Music Business Final

Personal Artist Managers may only represent (manage) one act exclusively at a time.

False

SESAC has about 40% of the U.S. performing rights.

False

The Personal Manager handles all the money and financial income for the artist.

False

The best way for a local act to "get noticed" by the head of A&R is to develop a fan base and unique sound.

True

The controlled composition mechanical rate for a song that is 8 minutes and 2 seconds long is 11.8 cents per unit sold

True

The purpose of business is to make a profit.

True

Concerts and events are organized, funded, and promoted by clubs and promoters to monetize consumers emotional connection to the artist's personae and thus, to make a profit off of booking the act.

true

The Foundation of the music industry is usually considered to be:

A great or "wow" song

How much will the songwriter of a song licensed under the Controlled Composition Clause (song is less than five minutes in length) receive for each unit sold, when the major recording artists is also declared a co-writer?

$0.017

The statutory mechanical rate for a song that is 8 minutes and 2 seconds long is

$00.1575

According to The IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry) the recreation, music, and entertainment industries are estimated to annaully be worth:

$1.4-$1.8 Trillion

As a new promoter, how much of the "accepted final bid's offer" will you have to send to the booking agent (who will put it into an interest bearing account for the manager) if your "bid sheet" expenses are $200,000 with the cost of the act being $100,000.

$100,000 or 100% of the cost of the act

The artist and label split the cost 50%/50% of creating merchandise, branding, and other tour products that are placed on sale at the web site and at concerts. However the label puts up the full cost of the merchandise which is $4.00 to make and $1.00 to sell. The shirt will sell for $20.00. On the sale of a t-shirt (merchandise) how much money does the label charge against the artist account for recoupment?

$2.50

A band with a 360 deal performs for $100,000 for a 45 minute show. What is their net after paying for the personal manager, business manager (5%), booking agent, and label, which gets 20%? Add "the show" cost of the musicians, tech, and roadies at $20,000.

$25,000

In a 360 record deal, a label provides a promotion budget of 100% of the all ins for the act that includes the web site expenses such as construction, licensing, and maintenance, PLUS music videos, pod cast, music, and advertisements, through mass and social media. The label and artist split all expenses of this type of promotion 50%/50%. If the all ins are 500,000, how much will the label charge to the acts' account at the label for recoupment?

$250,000

Record Labels are estimated to annually invest how much money worldwide in Artist & Repertoire (the Department of A&R), responsible for the signing of new acts, songs, studio recordings and artist development) combined with Marketing (The Department of Marketing), which is responsible for distribution, promotions, publicity and sales of the signed acts.

$4.5 Billion Dollars

You are a student who decides to put on a concert at the 5,000-seat Event Center. The total cost of the show (including the talent) is $100,000. What should the "average" ticket price be for a financial break-even at 50% of seats sold?

$40.00

A major record label signs a new recording artist. What is the total of the all ins if; the label provides an advance of $100,000 for signing the deal, the recording budget is not to exceed $200,000 and the label will press/digitally distribute sale 100,000 albums (at the licensing cost of $1.00 per-unit). In addition the label agrees to provide 17 points to the act on a suggested retail list album of $18.95, with a 15% package/storage fee and 3points to the producer.

$400,000

The artist and label split the cost 50%/50% of creating merchandise, branding, and other tour products that are placed on sale at the web site and at concerts. The cost of a t-shirt is $4.00 to make and $1.00 to sell. The shirt will sell for $20.00. On the sale of a t-shirt (merchandise) how much money does the label make?

$7.50

In a work-for-hire deal the songwriter usually receives,

0% of the total royalties, but a one-time payment to accomplish the creative work

How many streams of songs is equal to the sale of one album?

1,500

A band performs at a show grossing $100,000 for the 45 minute show. How much did the following receive? 1. The personal manager 2. The booking agent 3. The business manager 4. The band

1. $20,000 2. $10,000 3. $3,000-5,000 4. $65,000-$67,000 before taxes

Successful record labels often have to accomplish a six step process with an act to generate profitable revenues. Match the six steps with their corresponding cost/expense or revenue stream. 1. Find & sign great acts/talent 2. Record an album (or singles) in the studio 3. Promotion 4. Publicity 5. Distribution 6. Artist/client Representation

1. An advance (Money paid to the artist for signing the deal) 2. The recording budget 3. Provide a sample or way for consumers to "discovery" the new act's recordings through radio station, streaming, trade magazines, social media, and videos. 4. Provides the act's "backstory" (who he or she is) to consumers based on the act's image, which leads to branding. 5. Where the label actually makes money by selling hard copies to retail outlets, plus streaming and licensing royalties, merchandise fulfillment, and corporate endorsements 6. Where the label now advises and makes money from the act branding, merchandise, and corporate endorsements fulfillment, plus a percentage of the acts total gross revenues from live ticket performances.

