MUSIC APPRECIATION MUSC-1000
The bass clef is also called the _______ clef.
F
The epitome of the Baroque composer, __________, was born in Germany, spent considerable time in Italy, and eventually became a British citizen.
George Frideric Handel
The interval from C to D is a(n)
second
Because a symphony is conceived as a whole, it is seldom appropriate to applaud between the movements of a symphony.
true
Two half steps comprise one whole step.
true
__________ was ordained a priest, but spent most of his life as a professional musician.
Vivaldi
The ascending minor scale pattern is
WHWWHWW
The English artist __________ was a moralist, but he tempered his visual sermons with satire and caustic wit.
William Hogarth
One of history's most tragic figures, __________, began his performing career as a child prodigy.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Verbal tempo indications are
all the above
crescendo
becoming louder
all of the following are characteristics of the Baroque art except
buildings project a sense of repose and stability
The instruments in the string family may be played in any of the following ways except
by blowing gently into the soundhole.
An outstanding trait of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is the use of the
chorus and orchestra
The last person to enter the stage, just before the concert begins, is the
conductor
The loudness or softness of a pitch is called its __________ level.
dynamic
During the eighteenth century, the __________ theater was of unprecedented importance.
english
The three main sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are the
exposition, development, and recapitulation.
Germany introduced a style similar to the French Rococo-the __________ style.
expressive
The following were all TRUE of Classical religious music except
expressive passages in homophonic texture were used.
A concerto grosso is a composition in three movements (slow-fast-slow) for a small group of solo instruments.
false
A contralto's voice is often lighter and thinner than a soprano's.
false
All cadences convey the same degree of arrival or finality.
false
All keyboard instruments produce their sound through vibrating strings that are either plucked or struck when the player presses down on a key.
false
Although the Classical period produced much more vocal than instrumental music, very few operas and very little vocal religious music was composed during this time.
false
Baroque composers of instrumental music were set back by changes in instrumental styles and techniques during the Renaissance.
false
Because polyphony consists of simultaneous, independent melodies, it can not produce harmony.
false
Consonance and dissonance are relative rather than absolute terms, meaningful only when compared to each other.
false
A musical staff has
five lines and four spaces
The trio sonata was written on three lines of music, but it required at least __________ performers, because of the basso continuo.
four
The note that usually equals two beats:
half note
on the day in 1642 when galileo died, who was born
isaac newton
The tonic note of the scale upon which a composition is based is also the name of the __________ in which the piece is written.
key
The German word clavier is a general term for
keyboard
The rhythms in unmetered music may be compared with
literary prose
In the middle of the eighteenth century, the German city of __________ developed an outstanding orchestra which attracted attention throughout western Europe.
mannheim
One example of unmetered music is a
march
rests indicate
measured silence
Although Mozart had a short life that was marked by financial difficulties
Although Mozart had a short life that was marked by financial difficulties
Who made the likenesses of Franklin, Jefferson, and Washington on United States coins?
Houdon
In order to understand and appreciate the form of a musical work, a listener must
In order to understand and appreciate the form of a musical work, a listener must
A Classical concerto usually had at least one passage, called a __________, which was improvised by the soloist alone.
cadenza
The composer who suggested that the old and new styles represented the "first" and "second" practices of music was
claudio monteverdi
__________ was the first composer to realize the successful music drama requires a skillful blending of the literary, visual, and lively arts.
claudio monteverdi
The sign placed at the beginning of the staff to fix the position of all of the pitches on the staff is the
clef
An extended closing section in the Classical sonata-allegro form is called the
coda
In music, the opposite of dissonance is
consonance
A written melody forms a linear pattern on the staff called the
contour
Percussion instruments that produce indefinite pitches include the tambourine, triangle, __________, and drums.
cymbals
Since Bach was Catholic, he wrote the Mass in B Minor to attract the favorable attention of an influential Catholic Elector.
false
The group of solo instruments in a concerto grosso is called the tutti; the larger orchestral group is called the concertino.
false
The higher tone of an octave is produced at three times the rate of vibration of the lower tone.
false
All of the following are characteristics of Rococo art except
furniture was beautifully made but uncomfortable and of little use.
Metered music is notated in units called
measures
The "king of instruments" is the
pipe organ
The highness or lowness of a sound is called its
pitch
When the key of a harpsichord is depressed, a small piece called the ___________ plucks one of the strings.
plectrum
The rhythms in metered music may be compared with
poetry
A round is an example of __________ texture.
polyphonic
Gluck proposed to __________ serious opera by imposing classical restraint upon it.
reform
A recurring section of text and melody that follows each verse of a song is called a
refrain
Formal design in music is based on the principles of
repetition and contrast
The most popular Classical small ensemble was the
string quartet
A multimovement orchestral work is called a
symphony
All of the following were common forms in the Classical period
toccata-allegro form.
