NASM Chapter 7

Hypermobility

A joint having more range of motion than it should

Eversion

A movement in which heel bone moves laterally

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase? Frontal Transverse Axial Sagittal

Transverse

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur? Dorsal Transverse Sagittal Frontal

Transverse

Feedback

Use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to the help human movement system into motor learning

Hypomobility

Range of motion at joint is limited

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Hamstrings and erector spinae Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex? Anterior oblique subsystem Posterior oblique subsystem Deep longitudinal subsystem Lateral subsystem

Anterior oblique subsystem

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way? Posterior Arthrokinematic Osteokinematic Anterior

Arthrokinematic

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements? A. Erector spinae B. Multifidus C. Gluteus maximus D. Rectus abdominis

B. Multifidus

Motor Development

Change in skilled motor behavior over time throughout the life span.

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action? Isometric Concentric Eccentric Isokinetic

Concentric

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned on the opposite side of the body? Contralateral Lateral Posterior Ipsilateral

Contralateral

Synergist

Creates forces to assist primary movers, but are not intended as primary force producer

What is the most accurate description of motor control? A. The cumulative changes in motor behavior over time, throughout the life span B. The integration of motor control processes through practice C. The motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli D. The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

D. The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

Concentric Motion

Describing a muscle action resulting in the shortening of a muscle

Eccentric Motion

Describing a muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

Dorisflexion

Flexion occurring at ankle

Which muscle functions as part of the global muscular system? Internal oblique Erector spinae Multifidus Transversus abdominis

Erector spinae

plantar flexion

Extension occurring at ankle, pointing feet

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement? Feedback Antagonist function Feed-forward Synergist function

Feed-forward

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw? Fourth class Third class First class Second class

First class

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Hamstrings and erector spinae Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Hamstrings and erector spinae

External Feedback

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment.

Motor Learning

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint? Isometric Eccentric Concentric Isokinetic

Isometric

What are the 3 overarching muscle actions?

Isotonic, Isometric, and Isokinetic

What anatomical term is used to describe something that is relatively closer to the midline of the body? Posterior Medial Anterior Lateral

Medial

Motor Behavior

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Abduction

Movement in body away from midline of the body

Adduction

Movement in body toward midline of the body

Agonist Muscle

Muscles that act as the prime movers for a joint motion

Stabilizer muscle

Muscles that contract isometrically to support and stabilize joints

Antagonist

Perform the opposite action of a prime mover

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury? Stretch-shortening cycle External feedback Proprioception Force velocity

Proprioception

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat? Quadriceps Gluteus medius Adductor longus Biceps brachii

Quadriceps

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body? Biomechanics Kinesiology Osteokinematics Regional interdependence

Regional Interdependence

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides? Frontal Sagittal Transverse Extension

Sagittal

What is the imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

Sagittal Plane

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula? Rotator cuff muscles Serratus anterior Rhomboids Deltoid

Serratus anterior

Mechanoreceptors

Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves.

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists? Stretch-shortening cycle Length-tension relationship Muscle imbalance Reciprocal inhibition

Stretch-shortening cycle

What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction? Altered reciprocal inhibition Stretch-shortening cycle Series elastic component Reciprocal inhibition

Stretch-shortening cycle

Sensorimotor integration

The ability of the nervous system to gather and interpret information to anticipate and execute the proper motor response.

Neuromuscular Efficiency

The ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.

Motor Control

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements. Uses the central nervous system

Proprioception

The body's ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.

Flexibility

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of joint motion

Internal Feedback

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever? Fourth class Second class First class Third class

Third class

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups? Hamstrings and erector spinae Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

Muscle Synergies

group of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement