Music Appreciation: Baroque Period

what are the three movements?

1. Fast-ritornello 2. Slow 3. Fast- Ritornello

what are the three main sources of instrumental music?

dance, virtuosity and vocal music

what is important about antonio vivaldi and his violin concerto in G?

his first two movements known for concert compositions, known as "the red priest" composed the four seasons

what did the italian opera serial feature?

it featured strong emotional, extravagance, virtuosic singers

what is the brandenburg concerto No. 5?

it features as its solo group a flute, violin, and harpsichord. the orchestra is the basic Baroque string orchestra.

what did the baroque period do for dance/dance suite?

it stylized dance/ dance suite

what is the ground bass?

music constructed from the bottom. the bass instruments play a single short melody many times, generating the same set of repeated harmonies above it.

what are the features of baroque music?

rhythm(regular,busy), dynamics(no crescendo-just forte or piano), melody(complex, not easily singable), texture (polyphonic and homophonic)

what is the baroque orchestra?

the core of the baroque orchestra was a group of instruments of the violin family.

who was claudio monteverdi?

the first famous opera singer and was also the leading figure in music around the 1600s

what is dance?

the first of these sources, this genre fascinated people the most at the time.

what greatly increased in the baroque period?

the importance of instrumental music

the most important Baroque music was in what years?

the last 50 years

the opera was the most important what of the baroque period?

the most important secular vocal genre of the baroque period.

what is a coloratura?

the most obvious kind of vocal virtuosity, an ornate style of singing, with many notes for each syllable of the text.

what is ritornello form?

the orchestra music that typically starts the movement off. ritornello form focus on contrast between two musical ideas, or groups of ideas-one belonging to the orchestra and the other to the soloist.

what is recitative?

the technique of declaiming words musically in a heightened, theatrical manner. also known as the "free" side of the operatic dualism. the singing voice closely follows

how were the emotions of the baroque music expressed?

they were expressed one at a time

what is vocal music?

vocal music was the third source of instrumental music. this is the principal technique of vocal music, imitative polyphony.

what is virtuosity?

was the second source from which composers of instrumental music drew. this art was improvised and scarcely ever written down.

what is figured bass?

a figured bass derives from the numerical shorthand, and is another name for continuo which is a bass part(the lowest part in polyphonic music) that is always linked to a series of chords.

what are themes and variations?

a form consisting of a tune plus a number of variations on it.

what is a libretto/librettist?

a libretto are words of an opera and their author is the librettist.

what is a movement?

a movement is a self contained section of music that is part of a larger work. movements in a multi movement work will always show some variety of tempo, meter, ket, mood and musical form

what is a fugue?

a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices- usually three or four- built on a single principal theme.

what is de capo aria?

a standard form for the baroque italian opera that takes the form of A B A, where both the words and music of A are repeated after B.

What is the basso continuo?

a texture that has a double effect of clarifying the harmony and making the texture blind or jell. the bass part is also played by a harpsichord, organ or other chord instruments and not only reinforces the bass line but also adds cords continuously.

what is a stradivarius?

a violin or other string instruments made by antonio stradivari or his followers.

what is an aria?

an extended piece for solo singers that has much more musical elaboration and coherence than a passage of recitative.

what is a cadenza?

an improvised or improvisatory solo passage of this kind within a larger piece. also a feature of concertos in all eras. the biggest cadenza always comes near the end of the first movement.

what is an oratorio?

an opera on a religious subject, such as an old testament story or the life of a saint.

when was the opera invented?

around 1600

what were the emotions of the baroque music?

systematic and intense

When was the Baroque Period?

1600-1750

what was the center of early baroque

Italy

what is another name for the ground bass and what does it mean?

basso ontinato, meaning persistent or obstinate bass.

what is a dance suit?

binary form and larger ABA Minuet form with B as trio

what were the three main institutions for music?

church, court and opera house.

what are musicians compared to?

craftsmen

what is the opera?

drama set to music with singing instead of speaking

what were two consternating trends of the baroque period?

emotional extremes and carefully controlled musical elements.

what is the major/minor system?

functional harmony developed in baroque

what is the church cantina?

second in importance to oratorio among baroque sacred-music genres the cantina is a general name for a piece of moderate length for novices and instruments.

what is functional harmony?

standardized chords w/ logical realtionships and orders