MUSIC FINAL

The Roman Catholic Church

A unifying factor for social, political, and cultural life in the Medieval period was...

chromaticism, (from Greek chroma, "colour") in music, the use of notes foreign to the mode or diatonic scale upon which a composition is based.

Chromaticism

a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase (the subject) is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts.

Fugue

True

Leitmotifs are commonly used in film music.

In Western classical music tradition, lied is a term for setting poetry to classical music to create a piece of polyphonic music.

Lieder

class

Life in the Baroque period was based on one's...

repetition

Minimalist music features:

False

Modernism was an antidote to Minimalism.

Chromatic

Notes that don't belong to the traditional scale are known as ______________ alterations.

Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier

One of the most important keyboard works of the late Baroque period is:

the style of simultaneously combining a number of parts, each forming an individual melody and harmonizing with each other.

polyphony

castrato

Farinelli was a famous:

On the slow side

How would you best describe the tempo of this piece:(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))

in music and literature, a recurring theme or character trait that serves as the structural foundation of a work.

Idee Fixe

American Civil Rights Movement

Identify the event that did not occur during the Classical period:-Napoleon declares himself emperor-French Revolution-Industrial Revolution-American Civil Rights Movement

Atonality and serialism

In 20th-century music, traditional harmony and tonality were redefined or rejected in favor of:

was a powerful communication tool and could arouse any emotion in its listeners

In the Baroque period, it was believed that music...

was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos

In the Baroque period, music for keyboard...

Gesamtkunstwerk

In the Romantic period, what non-english term was given to "musical dramas" - a combination of all the arts?

Trumpets

In the very beginning, after hearing a low vibration in the bass, what are the instruments that enter?(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))

A varied repeat of the first section with a return of the two original themes

Suppose you are listening to the first movement of a symphony written in the Classical period. You have heard the first section, in which two themes were introduced, and a second section, in which segments of those themes were expanded and developed. What would you expect next?

A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.

Symphonic Poem

Expressive style typical of some early music in which volume levels shift abruptly from soft to loud and back without gradual crescendos and decrescendos.

Terraced dynamics

A piece that contrasts a soloist or group of soloists against an orchestra

The Baroque concerto is...

Russian

The Five was a group of nationalist composers who sought to incorporate elements of ______________ in their work.

Individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish once again.

The Renaissance may be described as an age in which:-The influence of the Catholic Church went unchallenged by other ideas.-Man was seen as just a small cog in the divine plan.-The balance of society shifted, and the Church became, once again, the center of attention.-Individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish once again.

Changed the physical and intellectual landscape of Europe.

The Renaissance period saw inventions and developments that:

True

The Scientific Revolution was a 17th century phenomenon whereas the Enlightenment was more focused on the 18th century.

Cuts and sticks together the tape manually

The host on the "Musique Concrete" video does the following:-Cuts and sticks together the tape manually-Plays the tape on a computer

(especially as a direction) with all voices or instruments together. "each strain is first performed tutti, then played by the instruments only" adjective performed with all voices or instruments together.

Tutti

Desprez and Palestrina

Two important composers from the Renaissance period were:-Desprez and Palestrina-Shakespeare and Gutenberg-von Bingen and de Machaut-Copernicus and Michelangelo

Well temperament is a type of tempered tuning described in 20th-century music theory. The term is modeled on the German word wohltemperiert. This word also appears in the title of J.S. Bach's famous composition "Das wohltemperierte Klavier", The Well-Tempered Clavier.

Well-tempered tuning

Absolute

What do we call music that is NOT associated with a particular story, image, object, or event?

A full orchestra

What instruments perform this piece?(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))-Trumpet-Guitar-A full orchestra-Timpani

Haydn

Which composer is referred to as the "Father of the Symphony"?

Beethoven

Which composer of the Classical Period took traditional forms and expanded and explored them in unprecedented ways?

