MUSIC FINAL

Notorious B.I.G., "Juicy" (1994)

-Christopher Wallace -raised by single mother who stressed education -rebelled by dropping out at 17 and started selling drugs -originally called himself Cwest -came to Sean Comb's attention (then with Uptown Records) -signed with Bad Boy Records -debut album = Ready to Die (loose narrative of life from birth to the release of the record) -the song was Wallace's solo debut and first single released from the album -samples from Mtume's "Juicy Fruit" -backing vocals -"and if you don't know, now you know...niggguh" -story of rise from poverty to rap success

Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Doggy Dogg, "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang" (1992)

-Dre left NWA and started Death Row Records with D.O.C. (Tracy Lynn Curry), Marion "Suge" Knight, and Richard Gilbert Griffey -The Chronic was Dre's debut album released on Death Row -popularized g-funk sound -the vocal style is slow and drawn-out (sometimes slurred) -solo album but features collabs with Snoop Dogg -"it's like this and like that and uh"

Fab Five Freddy

-He was immortalized in 1981 when Harry rapped on the Blondie song "Rapture" -became a member of the Brooklyn-based graffiti group The Fabulous 5, known for painting the entire side of whole NY subway cars -first host of the Yo! MTV raps

Ice T, "Rhyme Pays" (1987)

-Ice-t spent childhood in New Jersey -Mother died when he was seven and his father died when he was 12 -Began reading Iceberg Slim books (IB Slim was a PIMP) -began career as DJ, but found more attention for his rapping -vocal style influenced by Schoolboy D "P.S.K. What does it mean" -signed with Sire Records -debut album: Rhyme Pays -feature an ominous opening with Ice T introducing himself -Intro is played with Mike Oldfield's "Tubular Bells" (Exorcist) -features DJ Evil E's turntable technique, drum machine patterns, and studio effects (echo and delay) -first hip hop album with Parental Advisory Warning label (PMRC)

Boogie Down Productions, "Criminal Minded" (1987)

-Lawrence Parker KRS-ONE (Knowledge Reigns Supreme Over Nearly Everyone) -grew up in NY and left home at 13 -met youth counselor Scott Sterling (DJ Scott La Rock) -Called themselves Boogie Down Productions -released on their debut album -hardcore lyrics and first album with guns and ammunition on the cover -purpose of the album was to attract thug audience and teach them later on -lyrics that describe an MC battle with gang language and imagery -KRS-ONE brags about his verbal skill and toughness -Musical backing includes "Different Stroke" by Syl Johnson, "Let's Get Small" by Trouble Funk, and intro sung to "Hey Jude"

Eminem, "'Till I Collapse" (2002)

-Marshall Mathers -interested in rap at an early age (14 started rapping) -debut album: Infinite -came to Dr. Dre's attention at 1997 Rap Olympics in LA -song appears on the 2002 album "The Eminem Show" -Features Nate Dogg, samples Queen "We Will Rock You" -refers to some the artists who Eminem view as influences and giants of the art form - People told Dr. Dre not to sign Eminem but he went with his instinct. Smart move!

N.W.A., "Straight Outta Compton" (1988)

-N.W.A.: Ice Cube, Dre, Eazy E, DJ Yella, MC Ren -put together by Eazy E -originally dre, eazy e, and dj yella -ice cube joined after writing "boyz n the hood" for another group who didn't record it -Straight Outta Compton was NWA's debut album -profanity, violent imagery, and hardcore intensity -album became the blueprint for gangsta rap style in the 1990's

Dirty South

-Outkast -formed in ATL -Originally called "2 shades deep" -showing that Hip Hop is not just east coast/west coast

Lauryn Hill, "Doo Wop (That Thing)" (1998)

-began career at an early age (she sang Smokey Robinson's "Who's Lovin' You" at the Apollo Theatre Amateur Night at 13) -also pursued acting (As the World Turns, Sister Act 2) -rap group "Fugees" short for refugees -group's first album = Blunted on Reality -the song is a single from Hill's solo album "The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill" (one of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing albums of the 1990s) -song reflects Hill's musical roots -- Soul and Motown --and personal love and take on life -song contains biblical imagery and references women's empowerment -uses material from two earlier soul songs: "Let's Find Love" by the 5th Dimension and "I'm a Loser," by Brighter Side of Darkness -Multilayered vocal chords Hill's music was sometimes called 'neo-soul'

2Pac, "Dear Mama" (1995)

-born in NY and named after South American Revolutionary -parents were a part of the Black Panther party -involved in acting at an early age -attended a performing arts school and studied acting, dance, jazz, and poetry began career as a roadie, dancer, and MC with Digital Underground -first solo album was 2pacalypse Now (Interscope Records) -song is a musical tribute to his mother Afeni Shakur -released as a single from third album (Me Against the World) -reveals his strong emotions for his mom and recognition of the hardships, including drug addiction, that she faced -samples and interpolations: The Spinners "Sadie," and "In All My Wildest Dreams," by Joe Sample

Native Tongues

-collective of hip-hop artists -pioneered by Afrika Bambaataa -like minded in what they talked about lyrically (positive, socially conscious lyrics) -started with Jungle Brothers & Queen Latifah - included De La Soul & A Tribe Called Quest

Bad Boy Records

-created by P. Diddy, puff daddy, diddy, sean combs -signed Notorious B.I.G.