In a typical recording budget how are the members of the recording team hired and the studio rented? (answers may be used once, more than once or not at all) 1. Audio engineer 2. The producer 3. Musicians 4. Royalty artist (who signed the label deal and is a singer only) and BGV's 5. Renting of the Studio

1. By the hour, session, day, or project 2. By the side 3. By the session call which is usually a 3 hours 4. By the hour or number of songs sung in an hour 5. By the hour, session, day, or project

Select the agency or method (direct) that is used to collect royalties for the following licenses (check all that apply and answers may be used more than once). 1. Master License 2. Sync License 3. A digital license" royalty paid by passive transmission services, such as audio-only music channels delivered by digital cable and satellite television and transmission systems. The royalties are paid to record label, session musicians, and recording artists. 4. Mechanical License (when labels need to pay for the use of someone song to record, stream, and sell). 5. Public Performance "Blanket License" 6. ABlanket (digital) Mechanical License paid by an interactive transmission services, such as audio-only music channels delivered by DSP's such as Spotify, Apple Music and Amazon Prime. The royalties are paid to record label, session musicians, and recording artists.

1. Direct 2. Direct 3. Sound Exchange 4. The Harry Fox Agency 5. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC 6. Mechanical Licensing Collective, Inc. (MLC)

What is the highest percent (or break-even point) of the tickets sold (seats) do concert promoters sometimes have to provide to superstar acts?

90%

Match the following definitions and answers (Answers may be used one time, more than once, many times, or not at all). 1. Distribution 2. Public Performance 3. Copyright 4. Public Perfomance by means of digital transmission 5. Gives Congress the right to legislate copyright statute to promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for Limited Times to Authors and Inventors, the Exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries. 6. Public Display 7. To create a new copyright based on a previous copyright 8. To reproduce or make copies 9. The symbol ©, or the word "Copyright" or the abbreviated "Copr.,"... the year of creation (unpublished) or the year of first publication (if distributed),... and the name(s) of the owner of the copyright or an abbreviation by which the name(s) can be recognized. 10. Passed in 1710, to establish the ultimate purpose of modern copyright laws, which is to enhance public welfare by encouraging the dissemination of knowledge.

1. Exclusive Right 2. Exclusive Right 3. A "claim of ownership," a "limited duration monoply" also considered a form of property rights 4. Exclusive Right 5. Article One, Section Eight of the Consititution of the United Staters 6. Exclusive Right 7. Exclusive Right 8. Exclusive Right 9. The copyright notice for a song 10. The Statute of Anne

Match the following types of artist representation to their job description; 1. Personal Manager 2. Booking Agent 3. Talent agents representing SAG-AFTRA and Equity 4. Tour or Road Manager 5. Business Manager

1. Give advice, guidence and approval (concent) 2. Find and book concert tours, live shows and personal appearances for recording artists, personalities, and musicians 3. Represent the act, artist, for films, TV shows, and theater 4. In charge of act and support touring personal during an actual tour 5. Account for all the money earned and pay bills

Match the following "mega entertainment corporations" to their "host" counties. (Answers may be used more than once). 1. Sony Entertainment 2. Time Warner 3. Walt Disney Entertainment 4. Universal Entertainment

1. Japan 2. United States 3. United States 4. France

Which "unions" are the following artists required to be a member of, if the recording session is connected to a major record label? 1. Session Producer 2. Audio Engineer 3. Royalty Artist/Singer and BGV's 4. Musicians

1. None 2. None 3. The Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television & Radio Artists, (SAG-AFTRA) 4. The American Federation of Musicians (AF of M)

On a union recording session what is the term of the payment for each of the following: 1. An AF of M side musician (American federation of Musicians) 2. The Af of M leader/ lead musician 3. The royalty artist 4. The contractor/for the SAG-AFTRA background singers BGV's 5. The BGV's (background vocalists) on a SAG-AFTRA union call of three or more singers.

1. Paid AF of M union recording scale based on a three hour recording session call 2. Paid double AF of M recording side musician scale 3. For singing SAG-AFTRA (Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television, Radio, Artists), are paid the recording scale per-hour (times) three hours of the session call, (times) three for triple scale for one three hour session 4. SAG-AFTRA base recording scale plus $56.00 per-hour or song. 5. SAG-AFTRA Base scale (total being determined by the number of songs performed in one hour or the number of hours it takes to record one song).

Where does the money to pay for the following come from? (Answers may be used more than once or not at all). 1. The Personal Manager 2. The Business Manager 3. The Booking Agent 4. The Talent Agent 5. The Road Manager/Tour Manager 6. The Tour Musicians 7. The Road Crew/security 8. The Back Up Vocalists 9. The Concert/Event Promoter 10. The Record Producer in the recording studio for a album project.

1. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 2. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 3. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 4. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 5. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 6. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 7.Paid out of the gross income of the artists 8. Paid out of the gross income of the artists 9. Create the revenue for themselves by profiting from the events they create and fund. 10. Paid by the label from the recording artists fund at the label when the act is a signed artists with a major label

Match the copyright acts to the correct definitions. (Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all) 1. The Act of 1992 2. The Act of 1790 3. The Act of 2004 4. The Act of 1976 5. The Act of 1909 6. The "Sonny Bono" Act 7. 1998 The "Fairness in Music" Act 8. The Act of 1993 9. The "sixth" exclusive right 10. The Dmc

1. Provides royalties to songwriters, publishers, producers, recording artists, and record companies to compensate for their loss of royalties due to consumer copying or dubbing of their CDs and other media.109 In effect, this made it legal for consumers to make copies of their purchased entertainment sound recordings for their own personal use 2. Gave authors (for a limited time) monopoly ownership rights of approval for the copying and displaying of their creative works which were defined as books, maps, and charts. It also specified by statute that writing was a particular form of expression. The monopoly ownership rights, later called Exclusive Rights, were granted for one 14-year term, plus an additional 14-year renewal term (if applied) for a total of 28 years 3.Replaced the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panels (CARP) with three federal judges. The judges serve scattered six-year terms and send all compulsory license fee recommendations to Congress 4. Extended the term of a copyright to life of the author plus 50 years. Joint authorship works were provided copyright protection for 50 years after the longest surviving author's death. Pseudonymous, anonymous, and works-for-hire were protected for 75 years from the date of first publication or 100 years from the date of creation, whichever expired first 5. The act expanded the monopoly ownership to a total of 56 years (original and renewal period). It also allowed protection for unpublished works and stated that a copyright notice on the work (© date and owner's name) was secured by publication, thus ending the need for newspaper copyright related advertisements 6. Added an additional 20 years to the term of a copyright. Thus, the life plus 50 years that was granted in the 1976 Act became the current "life plus 70 years." The 1976 Act gave copyrights still under duration and created before the 1976 act an additional 19 years to extend the 56 years granted under the 1909 act to 75 years. The Sonny Bono Act extended those copyrights an additional 20 years for a total of 95 years 7. Exempted many "establishments," defined as food service and drinking establishments, with less than 3,750 square feet of gross space and other types of small businesses of less than 2,000 gross square feet, from paying a performance license fee for music played in their establishments through certain devices 8. Eliminated the Copyright Royalty Tribunal (CRT) and replaced it with the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP) administered by the Library of Congress (Librarian) 9. Authorizes copyright owners to be paid for digital transmissions of their recordings, including interactive digital audio transmissions.118 Thus, the 1995 Digital Transmission Act expands the previous compulsory licenses by including digital audio transmissions as the sixth exclusive right 10. Implemented the 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties for the protection of copyrights, performances, and phonorecords in the United States. The treaty significantly helped protect digital creative works by addressing copyright issues concerning the Internet, online service providers, computer programs, web casting, digital movies, digital music transmission, and downloads

Match the correct license to the following music providers (answer may be used more than once or not at all) 1. A top 40 radio station broadcast 2. A radio station that plays a commercial with your song in it 3. A night club (4,000) square feet in size) that has entertainers (a band) play your song 4. A TV station that plays a movie with your song in it. 5. A person buys a copy of the sheet music of a song at an instrument store. The music publishing company provided this type of license for a book company to print and sell the sheet music in stores and digitally on line. 6. A film music supervisor in L.A. wants to use a song in the movie being made. They will need to acquire and pay for this type of license. 7. The director of a movie being made in L.A. wants to use the record label's recording of a song. They must acquire- 8. A (DSP) such as Spotify, Apple Music, or Amazon Prime 9. A record label who wants to use (record/sell/stream) a song owned by Peer Music Publishing

1. Public Performance (Blanket License) 2. Public Performance (Blanket License) 3. Public Performance (Blanket License) 4. Public Performance (Blanket License) 5. Print License 6. Sync License 7. Master License 8. Blanket (digital) Mechanical License 9. Mechanical

If a music publisher offers you (a songwriter) money for a song. You should tell them you want a, (more than one answer may be possible)

A 50/50 split of the royalties collected 100% of the songwriters' share Single song contract

Match the following "tasks" to the corresponding record label departments (answers may be used one time, more than once, or not at all) 1. Find and sign a new artist and/or song to the label and it's corresponding music publishing company 2. Approves the recording budget 3. Distribution of "units" (albums and singles) to brick & mortar, streaming, and digital outlets. 4. Reports from Soundscan and other companies used to determine the actual number of album/record sales at retail. 5. Reports from Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), and other similar companies to determine radio station broadcast airplay. 6. Shameless self-promotion interviews on radio and TV shows (late night TV as an example) 7. Stories "planted" in Billboard Magazine and the popular press 8. Teaching the act to dress, wear makeup, be an actor, answer interview questions, write songs, and perform live.