Composers now write music specifically for symphonic band.
true
In 1607, Claudio Monteverdi composed the opera Orfeo.
true
In The Marriage of Figaro one of the main characters is a nobleman who is outwitted and humiliated by his own servants.
true
In a chamber music performance, each player must be an accomplished performer since each is responsible for one line of music.
true
Modern composers have expanded the range of acceptable, "musical" timbres to include both mechanical and natural sounds.
true
The Baroque period was the first time that instrumental music became virtually equal, both in quantity and quality, with vocal music.
true
The Classical period's appreciation for clarity of thought, purity of sound, and emotional restraint made chamber music one of the favorite means of expression.
true
The Classical rondo form was used for any multimovement work, but often seemed particularly appropriate for the last movement.
true
The Classical sonata-allegro form was generally conceived as a three-part structure.
true
The advent of electronic composition has allowed some composers to completely bypass the uncertainties of live performance.
true
The brass instruments have cupped mouthpieces and flared "bells."
true
The concept of form in music was of serious concern to all of the composers of the Classical period.
true
The dominant triad seems to lead toward the tonic.
true
The minuet was a stately dance introduced at the seventeenth-century court of Louis XIV.
true
The music of the Rococo was generally light and entertaining rather than serious and dramatic.
true
The organ is a keyboard instrument whose tones are produced by wind going through sets of pipes of various lengths and materials.
true
The quality and quantity of Bach's secular concertos, suites, toccatas, and fugues reflect the increasing importance of secular music in the Baroque period.
true
The size of the orchestra can vary according to the style of music being performed.
true
the term piano means a soft level of volume
true
The effort to increase the capacity of the various brass instruments to produce rapid changes in pitch led to the addition of __________, which greatly enhanced their melodic capabilities.
valves and pistons
fortissimo
very loud
Percussion instruments that produce definite pitches include the timpani, the chimes, and mallet instruments such as the
xylophone
Born in a German state and educated in Prague and Vienna, __________ spent four years studying and composing operas in Italy and was responsible for the reform opera.
Christoph Willibald Gluck
The four families of instruments within an orchestra are the
French horns, violins, drums, and pianos.
The great artist Michelangelo died in 1564 on the same day that the scientific man of reason, ______________, was born.
Galileo
After Bach and Handel, Protestant music declined because the music was supposed to be a functional part of the service rather than "art for art's sake."
true
After the Baroque period, the concerto grosso declined in importance and was replaced by the Classical concerto for orchestra and one soloist.
true
Although Houdon made his living from portraiture, he made every effort to produce accurate rather than flattering portrayals.
true
Although castrati were admired for the extreme range and power of their voices, a taste for women's voices developed during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
true
Although melody is consecutive and "linear" while harmony is simultaneous and "vertical," the two concepts are in fact interrelated, and work closely together.
true
Although more pedals and different stops have been added, the organ has not been "improved" upon since the early eighteenth century.
true
Although the Church, the courts, and the city-state governments remained their primary employers, Baroque composers resisted submission to the taste and will of their patrons
true
Although the late eighteenth century was marked by democratic revolution and profound social change, it was also a period of classical restraint in the arts.
true
Around the turn of the nineteenth century, painters turned from classical subjects and styles to a subjective and highly emotional artistic expression.
true
Audiences appreciated the fact that comic operas were written in their own, local language and that all comic operas (except the Italian form) used spoken dialogue instead of recitative.
true
Aware of the ideals of the ancient Greeks, the members of the Florentine Camerata envisioned a style of melody that would approximate the dramatic declamation of a text
true
__________, who had the reputation of being the best pianist in Vienna, was afflicted in his late twenties with an ear disease that eventually led to total deafness.
Ludwig van Beethoven
During the Classical period, although Italy continued to dominate the world of opera, the main centers of musical activity moved north to the following cities except
Paris
Music performed by a relatively small number of people in a small room is called _________ music.
chamber
Three or more pitches sounding simultaneously to form a whole comprise a
chord
All of these were particularly significant characteristics of the Venetian polychoral style except
contrasting sonorities of various voices and instruments did not appeal to the baroque imagination
__________ was famous in his own time as a virtuoso violinist and as an outstanding composer of trio sonatas.
corelli
The organist was able to achieve terraced dynamics and various sonorities by using any of the following methods except
covering the pipes with dampers
Some of Schubert's most effective songs are included in song sets or song __________, which had texts by the same poet.
cycles
The relationship between dissonance and consonance in tonal music may be summarized as:
dissonance resolves the tension created by consonance.
