuff muscles provide what type of movement?

rotational

The four heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle include all of the following except the _____________. vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius rectus femoris sartorius

sartorius

The longest muscle in the body is the _____________.

sartorius

Lateral rotation of the scapula results from the contraction of _____________ and _____________ muscles.

serratus anterior, trapezius

Medial rotation results from the combined actions of ___________ muscles.

seven

To allow movement of the tendons within the carpal tunnel zone, each tendon is enclosed in a _____________.

sheath

The most flexible joint in the body is the_____________.

shoulder joint

The rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process of the vertebrae?

spinous process

In contrast to the upper limb, muscles of the lower limb are adapted more for _____________.

strength than precision

Forearm supination is the result of the __________, but is assisted by the ____________.

supinator muscle, biceps brachii muscle

Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the _____________ muscle.

supraspinatus

Extension of the glenohumeral joint results from the contraction of one synergist, the _____________.

teres major

The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____________ muscle(s).

teres major

Which muscle is not considered a prime mover of the shoulder joint?

teres major

Which of the following muscles would not be considered part of the rotator cuff?

teres major

Dorsiflexion is most important during _____________.

walking

All of the deep posterior extensor muscles have origin sites on the radius except for the _____________.

Extensor indicis

The most powerful muscle of the flexors is the _____________.

brachialis

The anterior flexors consist of the _____________ muscle(s).

brachialis, brachioradialis and biceps brachii

How many distinct sets of fibers compose the deltoid muscle?

three

The deep posterior extensors of the wrist and fingers are specific for the _____________.

thumb and index finger

Rank the medial muscles that cross the hip by point of insertion from lateral to medial: (1) adductor magnus, (2) pectineus, (3) adductor brevis, (4) adductor longus, (5) gracilis.

2,1,3,4,5 Pectineus, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Gracilis.

The components of the pectoral girdle include _____________.

clavicle and scapula

The anterior scapular muscles include the _____________ muscle(s).

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and deltoid

The coracobrachialis muscle originates on the _____________.

coracoid process of the scapula

During exercise, the _____________ aids venous return of the blood.

deep fascia

The long head of the triceps brachii muscle originates on the _____________.

infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Medial rotation represents this movement of the hip:

inward, towards the center

The popliteus muscle is included as a knee flexor because _____________.

it unlocks the knee to allow flexion to occur

The most important function of the rotator cuff muscles is to _____________.

keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity

The supinator muscle originates on the _____________.

lateral epicondyle of the humerus (only) and supinator crest (only)

The muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm allow _____________.

the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of the bulky muscles

The angle of the subscapularis muscle prevents _____________.

the humeral head from sliding upward out of the joint as the arm is raised