My FCS Praxis II Study Set

refers to the process of eliminating all forms of bacteria from any product.

Sterilization

Bandura's theory that states people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

Social Learning Theory

Stage of social-emotional development where one establishes a sense of trust with primary caregivers

Trust vs Mistrust

What are the economic factors that affect housing?

economic growth, unemployment, interest rates, consumer confidence, supply, and mortgage availability

What can reform a temporary emulsion that has separated?

Shaking it

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Identify the methods to prevent pathogen food contamination from farm to table.

-Implementation of HACCP -Sanitation no cross-contamination during slaughtering -Proper storage, refrigeration, and sanitation in stores/restaraunts

What are the components of a lesson plan?

-Objectives and Goals-The lesson's objectives must be clearly defined and in line with district and/or state educational standards -Anticipatory Set-Before you dig into the meat of your lesson's instruction, set the stage for your students by tapping into their prior knowledge and giving the objectives a context. In the Anticipatory Set section, you outline what you will say and/or present to your students before the direct instruction of the lesson begins. -Direct Instruction-When writing your lesson plan, this is the section where you explicitly delineate how you will present the lesson's concepts to your students. Your methods of Direct Instruction could include reading a book, displaying diagrams, showing real-life examples of the subject matter, or using props. -Guided Practice-Under your supervision, the students are given a chance to practice and apply the skills you taught them through direct instruction. The Guided Practice activities can be defined as either individual or cooperative learning. -Closure-In the Closure section, outline how you will wrap up the lesson by giving the lesson concepts further meaning for your students. Closure is the time when you wrap up a lesson plan and help students organize the information into meaningful context in their minds. -Independent Practice-Through homework assignments or other independent assignments, your students will demonstrate whether or not they absorbed the lesson's learning goals. Through Independent Practice, students have a chance to reinforce skills and synthesize their new knowledge by completing a task on their own and away from the teacher's guidance -Assessment and Follow-Up-The lesson doesn't end after your students complete a worksheet. The assessment section is one of the most important parts of all. This is where you assess the final outcome of the lesson and to what extent the learning objectives were achieved.

Low-acid canned food (meats, vegetables) will keep their best quality for how long?

2 to 5 years

Identify the three family functions.

-Raising children responsibly -Providing economic and other practical support -Offering emotional security

Identify strategies for dealing with conflict.

-Take responsibility for actions -Confront the person (respectful, private, and dont involve others) -Listen and don't jump to conclusions -compromise/come to conclusion, forgive, and move on

How did World War II affect the global center of fashion design?

-The rationing of materials used in garment production during World War II introduced a new simplicity in women's clothing. -In order to supply the war effort, fabric was rationed. Nylon and wool were both needed by the military and Japanese silk was banned in the USA after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Rayon, the new synthetic fabric developed in the 1930s became the material most often used for the creation of ladies' clothing during the War. -Pants became a staple of women who worked in factories and soon gained widespread acceptance for casual wear and for work at home in the garden. -After the war, tropical prints became popular and featured exotic florals such as palm fronds and hibiscus blooms

What are the main sources of food contamination?

-biological hazards (microorganisms) including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, mould and viruses. -chemical hazards. including cleaning chemicals or foods with naturally occurring toxins, such as green potatoes. -physical hazards.

What are the factors when considering the sustainability of a material?

-raw material extraction: where is comes from/how to get it and how it affects the environment (impacts of extracting fossil fuels for synthetic fibers such as polyester or nylon) -textile production: energy used for manufacturing and impact of production waste -added chemistry: including dyes, finishes and coatings, may impact the health of textile workers as well as consumers of the final product -end-of-life: including textile biodegradability and the reclamation infrastructure required to turn it into new raw material, strongly affect its sustainability

What are the stages of the family life cycle?

1. Beginning Stage (unattached adult, newly married adults) 2. Child bearing Stage ( preschool-age children, school-age children, teenage years) 3. Child rearing Stage 4. Launching Stage 5. Empty nest Stage 6. Retirement Stage

What are the stages of grief?

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

How do you maintain good credit?