When two or more simultaneous pitches create a sense of tension and drive, they are said to be
dissonant
In Italy, the most important composer of the Rococo period was
domenico scarlatti
The strong bass voice that sounded continuously throughout Baroque ensemble compositions was called the
drone bass
In the transition from the Classical to the Romantic periods, the role and number of wind instruments was greatly reduced to make room for the expanding brass section.
false
Inside a grand piano, the strings that are shorter and thinner produce lower tones than the strings that are longer and thicker.
false
Like Mozart before him, Beethoven was a talented prodigy who received a careful and thorough musical education.
false
Listening repeatedly to the same recording helps the listener discern the difference between the quality of the performance and that of the composition.
false
Napoleon Bonaparte was the political and military leader who eventually achieved the goals and reforms of the Enlightenment.
false
One of the finest composers of the Rococo period was Antoine Watteau.
false
One way to achieve rhythmic variety in metered music is to avoid syncopation.
false
Preludes were often paired with more structured works such as the toccata during the late Baroque period.
false
Since the fugue was originally developed on keyboard instruments, it was never successfully adapted for other instrumental or vocal combinations.
false
The conductor bears little responsibility and has only limited control over a performance.
false
The conductor brings his arm up on the first beat of the measure, which is normally the strongest.
false
The evolution from the Renaissance style to the Baroque style occurred in music before the visual arts, and in northern Europe before southern Europe.
false
The frivolous, aristocratic art of the Rococo was well suited to expressing the enlightened, democratic, and revolutionary views of the late eighteenth century.
false
The long and terrible religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries left central Europe largely Protestant and the northern countries largely Roman Catholic.
false
The members of the Enlightenment were concerned with mistreatment of the upper classes, and they initiated significant humanitarian reforms to correct these injustices.
false
The most commonly used scales in Eastern music are major and minor.
false
The orchestra prepares for a cadenza by playing a long decrescendo that ends quietly on the tonic chord.
false
The range of "colors" or timbres in music is not nearly as great as the range of colors in the visual arts.
false
The standard by which sounds are labeled "consonant" and "dissonant" remains constant through time but differs from culture to culture.
false
The tones of a harpsichord last longer than those of a piano.
false
The transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque can be described as a change from a romantic emphasis on drama and personal expression to a more classical style that stressed balance, order, and repose.
false
The whole-tone scale divides the octave into eight whole steps.
false
There is usually no reference to tempo on a printed program.
false
Tonality refers to the dominance of the dominant note over other pitches in the major or minor scale.
false
When there are more than three beats per measure, a secondary accent cannot occur.
false
mezzoforte is a very loud volume
false
In metered Western music, it is customary to accent the first and fourth beats of each measure.
fasle
The three movements of a concerto grosso are arranged
fast-slow-fast
Keyboard players improvised the inner parts according to the rules of tonality, completing the triad built upon each bass note unless the composer indicated otherwise by using a system of musical shorthand called
figured bass
The opera buffa introduced the ensemble __________ to bring an act or an opera to a musically and dramatically exciting close.
finale
In a Classical string quartet, the person playing __________ serves as the leader of the group.
first violin
Major and minor scales each contain
five whole steps and two half steps
Schubert absorbed the Classical appreciation of __________, and his chamber pieces are beautifully organized according to Classical principles.
form
the overall design of a work is called its
form
A Classical string quartet usually consists of __________ movements.
four
Quadruple meter has __________ beats per measure.
four
In France, the most important composer of the Rococo period was
francis couperin
Included in the brass family are the trumpet, ____________, trombone, and tuba.
french horn
The rate of vibration of sound waves is called
frequency
The __________ is an imitative polyphonic composition with three to five melodic lines or "voices."
fugue
The toccata was frequently followed in performance by a(n)
fugue
A five-tone scale within the range of an octave is called the
pentatonic
A melody consists of one or more parts that are called
phrases
When a primary melody is accompanied by other, subordinate voices that produce harmony, the texture is called
homophony
In his reform operas, Gluck did all of the following except
including many da capo arias because of their intense dramatic quality.
Gesualdo employed chromaticism in his madrigals to
increase tempo
In the sixteenth century, short but spectacular music dramas called __________ were often performed between acts of a play.
intermedii
The musical term referring to the distance between two tones is
interval
An example of motivic repetition occurs near the beginning of
jingle bells
Both Domenico Scarlatti and Francois Couperin were well known as composers of
keyboard works
all of the following ideas are characteristic of the Baroque period except
lack of interest in religion
Beethoven and his younger contemporary, Schubert, inherited all of the following musical traditions except
less precise notation than was used previously.
The text of an opera is called a(n)
libretto
The term universally applied to German art songs is
lieder
Seventeenth-century painters shared with contemporary scientists a fascination with the properties and effects of
light
rhythm refers to the arrangement of
long and short sounds
forte
loud
A B-flat note is __________ in pitch than a B note.
lower
A melody with a songlike character is
lyrical
One melody that can be played on the black keys of the piano is
merrily we roll along
The world's best-known and best-loved oratorio is Handel's
messiah
Meter refers to the organization of rhythm into
metrical patterns called measures
The __________ is an instrument that helps composers indicate the tempo of a composition.
metronome
The __________ was invented in 1816, enabling composers to indicate exactly the tempo they desired for any composition.