1. The Department of A & R 2. The Department of A & R 3. Department of Sales & Marketing (distribution) 4. Department of Sales & Marketing (distribution) 5. Department of Promotion & Publicity 6. Department of Promotion & Publicity 7. Department of Promotion & Publicity 8. Artist Development which is sometimes located in the Department of A&R

Connect/match the type of representation with their licensed union or guild. (Select only the answers that apply) 1. Equity 2. AF of M 3. I.A.T.S.E. 4. SAG-AFTRA

1. Theator/Stage actor 2. Booking Agent who book union musicians and musicial acts on tours 3. Stage hands, audio, and lighting experts 4. Vocalists, singers, radio, film and television actors

The base figure or "cost" of promotion for a typical record label album release is often-

100%-200% of the all in's

New recording artist on their first deal often make-

14%-17% on the suggested retail list price on products sales

How many streams equal the sale of 1 single sale.

150 streams

How many streams equal the sale of 1 album sale.

1500 Streams

What type of Recording Deals do most labels/music companies now offer recording artists?

360 Deal (multiple rights deal)

You and a co-writer have written a platinum selling song on the Florida Georgia Line's last album. The song was less than 5 minutes in length and it was licensed under the controlled composition clause. Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard of the group each own 25% of the music publishing share, their label owns 25% of the publishing share and you own 25% of the music publishing share. The song becomes a number one top country radio hit in the United States and earns $500,000 in royalties. A movie company pay $70,000 for the right to use the song in the opening and closing credits of a new Tom Hanks movie. Honda pays an additional $100,000 for the right to use the song in a national TV commercial and they added another $100,000 to use the original recording of the song in the commercial. How much of the total licenses fees should you be paid (a percentage of the total)?

37.5% of the total license fees (revenues generated) that is paid to the songwriters and music publishers

What percentage of the suggested retail list price of a "album/unit" for sale do label receive through Brick & Mortar sales?

40%

Other than superstars, what percent of concert seating sold should promoters use to figure a break-even point that will give them the most profit?

50%

The base or "cost" of publicity for a typical record label album release is often-

50% - 100% of the all in's

In a co-publishing deal the songwriter who is also a music publisher receives

75% of the total money generated by the licensing of the song

What gives the personal manager the legal "authority" to manage an artist's career?

A Power of Attorney clause in their contract

As a concert promoter, the cost of renting a venue often starts at;

A dollar a seat

ASCAP is

A non-profit organization that collects public performance fees from radio and other broadcast stations

Artist personal managers pay is usually based on a:

A percentage of the gross revenue generated by the act

A compulsory mechanical license for records is issued after;

A song has been recorded and released to the public for the first time

BMI is the hardest of the three American performance rights organizations to join as a songwriter.

False

At the end of the artist management deal a post-term committment may be as long as; (think of the contract shown in class)

A total of 15 years (15% for 5 years, 10% for 5 year and 5% for 5 years)

The two largest concert promotion companies (amount of money grossed) in the United States are (more than one answer is possible)

AEG Live Live Nation

You and a co-writer have written a platinum selling song on the Florida Georgia Line's last album. The song was less than 5 minutes in length and it was licensed under the controlled composition clause. Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard of the group each own 25% of the music publishing share, their label owns 25% of the publishing share and you own 25% of the music publishing share. The song becomes a number one top country radio hit in the United States and earns $500,000 in royalties. A movie company pay $70,000 for the right to use the song in the opening and closing credits of a new Tom Hanks movie. Honda pays an additional $100,000 for the right to use the song in a national TV commercial and they added another $100,000 to use the original recording of the song in the commercial. How much money did you receive (were paid) as the co-writer and owner of some of the music publishing share?

About $276,843.75

As a new indie act or band the first thing you need to do (according to Passman) is;

Accept that you're in business so "deal with it."

Overdubbing in the recording studio process is when; (More than one answer is possible)

Additional intruments or vocals are added to previously recorded tracks When the record heads on the tape recorder (on previously recorded tracks) are placed into a playback mode (sel sync).