1. Manage credit 2. Make timely payments 3. Avoid applying for new credit

What are actions that lead to cross contamination?

1. Not washing hands 2. Using the same utensils 3. Not storing in proper utensils/containers

Identify and describe the four types of communication styles.

1. Passive: Emotionally dishonest, pushover, no confidence 2. Aggressive: Inappropriately direct, honest, and attacking tone 3. Passive-aggressive: Emotionally dishonest and indirect with resentment towards others 4. Assertive: Appropriately honest and direct; confident and empathetic

What are the functions of carbohydrates in the body?

1. Provide energy 2. Store energy 3. Build macromolecules 4. Spare protein 5. Assist in lipid metabolism

How does food get from the farm to the table?

1. Raising the animal 2. Stunning and Slaughter 3. Butchering 4. Grading 5. Cutting 6. Packaging and Distribution 7. Local retailer 8. Hungry customer

What are the safety procedures related to food preparation and thawing?

1. Refrigerator: The refrigerator allows slow, safe thawing. Make sure thawing meat and poultry juices do not drip onto other food.2. Cold Water: For faster thawing, place food in a leak-proof plastic bag. Submerge in cold tap water. Change the water every 30 minutes. Cook immediately after thawing.3. Microwave: Cook meat and poultry immediately after microwave thawing.

What is the family and consumer sciences goal for individual and family strength?

1. Strengthen the well-being of individuals and families across the life span 2. Become responsible citizens and leaders for family, community, and work settings 3. Promote optimal nutrition and wellness across the life span 4. Manage resources to meet the material needs of individuals and families 5. Balance personal, home, family, and work lives 6. Use critical and creative thinking skills to address problems in diverse family, community, and work environments 7. Foster successful life management, employment, and career development 8. Function as providers and consumers of goods and services for families 9. Appreciate human worth and accept responsibility for one's actions and success in family and work life

What are Erikson's stages of social/emotional development?

1. Trust vs. mistrust (Birth to 12 months) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 years to 5 years) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 years to 12 years) 5. Identity vs. confusion (13-20 years) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-35 years) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (35-55 years) 8. Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (60s-death)

What are some design strategies for a student centered fcs classroom inclusive to all students?

1. Vary furniture 2. Create comfortable/functional spaces 3. Provide guided choices 4. Vary teaching styles/adhere to different learning styles 5. Collaborative work 6. Student-centered discussions

How can you prevent identity theft?

1. freeze credit 2. safe guard personal info 3. shred info when done 4. use strong passwords

High-acid canned food (tomatoes, fruits) will keep their best quality for how long?

12 to 18 months

For serving purposes hot food should be held at _____ °F (60 °C) or warmer.

140 degrees

Cook all raw beef, pork, lamb and veal steaks, chops, and roasts to a minimum internal temperature of _____ °F (62.8 ºC)

145 degrees

Cook all raw GROUND beef, pork, lamb, and veal to an internal temperature of _______°F (71.1 ºC) as measured with a food thermometer.

160 degrees

Cook all poultry to an internal temperature of _______ °F (73.9 °C) as measured with a food thermometer.

165 degrees

Cook or freeze fresh poultry, fish, ground meats, and variety meats within _____ days; other beef, veal, lamb, or pork, within ________ days.

2 days; 3-5 days

Perishable food should not be left out more than ___ hours at room temperature—1 hour when the temperature is above 90 °F (32.2 ºC)

2 hours

For serving purposes cold food should be held at _____ °F (4.4 °C) or colder.

40 degrees

Check the temperature of your refrigerator and freezer with an appliance thermometer. The refrigerator should be at ____ °F (4.4 ºC) or below and the freezer at _____ °F (-17.7 ºC) or below.

40; 0 degrees

Canned foods are safe indefinitely as long as they are not exposed to freezing temperatures, or temperatures above _____ °F. If the cans look ok, they are safe to use.

90 degrees

Stage of moral development where behavior is based on ones duty and the desire to avoid guilt

Abiding by the law or social order

How do housing needs change across the lifespan?

Adaptability, affordability, accessibility, location, design,

What are benefits to membership in family and consumer sciences professional organizations?