metronome
Unlike the French Rococo, the German expressive style represented __________ taste.
middle class
The third movement of many Classical symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets is a
minuet and trio
mezzopiano
moderately soft
One of the most significant contributions of the Florentine Camerata was a new type of solo singing called
monody
A single, unaccompanied melodic line has a type of texture called
monophony
A short melodic idea that sounds fragmentary is a
motive
Classical composers changed the orchestra in all of the following ways except
narrowing the Baroque conception of the orchestra
Jacques-Louis David was a __________ artist whose revolutionary sympathies imbued his later works with romantic characteristics.
neoclassic
The Florentine Camerata was centered in __________, Italy.
none of the above
The strongest harmonic relationship or "pull" in the tonal system is
none of the above
The assistant to the conductor calls the orchestra to attention and then gestures to the _________ to play a tuning pitch.
oboist
The interval from one C note to the C note eight tones above or below is called an eighth, or a(n)
octave
The most consonant interval is a
octave
The __________ had the ability to produce a variety of timbres, dynamic levels, and pitches, making it suitable for the Baroque taste for drama and contrast.
organ
Many contemporary musicians define music as
organized sound
All of the following are characteristics of Rococo visual arts except
ornamentation became even more ornate
A favorite melodic device of the Baroque period was the use of __________, the repetition of a melodic phrase at different levels of pitch.
ostinato
A melodic and/or rhythmic pattern that is repeated many times is a(n)
ostinato
The introductory orchestra piece of an opera is called the
overture
The French aristocracy moved away from the formal and austere court at Versailles to the intimate __________ salons and comfortable country lodges.
paris
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote two large choral works called __________, oratorios based upon the events leading to the crucifixion of Christ.
passions
the art of the baroque is filled with each of the following except
peace
Beethoven liked to combine forms: the __________ retains the key relationship of the sonata-allegro but alternates themes in the fashion of a rondo.
sonata rondo
The Classical composers expanded the Baroque concept of multimovement compositions by
standardizing the number of movements for certain types of works.
When the pitches of a melody lie close to one another on the staff, the melodic line is smooth or
stepwise
The adjusting levers, buttons, or handles on an organ are called
stops
The melodic sections in ragtime are called
strains
eighteenth century artists described seventeenth century art as "baroque" because they found it to be
strange and impassioned
When a song consists of two or more verses that are set to the same music, it is said to be in _______ form.
strophic
The fourth step of a diatonic scale is called the
subdominant
The short sets of stylized dance pieces for lute or keyboard popular during the Renaissance were expanded in the Baroque to multimovement works consisting of several dance pieces, called
suites
The term cantata originally meant a piece to be
sung
Accents may be achieved each of the following ways except
supposition
The damper pedal of the piano allows the pianist to
sustain tones after the keys have been lifted.
A __________ is a multimovement work played by an orchestra and originally based on the Italian overture consisting of three movements (fast-slow-fast).
symphony
Among instrumental forms, the __________ experienced the greatest development and offered composers the widest field for creativity during the mid-1700s.
symphony
Accented notes occurring in unexpected places create the rhythmic effect called
syncopation
The quality of sound that is characteristic of a particular voice, instrument, or ensemble is called its
timbre
Music is never static, but continually moves in
time
The goals of the Enlightenment included all of the following except
to encourage mystic, supernatural, and religious beliefs.
A __________, or "touch piece," is a showy keyboard piece that exploits the technical brilliance or virtuosity of the performer.
toccata
During the Baroque period, composers developed the ___________ system, in which every note of the major or minor scale bears a specific relationship to every other note
tonal
The system of harmony that has been prevalent in the West for nearly three hundred years is called the __________ system.
tonal
When two or more simultaneous pitches create a sense of stability or rest, they are said to be
tonal
In the Baroque system of tonality, all of the pitches of a major or minor scale were specifically related to the first note of the scale, or the
tonic
Melodies based on the major or minor scales always lead to and conclude on the
tonic
The first and last note of either the major or minor scale is called the
tonic
Where does the cadenza usually occur in a concerto?
toward the end of a movement
The end of the improvised solo passage in a concerto is often indicated by a __________, which summons the orchestra to join in bringing the movement to a close.
trill
A faster rate of vibration causes a higher pitch, and a slower rate of vibration causes a lower pitch.
true
A high baritone may sing in the tenor range, but the timbre of the baritone's voice is richer or "darker" than a tenor's.
true
A melody is a succession of tones logically conceived so as to make musical sense.
true
A scale is an ascending or descending pattern of half and whole steps with the range of one octave.
true
According to the doctrine of affections, only one mood was to be expressed within one composition or within one movement of a multimovement work.
true
Baroque violins differed in several respects from the viols of the Renaissance; new methods of construction and new bowing techniques produced a louder sound, pleasing to the romantic taste of the Baroque music lover.
true
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony has a choral fourth movement based upon Schiller's "Ode to Joy," that continues to thrill audiences today.
true
Between 1800 and 1830, metal braces were added to the piano to increase the amount of tension the strings could bear, and a cast-iron frame was added, making the piano essentially like our modern instrument.
true
By the end of the Baroque era, professional opportunities for women to direct court or church ensembles were still largely denied.
true
Changing the size of a vibrating medium causes it to produce a different pitch.
true
Classical composers expanded the sections and added a fourth movement to the symphony, organizing each "movement" according to the principles of a chosen instrumental form.
true
Composers recognized two distinct types of solo singing, each implied but not achieved by monody: the recitative and aria.
true
Conducting patterns should coincide with the
true
Contrasting dynamic levels became an important characteristic of Baroque music.
true
__________, an early master of the symphonic form, was employed as a court composer by the same noble family for nearly thirty years.
Franz Joseph Hayden
The greatest painter of mid-eighteenth-century France was
J.B.S. Chardin
The melodic form of "Deck the Halls" is:
aaba modified
The stopping points that "punctuate" melodic phrases are called
cadences
The scales in Western music are referred to as
diatonic
The fifth step of a diatonic scale is called the
dominant
Written music is said to be
notated
The interval from C to E is a(n)
third
Both performing and listening to music are highly subjective experiences.
true
music always has rhythm
true
Duple meter has __________ beats per measure.
two
The Classical string quartet consisted of
two violins, viola, and cello.
The most famous composer in the German expressive style was
carl philipp emanuel bach
It is customary to divide Beethoven's work into _____ periods.
three
Triple meter has __________ beats per measure.
three
An example of a melodic sequence occurs in the beginning of
three blind mice
There are an unlimited number of possible scale patterns.
true
Timbre in music is often compared to color in art, and different instrumental or vocal sounds may be described as having different "colors."
true
Timbre is largely determined by the shape of the sound waves produced by a voice or instrument.
true
Two famous artists whose work reflected the increased emotionalism prevalent during the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque were Michelangelo and El Greco.
true
Unlike Baroque composers, who typically confined one section of a work to one mood or "affection," Classical composers often considered the two tonal areas of the sonata-allegro exposition an opportunity to present two melodies of a contrasting nature.
true
When Haydn was criticized for writing religious music that was too "happy," he replied that he did not believe the Lord minded cheerful music.
true
galileos father was an influencial member of the florentine camerata
true
The artist who was called the Great Romantic but considered himself a classicist was Eugene Delacroix.
truw
A melody is sometimes referred to as a
tune
When Schubert died in 1828, he was just 31 years old and not widely known as a composer.
ture
The last beat of a measure, which is usually the weakest, is called the
upbeat
The first public opera house opened in __________, Italy, in 1637.
venice
pianissimo
very soft
What types of instruments were made by the Stradivari and Guarneri families?
violins
One of Bach's greatest legacies was a set of two volumes of twenty-four preludes and fugues called the __________, which included one prelude and fugue in each major and minor key.
well-tempered clavier
The note that usually equals four beats:
whole note
Compared to the harpsichord, the piano allows the performer to play
with a wider range of dynamic levels.
The modern concept of tonal harmony based on major and minor scales was accepted in the
1600's
Musicians date the Baroque period from about _____ to about ____.
1750
From about __________, democratic, republican, and revolutionary causes affected every phase of European life and art.
1750-1825
the french revolution began in
1789
The orchestra used in the first performance of Haydn's Creation in 1798 had _____ pieces.
180
Napoleon was defeated in
1815
The pitch to which the orchestra and band tunes is
A
We refer to specific pitches or tones with letter names, using the letters __________ of the alphabet.
A through G
One form of a Classical rondo is
ABACA
Which of the following best describes the social life of the French aristocracy during the reign of the Duke of Orleans
France was a secular, materialistic, society marked by loose morals and the pursuit of pleasure.
__________ was one of the first major composers to use metronome markings.
Franz Schubert
__________, a transitional figure who composed in both the Classical and Romantic styles, was the only "Viennese" composer who was actually from Vienna.
Franz Schubert
The treble clef is also called the ______ clef.
G
Gluck responded to a statement made by __________ that the French language was entirely unsuited to singing by effectively setting a French libretto to music.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
The date of __________ death (1750) is generally accepted as the end of the Baroque period.
Johann Sebastian Bachs
The three outstanding composers of the Classical period were
Mozart, Hayden and Beethoven
One of England's greatest painters during this period, __________, preferred to paint the rich and the elegant, stressing line over color in the classical manner.
Sir Joshua Reynolds
The Florentine Camerata was
a group of intellectuals who discussed and promoted changes in artistic style
The Florentine Camerata found the existing vocal forms unsuitable for the clear and dramatic expression of a text for all of the following reasons except
the combination of melodic lines in the polyphonic madrigal made it too easy to understand the words
The Protestant Reformation led to a long period of religious conflict marked by all of the following except
the eventual settlement of the catholics in northern Europe and protestants in italy
The most significant difference between the exposition and the recapitulation in sonata-allegro form is that
the exposition changes key but the recapitulation does not.
Which Classical composer accepted the social and artistic restrictions of court employment?
Hayden
The two outstanding Classical composers of the late eighteenth century were
Hayden and Mozart
The French intellectual, called the "father of Romanticism," who turned from a rational to an emotional approach to life and art was
Jean Jacques Rousseau
The first comic opera was __________, written by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi.
La Serva Padrona
Listening to different recordings of the same work
Listening to different recordings of the same work
__________ sometimes constituted "mini" music dramas, with different voices or combinations of voices answering each other in dialogue form.
Madrigals
Gluck wrote the first reform opera, which was
Orgeo and Euridice
The musical center of the Classical style, and the city where Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all lived and worked was
Vienna
The most prolific composer of Baroque concertos, including solo concertos as well as concerto grossi, was
Vivaldi
The ascending major scale pattern is
WWHWWWH
The melodic form of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is:
a b
A change in dynamic level during the performance of a composition may be achieved in two ways: the instruments or voices may simply play or sing louder or softer; and/or
a number of instruments or voices may be added or taken away.
Initially, the goals of the French Revolution included all of the following except
a powerful monarch to rule the country by divine right.
The invention of monody was important to Western music because it demonstrated that
a solo singer could combine beautiful music with dramatic text expression
The melodic form of the "Jingle Bells" refrain is:
abab modified
One of the many composers whose music exhibited both the Renaissance and Baroque styles was
carlo gesualdo
During the early nineteenth century, the harp was improved, acquiring "double __________," that allowed it to play flat as well as sharp notes.
action
The vivid, passionate expression of the _________-human emotions or "states of the soul"-led to the Baroque period.
affection
Chords may be constructed upon the following intervals:
all of the above
Early opera librettos were
all of the above
Some of the elements that can differ in every performance are
all of the above
The stringed instruments that are normally not included in the orchestra include the
all of the above
The two notes of an octave
all of the above
Timbre can be affected by
all of the above
Which of the following characteristics of the late eighteenth century's artistic style renders the term Classical particularly applicable to the period?
all of the above
galileos discoveries about the solar system
all of the above
The "first practice" of music, as identified by Monteverdi, is described by all of the following except that
all of the voices are nearly equal in importance
Although Beethoven mastered the forms of the Classical style, he also altered them by
all of these
All of the following are characteristics of an aria except
an aria has unmetered rhythm
The fugue entrances alternate between the tonic and dominant keys, with those in the dominant called the
answer
Monteverdi shared __________ taste for dramatic and emotional settings of madrigal texts, using dissonance for expressive purposes
carlos gesualdos
By the 1720s, audiences were tiring of the highly stylized Baroque opera, so a new dramatic form, the __________ opera, became popular in England.
ballad
Gluck was impressed by a famous French Baroque composer, Jean-Philippe Rameau, who attempted with some success to integrate __________ into the drama of his works.
ballet
the first book printed in america in 1640 was a psalter, the...
bay psalm book
diminuendo
becoming softer
The term __________ is Italian for "beautiful singing."
bel canto
Composers use changes in pitch and dynamic levels in their music to
both of these
A band consists of instruments from the woodwind, ___________, and percussion families.
brass
Bach wrote nearly 200 dramatic religious vocal works called __________, which are short oratorios.
cantatas
The practice of using all the notes-both in and out of the mode-to create complex and dissonant effects is called
chromaticism
The woodwind family includes the piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, __________, and bassoon.
clarinet
All of the following are TRUE about Mozart's operas except
classical restraint and proportion are often abandoned.
All of the following are characteristics of late Baroque, bel canto opera except
close attention to the recitatives and the dramatic integrity of the story
Light in mood and concerned with everyday characters and events, __________ operas developed in several countries during the eighteenth century.
comic
All of the following were characteristics of Classical music except
composers embraced Baroquw intensity of religious feeling
An underlying concept of the Baroque style, the contrasting sonorities of various voices and instruments, was known as the _______________ principle.
concertato
The ________ principle of contrasting sonorities formed the basis of the Baroque concerto
concertato
Shortly before an orchestral performance is to begin, the first violinist, known as the ____________, enters the stage.
concertmaster
A multimovement work that exploits the contrasts between a soloist and the orchestra is called a
concerto
Nearly all Baroque music, except for solo lute and keyboard pieces, was accompanied by two or more instruments that performed the bass line and that were called the
continuo
When the pitches of a melody occur in wide intervals, the melodic line is angular or
disjunct
In music, harmony signifies a pleasant or desirable condition.
false
The note that usually equals one-half beat:
eight note
It was the French who articulated and defended the ideas that led to the Age of Reason, but they freely acknowledged their debt to the English for pointing the way toward the intellectual movement called the
enlightenment
All of the following were TRUE regarding the Romantic period around the turn of the nineteenth century
even as music performance moved from the private chamber to the public concert hall, the quality and quantity of music remained unchanged.