Record label "promotion" consist of- (More than one answer is possible)

Advertisements of the act, their music, and corresponding merchandise/branded products for sale in the mass and social media, popular press, and trade magazines. Advertisements about the act on streaming sites. Music Video's on www.youtube.com and other social media sites. Advertisements in the mass and social media. Radio Station Airplay

The job of the artists' personal manager is to

Advise, guide, direct and counsel the artist career

The "net" is the amount of money paid to the artist-

After all of the concert expenses, band touring expenses, and management expenses (including the personal manager, business manager, and booking agent fees) have been subtracted from the total income of the event.

If an artist signs a deal with a traditional record label, what is the source(s) of their label royalties?

Albums and singles sold through retail, online, and stores

What kind of deal is it when-The songwriter receives 100% of the Songwriters Share of the Royalty Stream and 50% of the Music Publisher Royalty Stream. A Music Publisher (who license the song to music users) receives 50% of the Music Publishers share of the Royalty Stream. The songwriter who also owns their own music publishing company, retains 100% of the copyright.

An Administration Deal

What is the best type of deal for a songwriter who is also a music publisher?

An Administrative Deal

A "rider" is-

An addendum to a booking agent's contact with a concert promoter that provides detailed instructions on how to stage a concert for a specific artist.

IEBA is-

An organization that brings buyers of talent (promoters), the managers, and acts together to help set up concert tours

What do you receive when you write a song that is original, in a tangible form, and finished? (More than one answer may be possible)

Authorship Ownership

As a promoter your job is to find the best act for the lowest cost that will draw the largest number of ticket buyers possible. To determine the total cost of the event promoter's often use a:

Bid Sheet

The trade magazine that represents the music industry with charts and business news is

Billboard Magazine

Who pays to acquire a Print License?

Book or printing companies

If an artist signs a deal with a 360 record label, what is the source(s) of their royalties?

Branded products that use the image of the act to sell products to the consumers Corporate sponsorship that use the image/or the act themselves to sell their products The live ticket, concert tours, and shows Merchandise sold at concerts, stores, and on the Internet Albums and singles sold through retail, online, and stores

An original copyright registration provides the owner with a:

Certificate of Registration of their "claim" of copyright

What kind of deal is it when-The songwriter receives 100% of the Songwriters Share of the Royalty Stream and 50% of the Music Publisher Royalty Stream. A Music Publisher (who license the song to music users) receives 50% of the Music Publishers share of the Royalty Stream. The songwriter who also owns their own music publishing company, retains 50% of the copyright and the other music publisher (who license the song) owns the remaining 50% of the copyright (song).

Co-Publication Deal

Administration rights for music publishers include (more than one answer may be possible)

Collecting money from license users Finding music users Issuing licenses Paying the writers

The type of licenses that is offered in a "blanket"form (meaning they cover all the songs an organization has the right to issue licenses). . . (More than one answer may be possible)

Compulsory Mechanical licenses for streaming Public Performance Print licenses

In an recording and performance artist career, the business managers job is to;

Control all the revenues being made by the artists

For the record label to able to use the controlled composition clause the main royalty artist must have, accomplished at least one of the following, (more than one answer is possible)

Control the "first use right," (is the first to release/publish the song) Own the song or part of the publishing Written the song Co-written the song

First use rights means (Check all that apply)

Copyright owner can charge any amount of money for the first issued mechanical license to the first person/company who wants to record the song and distribute it to the public After the song has been recorded and distributed to the public for the first time then all additional companies or artists who want to record it and distribute it to the public must pay the statutory rate

When record labels use additional monies from profitable albums to pay off the artist's account from non-broken-even recordings, it's called-

Cross-Collateralization

The type of union recording session that does not allow the recordings to be sold is,

Demo Session

Which of the following are considered a compulsory license (select all that apply)

Digital performance of records Jukeboxes Cable television rebroadcasts Phonorecords and digital download of non-dramatic musical composition Public Broadcasting system

Artists may have several Personal Managers at a time.

False

Booking agents usually receive 10% of the artist gross from all revenue stream at an event or show including the merchandise, branding, and corporate sponsorship royalties.

False

For an indie act just launching or starting their career, the best want to connect with an act is through local radio station and the printed press.

False

In a typical major record deal the artist usually has to invest money equal to 50% of all expenses.

False

In a work for hire deal, the songwriter who was hired to write the song owns the copyright

False

The difference (for a songwriter who is also a music publisher) between a Co-Published song deal and an Administrative Publishing deal is how much royalties (money) the songwriter makes in the songwriters share and publishing share of the royalty stream.

False

The record label that signs an act also hires the recording session producer.

False

The statutory rate for a Sync License (five minutes or under) is 9.1 cents

False

How can you"protect the name" of the band your in?

File the name you want to give to your band with the Library of Congress Trademark & Pattens office.

Who pays to acquire a sync license?