Affiliate Membership Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences Networking and Leadership Opportunities Webinars Conference Discount Discounts on Publications Insurance Plans Special Savings through Affinity Partners Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal Advocacy for Public Policy Support for FCS Secondary Programs Awards and Grants

What are some organizations affiliated with family and consumer sciences?

American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE), FCS Education Division Council of Administrators of Family and Consumer Sciences Family & Consumer Sciences Education Association (FCSEA) ​ International Federation for Home Economics (IFHE) National Association of State Administrators of Family & Consumer Sciences (NASAFACS) National Association of Teacher Educators for Family and Consumer Sciences (NATEFACS) National Association of Teachers of Family & Consumer Sciences (NATFACS) National Extension Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (NEAFCS)

Food safety agency that finds links between illness in people and the food safety systems of government agencies and food producers.

CDC Center for Disease Control

What are the core values in early childhood care and education adopted by the the NAEYC

Appreciate childhood as a unique and valuable stage of the human life cycle. Base our work on knowledge of how children develop and learn. Appreciate and support the bond between the child and family. Recognize that children are best understood and supported in the context of family, culture, community, and society. Respect the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of each individual (child, family member, and colleague). Respect diversity in children, families, and colleagues. Recognize that children and adults achieve their full potential in the context of relationships that are based on trust and respect.

Stage of life span development where one learns to gain control over some behaviors and developing a sense of autonomy or independence

Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

What are the water soluble vitamins?

B vitamins and vitamin C

When substituting regular milk for buttermilk in a recipe, it is important to add: A. salt B. lemon juice C. cake flour D. baking soda

B. Lemon juice

List examples of common hand stitches

Backstitch - sturdy hand stitch for seams and decoration Blanket stitch - used to finish an unhemmed blanket Blind stitch (or hemstitch) - type of slip stitch used for inconspicuous hem Cross-stitch - usually used for decoration, but may also be used for seams Darning stitch - for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or knitting Embroidery stitch - one or more stitches forming a figure of recognizable look Hemstitch (Hemming stitch) - decorative technique for embellishing the hem of clothing or household linens Topstitch - used on garment edges such as necklines and hems, helps facings stay in place and gives a crisp edge Whipstitch - for protecting edges Ladder stitch or mattress stitch - for invisibly closing seams from the outside, i.e. to close a pillow after being stuffed

What are different services offered by financial institutions?

Banking Advisory Wealth Management Mutual Funds Insurance Financial Services Institutions

What are the safety procedures related to equipment and food preparation?

Basics: Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage are essential to prevent foodborne illness. You can't see, smell, or taste harmful bacteria that may cause illness. In every step of food preparation, follow the four steps of the Food Safe Families campaign to keep food safe: 1. Clean — Wash hands and surfaces often. 2. Separate — Don't cross-contaminate. 3. Cook — Cook to the right temperature. 4. Chill — Refrigerate promptly.

What are the biological, economic, physical, psychological and social/cultural factors that influence food consumption behavior?

Biological determinants such as hunger, appetite, and taste Economic determinants such as cost, income, availability, access Physical such as appearance, skills, and time Social determinants such as culture, family, peers and meal patterns Psychological determinants such as mood, stress and guilt Attitudes, beliefs and knowledge about food

is the exposure of the vegetables to boiling water or steam for a brief period of time. The vegetable must then be rapidly cooled in ice water to prevent it from cooking

Blanching

Involves twisting threads together into cloth

Braiding or plaiting

What are examples of sources of essential nutrients?

Carbs: wheat/bread Protein: meat and plants Fats: Nuts, fish, and oils Vitamins: Vegetables Minerals: Red meats, protein, vegetables, nuts Water: drink it lol

describe the cause and effect of major food-borne pathogens in causing illness

Cause: Foodborne illness is caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Many different disease-causing microbes or pathogens can contaminate foods, so there are many different types of foodborne illnesses. Most foodborne diseases are infections caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Other diseases are poisonings caused by harmful toxins or chemicals that have contaminated food. Effect: Common symptoms of foodborne illness are diarrhea and/or vomiting, typically lasting 1 to 7 days. Other symptoms might include abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, joint/back aches, and fatigue.