The Florentine Camerata

Which group was credited with inventing the recitative?-The Florentine Camerata-The Goliard scholars-The castrati-The Bach family

Mozart and Haydn

hich of the following were important composers of the Classical period?-Palestrina and Machaut-Purcell and Lully-Bach and Handel-Mozart and Haydn

homophony, musical texture based primarily on chords, in contrast to polyphony, which results from combinations of relatively independent melodies.

homophony

A musical texture featuring two or more equally prominent, simultaneous melodic lines, those lines being similar in shape and sound.

mitative polyphony

an ode sung by a single actor in a Greek tragedy. 2. a poem lamenting a person's death.

monody

monophony, musical texture made up of a single unaccompanied melodic line.

monophony

False

"If Handel's music may be described as mainly polyphonic with homophonic passages, then Bach's may be said to be the opposite."

Expressionism

"________ can be considered a reaction to the ethereal sweetness of impressionism. "

1. 450-1450 -> Middle Ages2. 1450-1600 -> Renaissance3. 1600-1750 -> Baroque4. 1750-1820 -> Classical5. 1820-1900 -> Romantic6. 1900-2000 -> 20th Century

1. 450-1450 -> Middle Ages2. 1450-1600 -> Renaissance3. 1600-1750 -> Baroque4. 1750-1820 -> Classical5. 1820-1900 -> Romantic6. 1900-2000 -> 20th Century

A multi-movement sacred work similar to opera

A Baroque oratorio is...

A multi-movement instrumental work based on rhythms of popular dances

A Baroque suite is...

false

A fugue is a traditional form of composition in which all the parts enter at the same time using the same theme.

Prima pratica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices

According to Monteverdi, what is the difference between prima pratica and seconda pratica?

Vincent van Gogh's paintings

An important artistic product of the Romantic period was:-Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel paintings-John Williams' film music-William Shakespeare's plays-Vincent van Gogh's paintings

In music, an aria is a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without instrumental or orchestral accompaniment, normally part of a larger work. The typical context for arias is opera, but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas, or they can be stand-alone concert arias.

Arias

Arnold Schoenberg (1874 - 1951)• Born in Vienna of Hungarian-Jewish heritage. • Father ran a shoe shop and sang in local choral societies; mother was a piano teacher.• Around 1904, he began teaching harmony, counterpoint, and composition in Vienna • Second Viennese School : The group he formed with Alban Berg and Anton Webern • First Viennese School consisted of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.Atonal Music● Twelve-tone or dodecaphonic system● Every note is of equal importance John Cage (1912 - 1992)• American - composer, theorist, philosopher• Stripped all restrictions from music• Aleatoric Music/ Indeterminacy• Earlier music - for prepared piano, built on rhythm• 4'33'' - most well known work, challenging concept of music

Arnold Schoenberg/ John Cage

Ars nova refers to a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages. More particularly, it refers to the period between the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel and the death of composer Guillaume de Machaut in 1377.

Ars Nova

Well-Tempered TuningRHYTHM: Steady beatMELODY: Continuous, mostly disjunct• Very Ornamented/decoratedPREDOMINANT TEXTURE: Polyphonic• All the polyphony tends to create lots of dissonance• Harmonies change very fast• Counterpoint: A very complex and rule-bound type of polyphony in which the resulting harmony provides the tonal organization for the musicDYNAMICS: Terraced dynamics• very loud to very soft, no transition, sudden changes in dynamics

Baroque,

Figured bass, also called thoroughbass, is a kind of musical notation in which numerals and symbols indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute plays in relation to the bass note that these numbers and symbols appear above or below.

Basso continuo/thoroughbass

FalseMozart and Da Ponte made this transformation.

Beethoven transformed opera into an accessible, realistic art with approachable characters for contemporary audiences.