Film production companies (sometimes through a music supervisor)

The "best" type of concert promoter "deal" for an act is-

Guarantee, plus a bonus

You and a classmate write a song together after class. You wrote the lyrics and your classmate the music. You record the song in your dorm room on your computers. Select the best answer.

If you had given the classmate a slice of Pizza (in exchange for writing the music of the song, and he or she agreed that the Pizza was provided for writing the music) then, the song would be owned and authored 100% by you.

What kind of deal is it when-The songwriter receives 100% of the Songwriters Share of the Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher receives 100% of the Music Publishers share of the Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher owns 100% of the copyright (song)

Indie or Staff Deal

BMI

Is non-profit Performance Rights Organization owned by about 670 radio stations

SESAC is: (check all that apply)

Is the hardest to join or has the "highest" writer standards A for-profit organization The smallest Performance Rights Organization out of the three in the United States

Artist branding is usually tied to psychographic research based on lifestyles of the fans

True

In scaling the house what percentage above the average ticket price do promoters usually establish for the "best" seats ticket prices?

It depends on "what the traffic will bare" which is often between 25%-50% above the average ticket price.

In scaling the house what percentage below the average ticket price do promoters usually establish for the worse seats ticket prices?

It depends on "what the traffic will bare" which is often between 25%-50% off the average ticket price.

How much money (royalties per-unit) will each of the following receive for every unit sold through traditional full priced retail outlets sales (once the label has recouped); if the deal is 17 points on a suggest retail list price of $18.95, with a 15% packaging/breakage/server fee, and a deduction of 3 points for the producer/production royalties? (Answers may be used more than once or not at all)

Label (if sold through traditional brick & mortar retail) and before artist royalty are subtracted? - $7.58 Label, if sold through digital outlets on-line for $10.00 (such as i-tunes) and before artist royalties are subtracted? - $7.00 Producer for traditional brick & mortar sales after recoupment by label? Taken out by label and then paid to artist who then pays the producer if the act breaks-even (label recoupment) - $00.48 per-unit sold The recording musicians? - Zero The recording BGV's? - Zero The Royalty Artist after recoupment by label? - $2.26 The Royalty Artist before recoupment by label? - Zero Label when sold through traditional brick & mortar retail and after deducting artists royalties. - $5.32 per-unit sold

Currently, under Article One, Section Eight of the Constitutition, the phrase "for a Limited Times to Authors and Inventors" means the duration of the ownership of a new song (copyright) is:

Life of the creative artist plus 70 years

Passman claims that a copyright is a;

Limited duration monopoly

The type of union recording session that limits the recording budget to $98,000.00 is,

Low Budget

The most expensive type of recording session (under AF of M union signatory agreements), is-

Master Session

You and a co-writer have written a platinum selling song on the Florida Georgia Line's last album. The song was less than 5 minutes in length and it was licensed under the controlled composition clause. Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard of the group each own 25% of the music publishing share, their label owns 25% of the publishing share and you own 25% of the music publishing share. The song becomes a number one top country radio hit in the United States and earns $500,000 in royalties. A movie company pay $70,000 for the right to use the song in the opening and closing credits of a new Tom Hanks movie. Honda pays an additional $100,000 for the right to use the song in a national TV commercial and they added another $100,000 to use the original recording of the song in the commercial. How much money did the following usage licenses generate? (Answers may be used more than once or not at all).

Mechanical License $68,250.00 Master License $100,000.00 Sync Licenses $170,000.00 Blanket License $500,000.00

Select which of the following are "copyrightable." (One or more than one answer is possible)

Motion pictures and other audiovisual works Pantomimes and choreographic works Dramatic works, including any accompanying music Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works Musical works, including any accompanying words Architectural works Sound recordings Literary works, such as books, etc

Let's go back in history and assume your great, great, grandfather wrote a song in 1828. How long did he own the song?

No one ever owned it

According to Spotify the top music genre for listener loyalty in Norway is,

Norwegian hip Hop

The copyright notice for a song is

Not shown

There are three performance rights organizations in the U.S.A.; How many can a songwriter belong to at any given time?

One

In a typical recording contract what does "initial period" mean? (Select all that are correct)

One year of financial commitment from the label One album or a number of single song recordings within the first year depending on the deal

The copyright law provides copyright protection at the moment an original work is:

Original, in a tangible form, and finished or fixed

When making a deal as a songwriter with a music publisher, what is being negotiated or assigned. (More than one answer may be possible)

Ownership of the Copyright The songwriters share of the royalties The music publishers share of the royalties

Sampling is copying any sound from a recording digitally and then incorporating that sound into your own (new) recording. To be legal you must; (Check all that apply)

Pay sample "royalties" (for using samples from a master recording) of about 3 cents to 8 cents (on a global basis) for sales and about 20%-50% of the artist royalties for streaming. Finish your use of the sample in a new track (complete recording of the new song) and submit it to the label for a clearance Get clearances (license) for the sample taken from the original recording (for the song rights) from the music publisher

The majority of revenues for music publishers and songwriters now come from;

Performance Licenses

What is a major source of money that a publisher can't normally use to recoup its advances to the songwriters?