How can food affect the body and cause disease like heart disease and diabetes?

Certain foods are high in cholesterol which clog arteries. Consuming too much saturated and trans fats increase blood cholesterol and heart attack rates. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats lower the risk of heart attacks. High cholesterol poses a major risk for heart disease. Too many calories in the diet can increase a person's risk of being overweight, which is another leading cause of heart disease. Too much salt can raise blood pressure, which can increase a person's risk for related heart conditions. Foods high in sodium can also add to blood pressure problems.

What does CDA and NAEYC stand for?

Child Development Associate; National Association for the Education of Young Children

What are the core set of competency standards the CDA is based on?

Competency Goal I: To establish and maintain a safe, healthy, learning environment. Competency Goal II: To advance physical and intellectual competence. Competency Goal III: To support social and emotional development and to provide positive guidance. Competency Goal IV: To establish positive and productive relationships with families. Competency Goal V: To ensure a well-run, purposeful program responsive to participant needs. Competency Goal VI: To maintain a commitment to professionalism.

In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Concrete Operational

What are the different types of housing?

Condos, detached houses, townhouse, semi-attached house, duplex, triplex, apartments

Piaget theorized that children were born with basic genetic capabilities that enabled them to construct knowledges and meaning through active exploration of their environment. This is called:

Constructivism

Identify strategies for strengthening communication.

Create an open environment. Provide opportunities for feedback. Give specific with instructions. Celebrate achievements and milestones. Open multiple lines of communication.

Looping yarns together with one hook to produce fabric.

Crocheting

What are the cultural, social, and psychological factors that affect housing choices?

Cultural: People select homes that are built like houses from their homeland, give them the ability and space to practice certain cultural norms (big living room for family gatherings), etc. Social: Household size, residential area, type of population, distance from work/school, etc. Psychological: The color of interior/exterior (color can have psychological affects), space in house, etc.

how has haute couture changed over the decades?

Demand has shifted to a new set of younger more fashion conscious clientele from emerging rich nations. Now it is all about producing what is trendy and what the public wants

How do past interior designs influence modern architecture?

Designers use past designs to create contemporary or adaptations of furniture. Many incorporate antiques or reproductions while using ideas to create modern styles of furniture that reject the past.

Why should you not turn up heat on the oven to quicken the drying process?

Don't speed up the drying time by turning up the oven. You will cook the food on the outside before it dries on the inside. This is called "case hardening." The food may appear dry on the outside but is wet on the inside.

A liquid dispersed in another liquid with which it is usually immiscible (incapable of being mixed). is a molecule in which one end likes to be in an oily environment and the other in a water environment.

Emulsion/Emulsifier

Identify ways to promote effective communication

Engaged listening Nonverbal communication Managing stress in the moment Asserting yourself in a respectful way

Food safety agency that regulates and ensures the safety and accurate labeling for: food products (excluding meat and poultry), bottled water, dietary supplements, food additives, and infant formula

FDA Food Drug Administration

What are signs of quality construction of a garment?

Fabric content, feel of fabric, fabric grain and nap (should be cut along the grain line), stitching, straight seams, and line up patterns

Determine guidelines for selection fabric for a project.

Fabric weight, drape, and stretch. If it has a pattern make sure patterns match

T/F: Saturated and trans fats decrease blood cholesterol and heart attack rates.

False; increase. Saturated and trans fats are very bad

What is the importance of FCCLA for a student?

Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA) offers members the opportunity to expand their leadership potential and develop skills for life—planning, goal setting, problem solving, decision making, and interpersonal communication—all necessary within the home and workplace.

involves pressing a mat of fibers together, and working them together until they become tangled

Felting

What are the three categories in creating a budget?

Fixed expenses, variable expenses, and non-necessities or needs, wants, and saving/debt repayment

What are the dietary guidelines necessary for healthy living throughout the life cycle?

Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan. Focus on variety, nutrient-dense foods, and amount. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats, and reduce sodium intake Shift to healthier food and beverage choices Support healthy eating patterns for all Get healthy amount of exercise

What are some examples of seam and fabric finishes?

Pinked, zigzag, clean, and French Glazing, coating, and washing

In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children are able to us complex thinking skills to visualize and manipulate ideas and experiences in their heads without having immediate access to real or concrete objects; able to think logically, weigh consequences, and use memory for problem solving

Formal Operational

is adding vitamins and minerals to foods to prevent nutritional deficiencies

Fortification

What are typical food preservation methods?

Freezing, drying, and salting

Stage of life span development where one focuses on family, career, and ways of contributing to society

Generativity vs. stagnation

What are the functions of protein in the body?

Growth and repair of muscles/tissues, causes biochemical reactions (enzymes aid in digestion process), acts as a messenger (hormones), structural component of cells, maintains proper pH, transports and stores nutrients, and provides energy

How does HACCP protect consumers?

HACCP is important because it prioritizes and controls potential hazards in food production. By controlling major food risks, such as microbiological, chemical and physical contaminants, the industry can better assure consumers that its products are as safe as good science and technology allows. By reducing foodborne hazards, public health protection is strengthened.

What is HACCP?

HACCP, or the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system, is a process control system that identifies where hazards might occur in the food production process and puts into place stringent actions to take to prevent the hazards from occurring.

French phrase that literally translates to high dressmaking; has come to indicate the business of designing, creating, and selling custom-made, high fashion women's clothes

Haute Couture

What are some of the health issues related to midlife that may being to occur during the launching stage of the family life cycle

High blood pressure (hypertension). Weight problems. Arthritis. Menopause. Osteoporosis. Heart disease (coronary artery disease). Depression. Stress-related illnesses.

What are Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

I. preconventional morality 1. Obedience and punishment orientation 2. Individualized and self-interest orientation II.conventional morality 3. Interpersonal relationships 4. Abiding by the law or social order III.postconventional morality 5. Individual rights and social contract 6. Universal ethical principles

Stage of life span development where one learns about self in relationship to others

Identity vs. confusion

Identify an economic factor that affects family life and relationships.

If the parents have a low socioeconomic status or are bordering the poverty line there is a lot of stress on the parents as they have to try to make ends meet, put food on the table, take care of family, and work multiple jobs. The stress can cause tense relationships, lots of fighting, kids acting out to receive attention they are not getting, kids having to pick up parenting while their parent works a night shift.

Stage of life span development where one uses social interaction to gain control over one's everyday world

Initiative vs. guilt

Stage of moral development where behavior is based on the awareness of others and a genuine desire to help others

Individual rights and social contract

Stage of moral development where behavior is based on personal interests or the fain of a personal reward

Individualized or self-interest orientation

Stage of life span development where one develops a sense of competence and pride through successful accomplishments

Industry vs. inferiority

Stage of life span development where one reflects on ones life and forms a sense of satisfaction or dissatisfaction

Integrity vs. despair

what is the environmental impact of interior housing material?

Interior housing material can have positive and negative effects based on the material used. If using inexpensive carpet padding, it may serve its purpose but the gasses released could harm the inhabitants. Or rare woods are appealing but requesting them can encourage the harvesting of threatened forests. Therefore, one should consider materials that ensure environmental sustainability for future generations. Designers should consider long-term environmental costs before using a material, use green sustainable and fair trade products, consider life-cycle cost, and use sustainable design.

Stage of moral development where behavior is based on the need to gain approval from others

Interpersonal relationships

Stage of life span development where one explores and forms intimate relationships

Intimacy vs. isolation

_____________ was the first psychologist to study the qualitative and maturational changes that occur in children's cognitive development

Jean Piaget

Looping yarns together with two needles or a machine to produce fabric.

Knitting

Involves tying threads together and is used in making macrame

Knotting

Is made by interlocking threads together independently, using a backing and any of the methods described above, to create a fine fabric with open holes in the work

Lacing

is the air (or gas, really) that causes breads, cakes and other baked goodies to rise when they go in the oven

Leavening

What are the functions of fats in the body?