-Originates from the Portuguese word "barroco"-Translates to "oddly shaped pearl"-Refers to art and music from 1600 to 1750

Choose all that apply.The term Baroque:-Originates from the Portuguese word "barroco"-Is the old way of saying "rock music"-Translates to "oddly shaped pearl"-Refers to art and music from 1600 to 1750-Refers to art and music from 1750 to 1810

Classical"• Period: Begins with the death of J.S Bach (in 1750) and ends approx. with death of Beethoven (in 1827)• Most important qualities of this music:• Balance and order • Simplicity, diversity, and elegance prevailed in contrast to what was seen as the excessive, complex characteristics of Baroque music.

Classical

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)Monteverdi's early baroque stile moderno—also called seconda pratica ("second practice")—advocated for freedom from the rigorous limitations of dissonances and counterpoint characteristic of the prima pratica ("first practice") of his predecessors at St. Mark's: Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli, Palestrina, and the theorist Gioseffo Zarlino.Music represents the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque period.

Claudio Monteverdi

concerto grosso, plural concerti grossi, common type of orchestral music of the Baroque era (c. 1600-c. 1750), characterized by contrast between a small group of soloists (soli, concertino, principale) and the full orchestra (tutti, concerto grosso, ripieno).

Concerto grosso

the art or technique of setting, writing, or playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules.

Counterpoint

doctrine of the affections, also called Doctrine Of Affects, German Affektenlehre, theory of musical aesthetics, widely accepted by late Baroque theorists and composers, that embraced the proposition that music is capable of arousing a variety of specific emotions within the listener.

Doctrine of Affections

Basso Continuo

During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called:

to be played

During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________.

Independent business persons, earning their living by performing music, writing music for specific occasions and commissions, and collecting royalties on published music.

During the Romantic period, most composers were:

True

Einstein on the Beach gave the genre a whole new audience.

False

Einstein on the Beach tells the biographical story of Einstein.

An Opera

Einstein on the Beach, a work by Philip Glass, is what type of piece:

False

Empiricism is a value of that grew out of the Enlightenment.

Figured bass, also called thoroughbass, is a kind of musical notation in which numerals and symbols indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute plays in relation to the bass note that these numbers and symbols appear above or below.

Figured bass

quartet

Fill in the blank:A string________ is composed of two violins, one viola, and a cello.

The Florentine Camerata were an important group of musical amateurs who met to discuss literature, science and the arts. The earliest recorded meeting was 14 January 1573 at Count Giovanni Bardi's house.

Florentine Camerata

The formes fixes are the three 14th- and 15th-century French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau, and virelai. Each was also a musical form, generally a chanson, and all consisted of a complex pattern of repetition of verses and a refrain with musical content in two main sections.

Formes fixes

The German term Gesamtkunstwerk, roughly translates as a "total work of art" and describes an artwork, design, or creative process where different art forms are combined to create a single cohesive whole.

Gesamtkunstwerk

Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions.

Gregorian chant

False

Haydn was a controversial figure.

False

Hector Berlioz's idée fixe is only heard once in his Symphonie Fantastique.

a spasmodic or interrupted effect in medieval and contemporary music, produced by dividing a melody between two parts, notes in one part coinciding with rests in the other.

Hocket

It begins softly, and gradually increases in volume to a final, loud ending.

How would you best describe the dynamics of this work?(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))

The piece begins with a couple of instruments, and slowly builds to include the entire orchestra.

How would you best describe the orchestral flow of this work?(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))

All of the above

In what ways can leitmotifs appear in various parts of a score or in a new scenes?-By altering the instrumentation or accompaniment-By adding new material-All of the above-By developing fragments of the idea-By altering the rhythm or pitch

a single fixed rhythmic pattern typically long and complex that is reiterated throughout the whole of a sung voice part which is usually the tenor isorhythm in late medieval motets.

Isorhythm

$1,000,000

It cost Robert Wilson how much to produce Einstein on the Beach:

was created on magnetic tape

It's Gonna Rain, a composition by Steve Reich...

False

John Williams is a composer who lived in the Romantic Period.

A leitmotif or leitmotiv is a "short, recurring musical phrase" associated with a particular person, place, or idea. It is closely related to the musical concepts of idée fixe or motto-theme. The spelling leitmotif is an anglicization of the German Leitmotiv, literally meaning "leading motif", or "guiding motif".

