Musculoskeletal

A 54-year-old patient is about to have a bone scan. In teaching the patient about this procedure, the nurse should include what information? a) Two additional follow-up scans will be required. b) There will be only mild pain associated with the procedure. c) The procedure takes approximately 15 to 30 minutes to complete. d) The patient will be asked to drink increased fluids after the procedure.

d) The patient will be asked to drink increased fluids after the procedure. in order to flush the IV tracer out of their system

A nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment on an older adult living independently. What normal physiologic changes of aging does the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) a) Muscle atrophy b) Slowed movement c) Scoliosis d) Arthritis e) Widened gait

a) Muscle atrophy b) Slowed movement d) Arthritis e) Widened gait

Which aspect of postoperative management will the nurse plan to discuss with a client about to undergo an arthroscopic repair of the knee? a) Physical therapy for exercises b) Pharmacy for client medications c) Dietitian for nutrition d) Social work for care coordination

a) Physical therapy for exercises

A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman is scheduled for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Which statement, if made by the patient to the nurse, indicates understanding of the procedure? a) "The bone density in my heel will be measured." b) "This procedure will not cause any pain or discomfort." c) "I will not be exposed to any radiation during the procedure." d) "I will need to remove my hearing aids before the procedure."

b) "This procedure will not cause any pain or discomfort." Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is painless and measures the bone mass of spine, femur, forearm, and total body with minimal radiation exposure.

Which diagnostic test requires the nurse to know whether the client is allergic to iodine-based contrast? a) Arthroscopy b) Computed tomography (CT) c) Electromyography (EMG) d) Tomography

b) Computed tomography (CT)

Care of the older adult may be affected by which physiologic change in the musculoskeletal system? a) Regeneration of cartilage b) Decreased range of motion (ROM) c) Increased bone density d) Narrower gait

b) Decreased range of motion (ROM)

The nurse is completing an admission assessment on a client scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery. Which information will be most essential for the nurse to report to the health care provider? a) Knee pain at a level of 9 (0-to-10 scale) b) Warm, red, and swollen knee c) Allergy to shellfish and iodine d) Previous surgery on the other knee

b) Warm, red, and swollen knee

In preparation for total knee surgery, a 200-lb (90.7 kg) client with osteoarthritis must lose weight. Which exercise should the nurse recommend as best if the client has no contraindications? a) weight lifting b) aquatic exercise c) walking d) tai chi exercise

b) aquatic exercise aquatic exercise would be best because it cushions the joints and allows the client to burn off calories.

After instructing a 40-year-old woman about osteoporosis after menopause, the nurse determines that the client needs further instruction when the client makes which statement? a) "Estrogen therapy at menopause can reduce the risk of osteoporosis." b) "Women who do not eat dairy products should consider calcium supplements." c) "Women of African descent are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis." d) "A standard serving of yogurt is the equivalent of one glass of milk."

c) "Women of African descent are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis." Small-boned, fair-skinned women of northern European descent are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis, not women of African descent.

Which client information is most essential for the nurse to report to the health care provider before a client with knee pain undergoes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? a) Daily use of aspirin b) Swollen and tender knee c) Presence of a permanent pacemaker d) History of claustrophobia

c) Presence of a permanent pacemaker

A client has been diagnosed with osteoporosis after a bone density test and is asking what has caused it. Discussion of risk factors would include which of the following? a) Diet deficient in vegetables and fruits, high intake of red meats, and increased alcohol intake b) Regular exercise, low fat intake, and recurrent trauma to the bones through increased weight-bearing activities c) Excessive sunlight exposure, adequate calcium intake, and lactose intolerance d) Heavy smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and high intake of carbonated drinks

d) Heavy smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and high intake of carbonated drinks Osteoporosis has been linked to heavy smoking. A sedentary lifestyle results in more osteoclastic or breakdown activity rather than bone building or osteoblastic activity. Because carbonated drinks tend to have high phosphate levels, the inverse relationship of phosphorus to calcium results in a depletion of calcium.

A nurse is teaching a female client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct? a) To prevent fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise. b) Obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires taking a calcium supplement. c) Obtaining an X-ray of the bones every 3 years is recommended to detect bone loss. d) The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods.

d) The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods.

A patient is scheduled for an electromyogram (EMG). The nurse explains that this diagnostic test involves a) incision or puncture of the joint capsule. b) insertion of small needles into certain muscles. c) administration of a radioisotope before the procedure. d) placement of skin electrodes to record muscle activity.

d) placement of skin electrodes to record muscle activity.

When assessing a female client, the nurse learns that the client has several risk factors for osteoporosis. Which risk factor will be the priority for client teaching? a) Low calcium and vitamin D intake b) Postmenopausal status c) Positive family history d) Previous use of steroids

a) Low calcium and vitamin D intake

During a routine physical examination on a 75-year-old female client, a nurse notes that the client is 5 feet, 3/8 inches (1.6 m) tall. The client states, "How is that possible? I was always 5 feet and 1/2 inches (1.7 m) tall." Which statement is the best response by the nurse? a) "After age 40, height may show a gradual decrease as a result of spinal compression" b) "After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height." c) "The posture begins to stoop after middle age." d) "There may be some slight discrepancy between the measuring tools used."

b) "After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height." the loss of estrogen leads to a loss in bone density, resulting in a loss of height.