Major fuel source or storage for of energy, insulating and protecting major organs, regulate hormones and cholesterol, act as messengers for chemical reactions

Which emulsifier is used in the food industry?

Mono- and diglycerides

Temporary reduction in the selling price of an item to stimulate its demand or to drive a competitor out of the market.

Mark down

is added onto the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit

Mark up

What is the difference between natural fibers and synthetic fibers?

Natural fibers are produced by animals and plants whereas synthetic fibers are "man-made" in laboratories and chemicals.

Give examples of natural and synthetic fibers.

Natural: cotton, wool, and silk Synthetic: Nylon, rayon, and polyester

Stage of moral development where behavior is based on the power of an authority figure and the desire to not be punished

Obedience and punishment orientation

When chemicals in food are exposed to oxygen in the air, their chemical composition changes and they begin to break down

Oxidation

is the process of heating food, specifically liquids, to a specific temperature to slow microbial growth in the food; requires rapidly heating the liquid to a specific temperature for a specified time, followed by rapid cooling and then sealing.

Pasteurization

what is a characteristic of fabric that been chemically processed to resist wrinkles and hold its shape?

Permanent press

What are different types of loan products?

Personal Loans. Credit Cards. Home-Equity Loans. Home-Equity Lines of Credit. Credit Card Cash Advances. Small Business Loans.

Many ingredients may serve as emulsifiers, and these include:

Phospholipids Milk proteins Soy proteins Gelatin Gluten Vegetable gums Herbs and spices Starches

Identify the impact of positive communication on families and relationships.

Positive communication can provide structure and support. The children know what is expected of them, they know they are love and supported because their parents tell them, and there is a level of trust that is developed. Therefore, the parent and child have a secure attachment where they are open and trust each other. The child feels comfortable coming to the parent for things and builds positive relationships with outside people.

In Piaget's theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic; thinks of things in terms of symbols like a stick can be a fishing pole

Preoperational stage

What are the safety procedures related to food preparation?

Preparation 1. Always wash hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds before and after handling food. 2. Don't cross-contaminate. Keep raw meat, poultry, fish, and their juices away from other food. 3. After cutting raw meats, wash cutting board, utensils, and countertops with hot, soapy water. 4. Cutting boards, utensils, and countertops can be sanitized by using a solution of 1 tablespoon of unscented, liquid chlorine bleach in 1 gallon of water. 5. Marinate meat and poultry in a covered dish in the refrigerator.

What are the safety procedures related to food preparation and shopping?

Shopping 1. Purchase refrigerated or frozen items after selecting your non-perishables. 2. Never choose meat or poultry in packaging that is torn or leaking. 3. Do not buy food past "Sell-By," "Use-By," or other expiration dates.

What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor (0-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete (7-11) Formal (11+)

In Piaget's theory, the stage during which infants know and explore the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Sensorimotor stage

What are factors that affect a business' profit?

Sales changes, economic health, market stability, and natural factors, such as weather-related disasters

is the process of preserving food with salt (and a little saltpeter). This method draws out moisture that causes decay.

Salting

What are the principles of design?

Scale and Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony

What are some major consumer protection laws?

Section 5 of the Federal Trade Act. The Fair Credit Reporting Act The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GBLA) . The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) Fair Credit Billing Act

What are the elements of design?

Space, line, shape/form, texture, light, color, and pattern

What are the steps in making a budget?

Step 1: Note your net income Step 2: Track your spending Step 3: Set your goals Step 4: Make a plan Step 5: Adjust your habits if necessary Step 6: Keep checking in

How does family structure affect family life and relationships?

Structured/Healthy/2-parent home: helps child build positive/healthy relationships, doesn't have to look for outside things, their attachment is secure, achieve more, and have more confidence Divorced/single parents: see parent experiencing hardship, have less support, tend to act out, attachment can be insecure/avoidant, can affect how they respect authority, affects their social/emotional development

Term that is about producing clothes, shoes and accessories in environmentally and socio-economically sustainable manners, but also about more sustainable patterns of consumption and use, which necessitate shifts in individual attitudes and behavior

Sustainable fashion

What is the goal of sustainable fashion?