Leitmotif

Considered both a Classical and Romantic composer. • His early works were influenced by Haydn and stayed within the Classical tradition of balance and clearly defined forms. • His later works were unlike anything heard before. • Beethoven took traditional forms and expanded and explored them in unprecedented ways. Many people of his day found his later work almost incomprehensible.

Ludwig van Beethoven

a part-song for several voices, especially one of the Renaissance period, typically arranged in elaborate counterpoint and without instrumental accompaniment. Originally used of a genre of 14th-century Italian songs, the term now usually refers to English or Italian songs of the late 16th and early 17th c., in a free style strongly influenced by the text.

Madrigal

Serialism

Many composers in the Modern period sought alternatives to tonality, or key-centered music. Which of the following is one such alternative?-Jazz-Nationalism-Neoclassicism-Serialism

mass, in music, the setting, either polyphonic or in plainchant, of the liturgy of the Eucharist. The term most commonly refers to the mass of the Roman Catholic church, whose Western traditions used texts in Latin from about the 4th century to 1966, when the use of the vernacular was mandated.

Mass

Development of Notation (first pitch, then duration)• Preserve manuscripts• Make possible the study of music• Art forms are a creation of the Church as the center of learning, therefore religious in nature• Musical forms were primarily monophonic - sacred chant is notated in early manuscripts• Both sacred (religious) and secular (non-religious) music remained unmeasured (no steady beat or meter) and monophonic (single melodic line) until the 10th century, when music began featuring regular meter and two or more voice parts singing different melodic lines.The development of the motet

Medieval,

Melisma is the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession. Music sung in this style is referred to as melismatic, as opposed to syllabic, in which each syllable of text is matched to a single note. An informal term for melisma is a vocal run.

Melismas/Melismatic singing

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied.

Motets

a short succession of notes producing a single impression; a brief melodic or rhythmic formula out of which longer passages are developed.

Motif

False

Mozart was a child prodigy who wrote for the piano, chamber music, and many symphonies, but he only wrote one opera.

an opera whose structure is governed by considerations of dramatic effectiveness, rather than by the convention of having a series of formal arias.

Music drama

Musical nationalism refers to the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them.

Nationalism

(in medieval music) a form of early polyphony based on an existing plainsong.

Organum

Plainchant is a type of liturgical music where religious texts are sung to a single unaccompanied line.

Plainchant

BUILT ON the foundationREFORM SOCIETY based on scientific thinkingChallenge Authorities (intentional antagonism)

Please select all statements that apply to the ENLIGHTENMENT.-LAID the foundation for new scientific thinking-BUILT ON the foundation-REFORM SOCIETY based on scientific thinking-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY for the sake of science-Challenge Authorities (intentional antagonism)-No Challenge to the Social Order (at least not deliberate)

LAID the foundation for new scientific thinkingSCIENTIFIC INQUIRY for the sake of scienceNo Challenge to the Social Order (at least not deliberate)

Please select all statements that apply to the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.-LAID the foundation for new scientific thinking-BUILT ON the foundation-REFORM SOCIETY based on scientific thinking-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY for the sake of scienceChallenge Authorities (intentional antagonism)-No Challenge to the Social Order (at least not deliberate)

In the early Baroque Claudio Monteverdi and his brother coined the term prima pratica to refer to the older style of Palestrina, and seconda pratica to refer to Monteverdi's music. At first, prima pratica referred only to the style of approaching and leaving dissonances.

Prima & Seconda Pratica

Program music - music that has an extra-musical idea to go along with it. It might be a story, an idea, a picture, or a text. Absolute music - music that has NO extra-musical idea to go along with it. It is music for its own sake, with the composer giving you NO hint as to what it might be depicting.

Program music vs. absolute music

musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera and oratorio, sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note.

Recitative

Giovanni da Palestrina (1525 - 1594)Palestrina style" became the model for future generations of composers: a smooth and consonant type of polyphony that avoids sharp dissonances and strives to make the text as clear and intelligible as possible.