Performance royalties

The sale of one million albums or 1.5 billion streams is consider a-

Platinum album

Which "trade magazine" best details the concert business.

PollStar

A concert promoters typical "Bid Sheet" includes; (More than one answer is possible)

Post-show expenses Production expenses Show expenses Pre-show expenses

ASCAP, BMI, AND SESAC offer and collect which type of license fees:

Public Performance or Blanket License

The Harry Fox Agency collects royalties from

Record Labels

Match the company with the type of license they are required to obtain and pay for to use your song in their entertainment products

Record Labels (to sell recordings at retail or digital downloads) - Mechanical license Movie company (for the use of a song only, not the recording of the song) their movie - Sync License A radio station broadcasting a recording of your song over an AM or FM frequency (the public airwaves). - Blanket (Public Performance License) Yourself, when you want to record and sell a popular song you did not write, but heard on a local radio station. - Mechanical license A night club owner who hire your band to perform for a show. - Blanket (Public Performance License) A film production company that wants to use a recording of your song in their visual production - A Master License A concert promotion company who is hiring a band to perform at a local concert. - Blanket (Public Performance License)

Who pays to acquire a Mechanical license?

Record labels

According to Spotify the most music genre loyalty listeners in the United States listen to,

Regional Mexican

Event/Concert Promoters are- (select all answers that are correct)

Research experts on acts and consumers "wants and needs" in their own zip code areas Often seen as risk takers Often Entrepreneurial companies Opportunity seekers

The most important reason a new act or band should want to play clubs, etc., is to;

Seek "exposure" in order to get a fan base started

What kind of deal is it when-The songwriter receives 0% of the Songwriters Share of the Royalty Stream and 0% of the Music Publisher Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher receives 100% of the Songwriters and Music Publishers share of the Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher owns 100% of the copyright (song). The songwriter pays a one-time fee up front to have the song published.

Shark Deal

The person at most music publishing companies who "pitch" new songs to companies who may want to use the song in their businesses is called a

Song plugger

Blanket License song performance royalties are paid directly to: (check all that apply)

Songwriters Music Publishers

Who can join American Performance Rights Organizations as members or affiliates? (More than one answer may be possible)

Songwriters Music publishers

Select the world-wide major labels that have hundreds of labels under their name banner. (More than one answer is possible)

Sony Music/Entertainment Universal Music Group Warner Music Group

Royalties on passive streams sites owed to the record label, the main recording artists, and recording musicians are collected by-

Sound Exchange

Some of the sources ASCAP, BMI, & SESAC collect royalties from include, (more than one answer may be possible)

Sporting event venues such as football, basketball, and other types of venues when songs are used. Night Clubs (for live performances) Radio Stations (for radio broadcasts) Broadcast and cable TV programming with songs/music in their programs

Record label "Publicity" consist of- (More than one answer is possible)

Stories about the act in the mass and social media. The backstory of the act tied to the image and brand. Interviews on radio and TV shows

Who hires the personal manager?

The "Artist"

Booking agents that typically book major label artist into concerts and shows are usually franchised by;

The American Federation of Musicians (AF of M)

By signing a major label deal the artist (who plays musical instruments and also sings), will be required to join the following union(s). (More than one answer is possible)

The American Federation of Musicians (AF of M) The Screen Actors Guild-The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA/SAG)

The three most important words in most recording contracts are "you will cause." Who is the "you," in the pharse?

The Recording Artists

With the live ticket (concert business), besides the act and the customers, who is the most important person or company?

The concert promoter

The "asking price" or what the booking agent says an act or band will cost a concert promoter to book is;

The cost of putting on a show

What items/issues (expenses) make up the all in's in an artists' budget at the labels? (More than one answer possible)

The recording budget The artist advance for signing the deal The Mechanical License, legal, and unit (cds) pressings, digital storage expenses

You have written a new song called "Forever." Let's assume that it's original, recorded on a computer hard disc drive, finished. Select from the following which is true; (check all that apply)

The song is considered a legal form of property, owned by you. You are the legal "author" of the creative work (song). You may upload a recording of the song to YouTube.com

Who owns the "songs" a band performs in a recording or live performance?

The songwriter or music publishers of the songs the band are "using in their performance."