Sustainable fashion, or slow fashion, is a growing movement in response to the fast fashion trend that has increased our waste of clothing and the inherent wastefulness of this type of consumerism. "The goal of sustainable fashion is to bring environmentalism and social responsibility into the clothing manufacturing process."

What are the four major agencies that ensure food safety?

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) The Food Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Disease Control (CDC)

Where and when did the modern industry of fashion design begin?

The fashion industry started in the 19th century (1826) with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first fashion designer. Paris emerged as the fashion capital

What is the mission of Family and Consumer Science Education?

The mission of Family and Consumer Sciences Education is to prepare students for family life, work life, and careers in Family and Consumer Sciences by providing leadership and support for professionals whose work assists individuals, families, and communities in making informed decisions about their well being, relationships, and resources to achieve optimal quality of life

what are the basic biochemical processes necessary to digest food in the human body?

The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are essential for digestion. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, the liver produces bile that helps the body absorb fat, and the gallbladder stores the bile until it is needed. The first stage of digestion is ingestion, in which food is taken into the mouth and then broken down into smaller pieces by the chewing action of the teeth. Chemical digestion begins in the stomach, a large, hollow, pouch like muscular organ. While food is still in the mouth, the stomach begins its production of gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein. Gastric juice is the material that breaks down the food. Then the small intestine, then the large.

what is the environmental impact of exterior housing materials?

The resources used to manufacture construction materials affect the environment by depleting natural resources, using energy, and releasing pollutants to the land, water, and atmosphere. Materials that contain irritating, odorous, hazardous, or toxic components adversely affect human health through out-gassing of volatile components or direct contact. Therefore, designers should select environmentally attractive materials with reduced environmental impacts. This is primarily achieved through the practice of resource conservation and selection of non-toxic materials.

What are the 8 consumer rights in the U.N. Consumer Bill of Rights

The right to safety The right to be informed The Right to Choose The right to be heard The right to satisfaction of basic needs The right to redress The right to consumer education The right to a healthy environment

T/F: When serving food at a buffet, keep food hot with chafing dishes, slow cookers, and warming trays. Keep food cold by nesting dishes in bowls of ice or use small serving trays and replace them often.

True

what is the effect of metabolism and caloric intake on the human body across the lifespan?

There is widespread consensus in aging research that eating fewer calories results in a longer, healthier life.Aging is associated with an increased risk for metabolic disorders, including overweight, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Calorie restriction (CR), a dietary intervention that is low in calories but maintains proper nutrition, is the only intervention known to date that consistently decreases the biological rate of aging and increases both average and maximal lifespan.

Describe how the foundational theories of development impact instructional practice.

These developmental theories help us see how the brain is developing and what the child is learning and feeling during each stage. This allows us to plan lessons that target the growth of certain areas, provide activities for furthering emotional development, deal with/expect certain emotions or behaviors, etc.

Where are historical elements used on current architecture?

They are used on the outside and decorative design of buildings like columns, entablatures, roof designs, doors, etc.

What is the values of FCS organizations?

They are vital because they help raise awareness for FCS and provide a community for FCS teachers to learn and grow from.

How do past exterior designs influence modern architecture?

They influence the construction of homes or ornamentation of homes. For example, many homes from colonial America can still be seen today like the Italianette, adobe, or salt box. Construction of columns and column designs come from ancient greek and roman times.

What are the factors that contribute to quality consumer relations?

Timeliness, attitude, empathy, ownership, active listening, expertise, and dependability

What are money management strategies for spending, credit, savings, and investing?

Track your spending Create a realistic monthly budget Pay your bills on time every month Cut back on recurring charges Save up cash to afford big purchases Build up your savings—even if it takes time Start an investment strategy

T/F: Always refrigerate perishable food within 2 hours—1 hour when the temperature is above 90 °F (32.2 ºC).

True

T/F: Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats lower the risk of heart attacks

True

T/F: The elements of design help achieve the principles of design.

True

T/F: To maintain quality when freezing meat and poultry in its original package, wrap the package again with foil or plastic wrap that is recommended for the freezer.