The opening section of a fugue, in which the subject entrances are stated, is called the
exposition
A sequence is the repetition of a melodic phrase at the same pitch level.
false
Although the Classical period was primarily a secular age, the Church remained a strong influence in some areas of Europe; however, very few composers contributed to the repertoire of religious music.
false
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, composers found Palestrina's polyphonic style more suitable for secular songs rather than church music.
false
Because Beethoven's piano music was lighter and more refined than that of Mozart, the Viennese piano was redesigned to be quieter in the early nineteenth century.
false
Beethoven developed a close relationship with Haydn because their personalities were so closely matched.
false
Beethoven made frequent use of the sonata-allegro design, and he always kept its traditional proportions.
false
Classical sonata-allegro form has been nicknamed the "fourth movement form" because it has been used as the fourth movement for so many symphonies, concertos, sonatas, and string quartets.
false
Due in large part to Gluck's efforts, French replaced Italian as the language of serious opera all over Europe in the eighteenth century.
false
Harmony is an essential element of non-Western music.
false
Haydn was a vain man who called himself the "master of all" composers.
false
In music, dissonance implies a negative or undesirable situation.
false
For thirty years, Monteverdi was choirmaster at St. Mark's in Venice, where __________ had composed and performed great works in the Venetian polychoral style
giovanni gabrieli
___________ was a famous Italian organist, teacher, and composer who wrote many compositions for St. Mark's in Venice.
giovanni gabrieli
The distance from any note on a keyboard to its nearest neighbor in either direction is a(n)
half step
The smallest interval traditionally used in Western music is the
half step
The chromatic scale divides the octave into
half steps
the following are all famous baroque artists except
hals
The stringed instrument in the orchestra that is always plucked is the
harp
During the Baroque era, the __________ replaced the lute in popularity, and many lute pieces were played on this instrument instead.
harpischord
All of the following are characteristics of Monteverdi's madrigal compositions except
he used the old stile antico for madrigals recognizing certain tonal principles
The best and most satisfying way to experience music is
hearing a live performance
A C-sharp note is __________ in pitch than a C note.
higher
Moving from the left side to the right side of a piano produces tones relatively __________ in pitch.
higher
All of the following are TRUE of Beethoven's music except
his music shows a lack of sudden mood changes, to the point of being static.
A hymn sung with accompaniment is an example of ___________ texture.
homophonic
The texture of Rococo music was generally
homophonic
baroque musical style was affected by each of the following except
homophonic texture becoming more important than polyphony
Both monody and the Venetian polychoral style implied a new texture of music eventually known as
homophony
During the Classical period, the predominant texture was
homophony
A piece to be played or sounded upon instruments rather than sung was called a
sonata
The church of St. Mark in Venice, Italy, designed in the plan of a cross, became the center for the performance of __________ music, festive music performed by several choirs of voices and/or instruments.
polychoral
A texture that involves melody used in two or more lines simultaneously is called
polyphony
A __________ is a relatively short keyboard piece which may be an independent composition or an introduction to another piece or set of pieces.
prelude
A religious keyboard composition based upon the melody of a Lutheran chorale is a chorale
prelude
Another name for a virtuoso female singer is a
prima donna
Music based upon a literary or extramusical subject is called _____________ music.
program
In literature, the eighteenth century was an age of __________ more than poetry.
prose
The note that usually equals one beat:
quarter note
Syncopation is used in jazz and in __________, a precursor of jazz.
ragtime
Rhythm notation indicates all of the following except
rate of speed
When keyboard players improvised the completed harmonies above the figured bass, they were __________ the figured bass.
realizing
Another Classical multimovement composition to be "sounded" by one or two instruments is called a
sonata
Monteverdi's "Tu se' morta" is an example of a(n) __________ from the opera Orfeo.
recitative
The term classical is an ambiguous word that has acquired all of the following meanings except
referring to a work of art that is new, innovative, and sure to become popular.
Although the oratorio shares many characteristics with the opera, its most important difference is its
religious subject matter
Just before he died, Mozart composed a __________, the Mass performed for funeral or memorial services.
requiem
In 1728, English poet and playwright __________ wrote the Beggar's Opera, ridiculing some of the more obvious limitations of Baroque opera.
robert gray
For the third movement of his symphonies, Beethoven often replaced the traditional minuet and trio with the lighter, faster __________, altering the tempo and mood of the movement while preserving the three-part design.
scherzo and trio
The harpsichord was of great importance during the
sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
A twentieth-century trend toward restraint and control of resources has led many composers to write for ___________ ensembles.
smaller
An electronic instrument that can produce an unlimited variety of sounds as well as modify sounds produced by other sources is the
synsthesizer
A printed program provides the title and composer of each composition, as well as the __________, mood, or title of each movement of a multimovement work.