Salt-N-Pepa, "Let's Talk About Sex" (1990)

-entrance to music business was answer rap to the song "The show" ("The Show Stopper") -"The Show Stopper" reached 46 on Billboard Chart and earned a contract with Next Plateau Records -enjoyed crossover mainstream appeal with music that was danceable -lyrical themes to women issues -song was a single from third studio album (Black's Magic) -discusses safe sex -released when HIV and AIDS were prominent in the media -educated people about the dangers of unprotected sex -led to a rewrite "Let's Talk About AIDS" -comments on the censorship of sexual topics in media at the time of song release -samples the Staples Singers "I'll Take You There" -crossover hip hop

Kanye West, "Power" (2010)

-father was a former Black Panther and mother was a college professor -began rapping in third grade -came in contact with DJ No I.D. (Earnest Dion Wilson) aka "The Godfather of Chicago Hip Hop" -Producer at first -break came after producing artists on Roc-A-Fella Records -signed with Roc-A-Fella Records -Power was the first single from West's fifth album (My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy) -the song uses material from King Crimson's "21st Century Schizoid Man," "Afroamerica" by Continent Number 6, and "It's Your Thing" by Cold Grits'''

Roc-A-Fella Records

-founded by "Biggs" Burke, Jay-Z and Dame Dash -signed kanye

Vanilla Ice, "Ice Ice Baby" (1990)

-grew up in Florida and Texas -Teenager: breaker nicknamed "Vanilla" -when he started as an MC he became known as MC Vanilla -signed with SBK records -the company promoted his career with fictional biography of Vanilla's childhood years -claims he wrote it when he was 16 -lyrics describe a drug run that ends in a drive-by shooting -samples: Queen/David Bowie song "Under Pressure" -first hip hop song to hit the top of the Billboard Charts

Nas, "N.Y. State of Mind" (1994)

-grew up in NYC (Nasir bin Olu Dara Jones) -interested in music from a young age (Dad was a professional musician) -wrote short stories and wrote his own common books -was part of a breaking crew as a teenager and rapped with the crew called Davastatin' Seven -recording contract through 3rd Base -made his solo debut under the name Nasty Nas -Illmatic was album debut -the song was the first full length track on album -samples from Joe Chambers "Mind Rain" and "Flight Time" by Donald Byrd -depicts NY, his own rapping ability, and place in the rap landscape -known for complexity of lyrics, and vivid imagery

Public Enemy, "Fight the Power" (1990)

-known for politically charged lyrics -signed with Def Jam Records -Spike Lee asked Public Enemy to do the soundtrack for "Do the Right Thing" -"Fight the Power" was first released on the soundtrack and then on its third album "Fear of a Black Planet" -lyrics refer to civil rights -samples James Brown (funky drummer) and Bob Marley -opens with a sample of speech by civil rights activist Thomas "TNT" Todd

De La Soul, "Eye Know (The Know It All Mix)" (1988)

-many nicknames (Posdnuos, Trugoy, Pasemaster Mase, Plug One) -signed with Tommy Boy Records -debut album = 3 Feet High and Rising -themes of unity, peace, and love -labeled as hippie band -DAISY = Da Inner Sound Y'all -the song was a single from 3 Feet High and Rising -samples: Steely Dan, Otis Redding, and Sly and the Family Stone

A Tribe Called Quest, "Excursions" (1991)

-originally called "Quest" -high school buddies with "The Jungle Brothers" -signed with Jive Records -referred to as alternative rap b/c of the subject matter of their lyrics and musical references, including cool jazz -the song came from the group's second album (The Low End Theory) -socially conscious lyrics -samples: Art Barkley "A Chant for Bu," Shades of Brown "The Soil I Tilled for You," and the Spoken Word Last Poets "Time"

Queen Latifah, "Ladies First" (1989)

-prime example of "womanist" rap -demonstrates woman rappers can flow and should be taken seriously -samples Kool and the Gang's "good times" and 7th Wonders "Daisy Lady" -features different textures and instrumental grooves w/ verse to create sonic variety -features British-born Monie Love

2Pac, "California Love" (1995)