True

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1: does not produce insulin (diagnosed in younger patients) Type 2: the body produces insulin, but the cells don't respond to insulin the way they should. This is called insulin resistance. (diagnosed in overweight adults)

Food safety agency that regulates aspects of the safety and labeling of traditional (non-game) meats, poultry, and certain egg products.

USDA US Department of Agriculture

how are USDA food guidelines used to help menu planning?

USDA recommends including foods from all food groups at each meal. A healthy diet comprises 1.5 to 2 cups of fruit and 2 to 3 cups of vegetables daily. Grains are an important part of your diet, but at least half of your consumption should come from whole grains. Include 3 to 4 oz. of grain foods in your meals throughout the day. Get 3 cups from the milk group and 5 to 6 oz. of protein foods.

Stage of moral development where behavior is guided by conscience

Universal ethical principles

What are the functions of vitamins in the body?

Vitamins and minerals boost the immune system, support normal growth and development, and help cells and organs do their jobs

Components of a basic recipe?

Volume, weight, fractions, recipe directions, safety techniques

Is a textile production method which involves interlacing a set of vertical threads (called the warp) with a set of horizontal threads (called the weft). This is done on a machine known as a loom, of which there are a number of types

Weaving

Give at least four examples of how textiles are formed?

Weaving, knitting, crocheting, felting, laminating, and bonding

How do interest rates affect housing choices?

When mortgage rates are lower, purchasing a home is more affordable because they are able to take out a loan at a lower cost. Existing mortgages may also attempt to re-finance their mortgage, meaning they trade their current loan for another, cheaper one. Whereas, when interest rates are high, it less affordable. The cost for a loan is more expensive and harder to pay back.

Are simple or complex sugars better for you and why?

While simple carbs are digested and metabolized quickly, complex carbs take longer to go through this system, resulting in more stable blood sugar.

is the process of preserving food by removing water from it.

drying

Give an example of a sustainable textile/fabric.

Wool has several sustainable attributes: it is rapidly renewable, biodegradable, recyclable, and can be produced organically

How is yarn produced?

Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibers of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other materials to produce long strands.

What are the functions of minerals in the body?

Your body uses minerals for many different jobs, including keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly. Minerals are also important for making enzymes and hormones.

What is a fixed expense and examples?

a cost that does not change with an increase or decrease in the amount of goods or services produced or sold ex: rental lease or mortgage payments, salaries, insurance, property taxes, interest expenses, depreciation, and potentially some utilities

What are the four main sources of materials for textile production?

animal (wool, silk) plant (cotton, flax, jute) mineral (asbestos, glass fibre) synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic).

What are variable expenses and examples?

are expenses that can change over time. These costs vary depending on your usage of products or services, and they can change depending on any number of factors Ex: utilities cost, fuel costs, bank fees

At what age does a typically-developing infant begin to grasp a rattle

around 1-4 months

What are the three parenting styles?

authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative

what kinds of growth and development occur at 12-24 months

beginning to walk, grow teeth, talk, names everyday objects, holophrastic and telegraphic speech

What are the three main types of leaving agents with examples?

biological (yeast), chemical (baking soda/baking powder) and steam (water vapor)

What are the 6 essential nutrients?

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Incomings and outgoings of cash, representing the operating activities of an organization; is the difference in amount of cash available at the beginning of a period (opening balance) and the amount at the end of that period (closing balance).

cash flow

what are the major food categories?

fruit, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy

The reasons why some emulsifiers are able to mix in both lipid- and water-based ingredients is because:

it is a two-part molecule, one portion being hydrophilic, whereas the other is hydrophobic.

Give an example of oxidation.

red meat turns gray when the myoglobin pigment oxidizes. In this case, the product is not unsafe; it just looks less appealing. Wrapping some food products in a wrap that limits oxidation (such as Saran Wrap) will help to keep them fresh.

What are some major laws that govern financial institutions and transactions and protect individuals?

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform & Consumer Protection Act, and the Jumpstart Our Business Startup Act

What are factors to consider when choosing risk-management resources?

usability; credibility; complexity; complete- ness; adaptability; validity; and cost.