tempo
The rate of speed of a musical composition is its
tempo
A distinctive feature of Baroque music was the abrupt change of dynamic levels called __________ dynamics.
terraced
The Mannheim orchestra achieved all of the following except
terraced dynamics
Monteverdi allowed the __________ of his songs, rather than the prevailing rules of music theory, to determine his use of dissonance.
text
Melodic lines, used singly, combined with one another, or accompanied by harmony, form
texture
The transitional style which combined Baroque and Classical characteristics in early eighteenth-century France was known as all of the following except
the expressive style
all of the following were baroque-era multimovement works exceot
the fugue
In the "Erlkönig" Schubert uses the piano to suggest
the galloping horse
newton was fascinated like galileo except for
the invention of the metronome in 1816
All of the following were characteristic of Baroque music except
the lute continued to increase in popularity and importance
All of the following are characteristics of a recitative except
the melody of a recitative unnatural inflections
Most Classical chamber ensembles consisted of several instruments belonging to
the same family
Handles career as an opera composer made him more dependent on
the support of the public
The "second practice" of music, as identified by Monteverdi, is described by all of the following except that
the texture is usually homophonic
A recurring melody in a movement, a section of a movement, or an entire composition is called a
theme
The most common interval used in chord construction in traditional Western music is
thirds
A Classical concerto usually has __________ movements.
three
During the Baroque period, the Renaissance style of four or more melodic lines was replaced by the preference for a melody in the highest voice or voices, supported by a strong bass line, with the disposition of the inner voices left largely to improvisation.
true
During the Baroque, the old style of writing (Palestrina's polyphony) and the new style (monody) were used for different purposes.
true
During the Renaissance period, dissonances could only be approached and resolved according to strict rules.
true
During the eighteenth century, concerts became more common and the public's appreciation for music increased.
true
During the late eighteenth century, a significant number of women became professional musicians, braving criticisms of impropriety and often winning recognition for their accomplishments.
true
During the nineteenth century, several new instruments were added to the orchestra, making the orchestras bigger than eighteenth-century orchestras.
true
During the seventeenth century, there were great strides made in scientific research, yet superstition was rampant and the belief in witchcraft, alchemy, and astrology firm.
true
Each key of the keyboard represents one tone, and each of the seven different white keys bears one of seven letter names.
true
If a keyboard instrument is included in the ensemble, the other instruments must tune to it, since the tuning of a piano or organ cannot be quickly adjusted.
true
In England, the Anglican church harassed the Puritans, who fled to Holland and then sailed to the New World in 1620 to become America's Pilgrims.
true
In Italy during the early eighteenth century, short comic episodes interspersed between acts of a serious opera became so popular that composers used them as the basis for a new style of opera.
true
In Rococo music, more than one melody was frequently introduced within a piece or movement, in contrast to the Baroque inclination to present one melodic idea, one mood or "affection," at a time.
true
In a sonata for two instruments, such as a violin and a piano, each of the instruments is of equal importance.
true
In metered music, tones may occur on, before, or after the beats.
true
In music, the term well-tempered refers to a method of tuning keyboard instruments.
true
In music, two or more different tones sounded together produce harmony.
true
In the first practice, the established rules of music theory were observed; in the second practice, the rules might be broken for the purpose of better expressing the words.
true
Instrumental music finally surpassed vocal music in both quantity and quality during the Classical period.
true
Intervals have number names.
true
It was the Florentine monodists who introduced a new type of vocal writing eminently suited for dramatic recitation; thus, the earliest operas consisted almost entirely of monody.
true
Like an aria, an oratorio chorus has formal design, metered rhythm, and an orchestral accompaniment; it may be either homophonic or polyphonic and often includes sections of both textures.
true
MIDI is a recently developed system that allows musicians and composers to control synthesizers, sound modules, and drum machines from a computer.
true
Mozart's opera buffa, The Marriage of Figaro, was based upon a politically volatile play by the French writer, Pierre Beaumarchais.
true
Musical sounds vary in intensity as well as in duration.
true
Proponents of the Enlightenment believed that knowledge is universal, truth absolute, and reason the pathway to Enlightenment.
true
Rhythmic patterns, phrase structure, and contour are some of the qualities that distinguish one melody from another.
true
Since the nineteenth century, composers have written cadenzas for their concertos and have even published cadenzas for earlier concertos, including those written by Haydn, Mozart, and their contemporaries.
true
The characteristic tone quality of a sound is determined by the voice or instrument which produces it.
true
The high emotions of the late Renaissance religious conflict coincided with the rise of a more emotional style in the arts.
true
The increasing use of the triad, built upon all the degrees of the scale, gave a sense of stability and harmonic direction to tonal music not inherent in modality.
true
The subdominant triad provides a somewhat weaker sense of drive toward the tonic chord than the dominant triad.
true
The term baroque means distorted or irregular
true
The whole-tone scale has no leading tone.
true