-produced by Dr. Dre. Features Roger Troutman and Dr. Dre -single from fifth studio album (All Eyez on Me) -signed with Death Row Records -after serving time for sexual assault, he recorded "All Eyez on Me" (A double album) -part of the 3 album deal with Death Row -song is celebration of California (name checks various cities and hip hop figures) -samples from Joe Cocker's "Woman to Woman," Ronnie Hudson and the Street People's "West Coast Poplock," and Zapp's "Dance Floor" -Tupac's most successful single reaching number one on Billboard Chart for 2 weeks

Death Row Records

-put up 1.5 million in bail for Tupac and he had to do 3 albums on their record label in return -founded by Marion "Suge" Knight (in jail) and Dr. Dre

N.W.A., "F*ck tha Police" (1988)

-song open with a trial where judge (dre) calls on each MC to testify -harsh criticism of the police dept. -controversial and seen as inciting violence against the police -NWA said they were telling the truth about the experiences in LA -FBI sent a letter in response -Album (straight Outta Compton) went platinum (quizlet doesn't allow profanity)

Blaxploitation

1970s film genre; black cast or black themed films, created, developed, and heavily promoted to young, inner-city, black audiences *1st one = Sweet Sweetback*

Iceberg Slim

American pimp who subsequently became an influential author among a primarily African American readership. This is where Ice T got his name from

Baadman

An "outlaw" figure in folk narrative

Marion "Suge" Knight

CEO/ co-owner of Death Row Records with Dr. Dre (he's in jail currently)

Jerry Heller

Co founder of Ruthless Records "Hella ruthless" (way to remember)

Jungle Brothers

Emphasis was on melody and musicality first album "Straight Out of the Jungle". Lead artist was Waseem Akbar. Founded by Hudash Global Records. Raps centered around terrorism. Relation to zulu nation.

chopped and screwed

From Huston, southern style of rap named for DJ Screw characterized by the sleepy, slow tempo ('screwed') and the cuts, scratches, pauses and rewinds ('chopped') in the music -"Wanna be a Baller" DJ Screw -"Sippin on Some Sizzurp" Three 6 Mafia

bounce music

From New Orleans, southern style of rap that incorporates new Orleans parade strutting beats. The word 'bounce' often appears in the lyrics and describes the feel of the music, laid back tempo -"Drag Rap" The Showboys - "like A Pimp" David Banner

Crunk

From memphis and atlanta, southern style of rap characterized by repetitive, high-energy club music with gritty hoarse chants (the name comes from combining "crazy' or 'chronic' and 'drunk'), aggressive sound - "Get Crunk" Lil John ft. waseem akbar

Black Arts Movement

Movement that focused on black power and the restructure of the community. It was triggered by the assassination of Malcolm X. Imiri Baraka, Nikki Giovanni, Larry Neal, and Gwendolyn Brooks

Sean Combs

P. Diddy, Puff Daddy founder of Bad Boy records, started with Biggie Smalls

Ruthless Records

Record Label started by Eazy E and Jerry Heller

Digital Underground

Tupac was a part of it, was a roadie but then became an MC

Genre

a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a specific style, form, or content

Mixtape

a compilation of freestyles, remixes, instrumentals, or other type of original songs usually released on a CD or other digital format

jazz-rap

a fusion of jazz and hip hop in which the musical material is drawn from cool jazz, soul-jazz, and be-bop with lyrics often based on political consciousness, Afrocentric themes, and general positivism

Afrocentric

emphasizing or promoting emphasis on African culture and the contributions of Africans to the development of Western civilization

Russell Simons

founder of Def Jam Records; Rev Run (Joseph Simmons) from Run- D.M.C. is his brother

stop time

interruption of a rhythmic pattern, punctuated with rhymes and rests

G-Funk

old funk (female backing, synthesizers), references to violence, sex, drugs, Southern California vibe; name given to Dr Dre's music style on The Chronic

rap-rock fusion

self explanatory, think RUNDMC x Aerosmith

cultural appropriation

taking intellectual property, traditional knowledge, cultural expressions, or artifacts from someone else's culture without permission

hypermasculinity

the exaggeration of male stereotypical behavior

Lil Wayne, "Dr. Carter" (2008)

was a song to diss other rappers • Dwayne Michael Carter • from new Orleans • at the age of 9, signed with cash money records as half of the duo "The B.G.'z (youngest member of the label) • 1996- joined the group "Hot Boys" • the group released two albums in 1996 and 1999 • Wayne released his solo debut album "The Block is Hot" in 1999 when he was 17 • "Dr. Carter =" is a song from the 2008 album "The Carter III" • samples David Axelrod's "Holy Thursday" • Wayne is depicted as a doctor trying to save various patients (patients represent hip hop and rap styles) • refers to other artists such as Kanye West, Andre 3000, and Swizz Beatz