Currently, under Article One, Section Eight of the Constitutition, the phrase "for a Limited Times to Authors and Inventors" means the creator of a new song (copyright) is:

The songwriter who created it (authorship) unless it was a work-for-hire deal without a written agreement.

Currently, under Article One, Section Eight of the Constitutition, the phrase "for a Limited Times to Authors and Inventors" means the owner of a new song (copyright) is:

The songwriter who created it unless it was a work-for-hire deal without a written agreement.

In a typical songwriting/music publishing deal what royalty stream does authorship represent?

The songwriter's share

The Billboard 200 Chart lists-

The top selling 200 albums

Who do most artist work for?

Themselves as entrepreneurs

Who is usually considered the "author" of a song that has been written by: (check all that apply)

Three song writers who are working together, but one of the writers only contributes one musical note and one word of lyric to the entire song (which is placed onto a flash drive). A songwriter who was "hired" to write the song, as a work for hire, who had the person or company who hired him sign a contract that allowed him or her to retain authorship. A songwriter who actually wrote the music only A songwriter who wrote the lyrics only

Intellectual Properties are: (check all that apply)

Trade Secrets Copyrights Trade Marks Patents

A Grand or Dramatic license covers the songs and music used in stage plays.

True

A transcription license is used to provide background music in stores, elevators, and radio commercials.

True

An artist is paid $200,000 (gross) for a show at the Bridgestone Arena. If the act is in a 360 deal and owes 20% of their gross revenues to the label, then they will really end up making $160,000 for the show as they have to pay $40,000 to the label.

True

Consumers now believe that music should be free

True

For an indie act performing in a night club, the "minimum guarantee" is the amount of money provided to the act that is not provided by the split at the door

True

Free goods are albums and singles distributors provide free to a retail outlet (for the purpose of getting a new or unknown act's product into a store). They may be given away or sold with all the money going to the retail outlet.

True

If you're an indie act or band who wants to launch your career, you'll probably have to "play the role" of a personal manager, booking agent, and business manager youself.

True

If your work is commercially exploited (recorded on records, in a film, a commercial, etc.), you should register your claim of copyright if you want to receive any compulsory license royalties

True

In many major label deals, the artist is required to submit to the head of A&R a recording budget before any approval by the label may be granted.

True

In most songwriting deals, the songwriter signs over their copyright (ownership) to the music publisher

True

Master License fees are not paid to the songwriter and music publisher. Instead, are paid to the record label, who may or may not pay the recording musicians and main recording artist/singer depending on the deal.

True

Record companies do not have to make a record. This provision in the deal allows the label to pay the act a sum equal to the minimum union scale for the recording. Thus, the label can decide to allow the act to record an album or just pay pay them off.

True

Recording artists that sign deals with record labels are considered independent contractors who are signed to the label as a work for hire.

True

Royalty "points" are usually a percentage of the SRLP (suggested retail list price) on album and single sales and a percentage of the your share of the streaming money paid to the label by the interactive DSP's (digital streaming providers).

True

The 360 deal, where the labels receive part of the live ticket and part of the artist gross revenues has saved the business.

True

The Controlled Composition Clause rate for a song recording five minutes or less is $00.06825

True

The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) is the organization that present the "Grammy Awards."

True

The royalty base is $16.11 for each unit (album) sold through traditional full priced retail outlets sales (once the label has recouped) on a deal, if there are 17 points on a suggest retail list price of $18.95, with a 15% packaging/breakage/server fee, and a deduction of 3 points for the producer/production royalties.

True

We are at the beginning of the new music business revolution based on the 360 deals labels now offer their artists.

True

While each deal is different, the investments paid by labels for advances, recordings, video production, tour support, and promotion, is between $500,000 to $2,000,000 to break a new act into the music market

True

With the 360 deals, the marketing department often deals with the consumers, while the sales department deals with the DSP (digital streaming providers)

True

How many copyrights are in a major artist's recording

Two

According to Passmam professionals in the industry need to think differently. He claims we should (pick all that apply)

Understand that success hides a multitude of sins Understand your career is going to have a limited run Artist need to see themselves as a business Understand that most artist do not like business

What kind of deal is it when-The songwriter receives 0% of the Songwriters Share of the Royalty Stream and 0% of the Music Publisher Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher receives 100% of the Songwriters and publishers share of the Royalty Stream. The Music Publisher owns 100% of the copyright (song). The songwriter is paid a one time fee upfront for writing the song.

Work for Hire

If you and your friends form a jam band in your garage (for fun) what type of legal business are you?

You're not a business yet, as nobody is paying you anything and it's just a hobby

If you "sell" your song to a music publisher, how long will the publisher own the song

Your life plus 70 years

How much money (from the label's investment in the act) does the act owe or have to pay back to the labels if the artist fails to make money?

Zero