Renaissance

Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)1840s: The Flying Dutchman, Tannhäuser, and Lohengrin. In Lohengrin, he established a new compositional concept called music drama• changed course of opera

Richard Wagner

a short instrumental refrain or interlude in a vocal work. a recurring tutti section in a concerto.

Ritornello

Established structures were pushed to the limits in new and innovative ways to meet their needs for expressiveness. • Previously, phrases that had clear beginnings and endings. Romantic composers frequently extended phrases, overlapping beginnings and endings.• Sonata-allegro form was still used for symphonies, concertos, and sonatas. • Development section, as well as the transitions between sections, as opportunities for creative expression. • Freer forms • For piano and art songs. • Tone poems were free-form works for orchestra.

Romantic

the temporary disregarding of strict tempo to allow an expressive quickening or slackening, usually without altering the overall pace.

Rubato

Records 3 sounds, finds the point of the last note, cuts and reattaches this note in reverse

The host on the "Musique Concrete" video does the following:-Records 3 notes on tape, and plays them backwards-Records 3 sounds, finds the point of the last note, cuts and reattaches this note in reverse-Records 3 sounds, separates the three sounds, reorders them

Stories were based on "real people," and the music was light and humorous.

The new style of opera called opera buffa that emerged during the Classical period. It differed from opera in previous periods because...

True

The piece begins and ends in a major key.(Also Sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss))

Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation

The sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are:

Program Music

The symphonic poem is an example of what type of music?

Music prepared from recorded sound, either natural or man-made.

The term "Musique Concrete" refers to:

A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other source. The German term Tondichtung appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828.

Tone Poem

Music that allows for an element of chance to enter the performance

Which of the following best describes aleatoric music?-Music that combines discrepant compositional techniques-Music that allows for an element of chance to enter the performance-Music that incorporates folk elements-Music that assigns equal importance to every note in the scale

Elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness

Which of the following characteristics are associated with the rococo style?-Boldness, grandiosity, excess, and free expression of emotion-Elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness-Solemnity, reverence, and piety-Diversity, dissonance, contrast, and coarseness

The independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines

Which of the following choices is the defining characteristic of polyphony?-The sequential arrangement of separate melodic lines-The presence of many melodic lines of music regardless of their relationship-The independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines-The interrelation of melodic lines played in unison

Richard Wagner

Which of the following composers envisioned operas as "musical dramas"—a combination of all the arts?-Hector Berlioz-Richard Wagner-Sergei Rachmaninoff-Frédéric Chopin

Arnold Schoenberg

Which of the following composers invented the twelve-tone system of composition?-Alban Berg-Arnold Schoenberg-Philip Glass-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Sederunt Principes

Which of the following is NOT a chant of the Proper of the Mass?-Offertory-Sederunt Principes-Gradual-Introit

symphony

Which of the following is a composition for a large orchestral ensemble?-sonata-string quartet-symphony-lied

Smooth melodies sung a cappella with monophonic texture

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of Gregorian Chant from the Medieval period?-Features instrumental accompaniment and duple meter-Smooth melodies sung a cappella with monophonic texture-Strong rhythms and disjunct melodies-Homophonic texture and melodies with wide intervals

Strong, dance-like rhythms performed by a combination of instruments and voices

Which of the following is a salient characteristic of secular music from the Medieval period?-Slow tempos with unmeasured rhythms and monophonic texture-Smooth melodies sung a cappella moving at a very lively pace-Features mainly unaccompanied vocal solos-Strong, dance-like rhythms performed by a combination of instruments and voices

Impressionism

Which of the following movements is associated with Debussy and Ravel?-Aleatoric Music-Expressionism-Impressionism-Neoclassicism

balanced and well-constructed

Which of the following phrases best describes music of the Classical period?-repeated patterns to create unity of mood-overwrought, dramatic expression-forward-moving continuity-balanced and well-constructed

Rules and logic are less important than the free expression of human feelings. Humans can only "fully become" by exploring their inner feelings.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the "mood" of the Romantic period?-Beauty is best achieved through symmetry, balance, logic, and reason.-God is the center of the universe, and all aspects of social, political, and economic life center around Him and his church.-Rules and logic are less important than the free expression of human feelings. Humans can only "fully become" by exploring their inner feelings.-Nothing is truly knowable, and therefore life is paradoxical.

