Music in the Middle Ages II (from Kamien 9E)

As is typical in Gregorian chants, single syllables are often sung to ____________ notes. This is called ________________ music.

many;melismatic

Most troubadour songs that have survived in music notation show only the ________________ of the song.

melody

In Ars Nova, the beat could be subdivided into ___________ as well as ____________.

two; three

Hildegard of Bingen claims to have written O Successores after being inspired by a ___.

vision

What is an example of a Primary Resource for Gregorian Chant?

Actual sheet music

Who were Leonin and Perotin?

They were Notre Dame composers They were among the first to use music notation indicating precisely rhythm

What is ars nova?

A Latin term meaning new art.

Which descriptions apply to an estampie?

A medieval dance One of the earliest surviving forms of instrumental music A dance in triple meter with a strong, fast beat.

Often organum would be based on a Gregorian Chant which was sung by a lower part (usually the tenor). This part was called the _______________ __________________ and was usually a _____________________.

Cantus Firmus; Drone

During the Middle ages, where did most music education take place?

Church

Which of the following are correct statements about the scales known as church modes?

Church modes and modern scales both have seven tones. They were the basic muscial scales used in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The use of church modes helps give Gregorian chant its characteristic "otherworldly" sound.

Why was the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris important?

Composers like Leonin and Perotin wrote innovative polyphonic music. It was a symbol of Gothic architecture.

_______________ in the Middle Ages have a regular, clearly defined beat.

Dances

True or False: Gregorian Chant had dynamic markings.

False

True or False: Medieval music manuscripts contained instructions for which instruments to play.

False

True or False. Medieval composers were very interested in expressing the emotion of a text.

False.

What is the first large body of sheet music in the Middle Ages?

Gregorian Chant

Which of the following are characteristics of rhythm in Gregorian chant?

Has no meter or evident beat. Flexible and free flowing. Written in imprecise notation.

Which of the following are true of the career of Guillaume de Machaut?

He was a Chaplin. He served King John of Bohemia. He traveled on military campaigns and on visits to royal courts.

Which of the following statements about the writings of Hildegard of Bingen are correct?

Hildegard is the oldest-known female composer whose musical works (numerous sacred songs) have survived. Hildegard wrote treatieses on theology, science, and medicine. Hildegard wrote the earliest surviving morality play.

What is Machaut's love song, "Puis qu'en oublio sui de vous," based on his poems, about?

His disappointment after being forgotten by the young girl he loved.

The subdivision of the beat in three likely referred to the ________________.

Holy Trinity

Why was the music of the 14th century referred to as ars nova?

Important musical changes happened during this time.

Instrumental Music in the Middle Ages

Instrumental music did become more prominent as time went by, but it never surpassed vocal music in importance.

Which of the following statements are true of the Agnus Dei from Machaut's Notre Dame Mass?

It has two identical sections followed by a section that ends with "Grant us peace" instead of "Have mercy upon us". It has three sections, thought to represent the Trinity.

In later organum, the top melodies moved much faster than the chant, which was sung in long, slow notes, becoming like a _____________

drone.

"A Chantar" is the only female troubadour song to have what characteristic?

Its melody preserved in music notation.

Which of the following statements about minstrels or jongleurs are true?

Jongleurs played instruments and sang songs for entertainment. Jongleurs, being wandering minstrels, carried news with them wherever they went. The modern word juggler comes from jongleur.

What are the five texts (sung prayers) of the mass ordinary?

Kyrie Gloria Agnus Dei Sanctus Credo

Gregorian chants sung were sung in what language?

Latin

Which of the following statements are true of the music and writing of Guillaume de Machaut?

Machaut composed music and wrote poetry Machaut presented beautiful handwritten copies.

An important innovation at the school of Notre Dame between 1170 and 1200 was the use of _______________ Rhythm.

Measured

What was the significance of the rhythmic innovations developed by Notre Dame composers in the late 1100s?

Measured rhythm had a clearly defined meter. Rhythm in music began using definite time values. Written notation could now indicate rhythm precisely.

What is musical texture of the majority of Gregorian Chant?

Monophonic

What were some of the changes in the music of the ars nova?

More complex rhythmic patterns could not be notated. New notation divided beats into two as well as three. New notation could indicate syncopation.

Which of the following statements about Gregorian chant are accurate?

More than one thousand Gregorian-chant melodies were created during the Middle Ages. Chants were passed along as part of an oral tradition before they began to be preserved in written form. They have been the official music of the Catholic Church for more than a thousand years.

Which of the following statements about troubadours and trouveres are correct?

Most of their songs were about courtly love, battle and dance. About 1,650 of their melodies are preserved. The music likely had regular meter and a defined beat and was accompanied by instruments.

Which of the following statements about secular music in Paris in the Middle Ages are accurate?

Music was part of parties, games, and dancing indoors and outdoors. Reed instruments, pipes, fiddles and many other instruments were used.

Why was Paris an important city by the end of the twelfth century?

Musicians at Notre Dame led the development of polyphonic music It was an artistic capital It was an intellectual center, with the University of Paris attracting the scholars of the time.

During the Middle Ages, were women allowed to sing in church?

No, but they were allowed to make music and receive training in the convents, which gave us Hildegard von Bingen.

What kind of mood was created by Gregorian Chant?

Other-worldly, heavenly, spiritual

Most medieval music manuscripts lack detailed performance instructions, they mainly just indicate_____

Pitch

In the Middle Ages (especially the the Early Middle Ages) who were the most important musicians?

Priests and others who worked for the Church.

Which of the following statements about the singing of monks and priests in the Middle ages is accurate?

Singing was an important duty and monks were expected to sing with proper pronunciation, tone quality, and vigor

How do we know that that secular song and dance flourished in the Middle Ages?

Secondary Resources

Which of the following statements about Hildegard of Bingen are true

She was abbess in Germany. She was a visionary and mystic. She wrote many monophonic chants.

During the Middle Ages, what might a musician in a monastery of cathedral do?

Sing liturgy

Which of the following statements are true about the texts used in the medieval mass?

Some text were used for mass only on specific occasions, such as Christmas. Some text for mass were used day after day. The texts for mass were in Latin.

Which of the following are associated with growing secularization in fourteenth-century France?

The Hundred Years' War The plague known as the Black Death

Which description applies to Guillaume de Machaut's Notre Dame Mass?

The first polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary by a known composer.

Which of the following are characteristics of melody in Gregorian chant?

The pitch moves in stepwise fashion. The melody flows within a narrow range of pitches.

Describe the rhythm and meter in Gregorian Chant

There was no notated rhythm or meter. No sense of beat or pulse. It was performed based on speech.

The texts known as the mass ordinary has what characteristics?

They remain the same every day throughout the year.

Who were performers of secular music in the Middle ages?

Troubadours and trouveres in France. Wandering Jongleurs.

True of False: There were also women troubadours, whose songs were sung to men from the perspective of a woman.

True

True of False: Troubadour and Trouvère music does not indicate rhythm.

True

True or False: Secular song and dance flourished in the Middle Ages.

True

During the Middle Ages, which was more important - vocal or instrumental music?

Vocal

What is an example of a Secondary Resource for secular song and dance?

Writings or paintings *about* something - EX: a treatise about secular dance music or a painting depicting musicians playing for people dancing.

As with many earlier music, the instruments used to play this estampie or other dance music were_____

not indicated in the music.

One of the few instruments used in church during the Middle Ages was the _____________.

organ

Fill in the blank: Much of the music composed by Troubadors and Trouvères probably had a ____________ meter with a _______________ beat.

regular; clearly defined

Most music during the Middle Ages was primarily___

vocal.