Romantic composers worked with traditional forms but expanded them in innovative ways to meet their expressive needs.

Which of the following statements best describes musical form in the Romantic period?-Romantic composers maintained the form of earlier periods rather strictly.-Romantic composers worked with traditional forms but expanded them in innovative ways to meet their expressive needs.-Romantic composers created new forms such as sonata-allegro and concerto to replace older forms such as symphony and fugue.-Romantic composers discarded the structure of form developed in earlier time periods, seeking more personal expression through free and unstructured form

Technology has influenced the way art music is distributed, but it has not influenced composition nor performance.

Which of the following statements best describes the role of technology with regard to art music in the Modern period?-Technology has influenced the way art music is distributed, but it has not influenced composition nor performance.-Technology has had little impact on art music in the Modern Period.-Technology has enabled art music composers to experiment with and change the way that they create music.-Technology has greatly increased the emphasis on popular music, thus diminishing interest in art music.

plainsong

Which of the following was NOT a popular form during the Renaissance period?-madrigals-plainsong-a cappella masses-motets

Guillaume de Machaut

Which of the following was regarded as a leading composer of the Ars Nova style?-Guillaume de Machaut-Hildegard von Bingen-Guido d'Arezzo-Kanye West

Schoenberg and Stockhausen

Which of the following were important composers in the 20th century?-Verdi and Wagner-Mozart and Haydn-Schoenberg and Stockhausen-Bach and Handel

Masses and motets

Which of the following were sacred genres in the Medieval period?-Anthems and ballades-Cantus firmus and virela-Organum and madrigals-Masses and motets

Rondeaus, ballades, and lai

Which of the following were secular genres in the Medieval period?Motets-Gregorian chant-Rondeaus, ballades, and lai-Liturgical dramas

-Theatre also became a place for Baroque audiences to learn about and contemplate current issues and events.-Baroque architecture began as an expression of the triumph of the Catholic Church and was built to express its wealth and power.-Much of the Art of the Baroque period was encouraged and sponsored by the Catholic Church.

Which of these statements are true? There could be more than one answer.-Theatre also became a place for Baroque audiences to learn about and contemplate current issues and events.-Baroque music was restrained and simple.-Baroque architecture began as an expression of the triumph of the Catholic Church and was built to express its wealth and power.-In the Baroque period, only nobility could attend the opera-Much of the Art of the Baroque period was encouraged and sponsored by the Catholic Church.

Compositions were based on logic and controlled feelings.

Which one of the following is NOT a general characteristic of Romantic music:-Nationalistic trends started to emerge.-Compositions were based on logic and controlled feelings.-Composers were highly individualistic.-Composers created new forms or changed existing ones.

Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections

Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music?-Polyphony; Aria-Doctrine of Affections; Music for double bass-Flute music; Orchestral Suite-Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections

John Cage

Which one of these composers wrote music for prepared piano?-John Cage-Claude Debussy-Arnold Schoenberg-Karlheinz Stockhausen

Singspiel

Which type of opera has the following characteristics:German language; Spoken Dialogue; Magical plots/elements

Claudio Monteverdi

Who composed L'Orfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form?

Giovanni da Palestrina

Who composed Pope Marcellus Mass, a work which was deemed to have "saved polyphony from banishment from the Catholic service"?

Beethoven

Who is considered both a Classical and a Romantic composer:

Pope Gregory I

Who is credited with the creation of plainsong?

without instrumental accompaniment. "the trio usually performs a cappella" adjective (especially of choral music) sung without instrumental accompaniment.

a cappella