NASM CPT (EDITION 7) CHAPTER 1

NASM CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

-Professionalism -Confidentiality -Legal and Ethical -Business Practice

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

OBESITY

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.

HEART FAILURE

A condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

HEART VALVE PROBLEM

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen

PLANTAR FASCIITIS

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

PATELLAR TENDONITIS

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).

What are two of the most common issues at the foot and ankle complex?

Ankle sprains and plantar fasciitis

RISK FACTOR

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

DIABETES

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

World Health Organization (WHO)

organization that functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO EXERCISE

INCLUDES: 1. Flexibility and mobility 2. Core strength and stability 3. Cardiorespiratory (cardio) 4. Balance 5. Plyometrics 6. Speed, agility, and quickness 7. Resistance

GLUCOSE

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.

MORBIDITY

The state of having a disease.

JOINT STABILITY

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.

SKELETAL MUSCLE

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

MUSCLE IMBALANCE

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

TWO TYPES OF DISEASE

1. Chronic (noncommunicable aka noncontagious) 2. Acute

3 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

1. Individual professional expertise 2. Best external evidence 3. Prioritizing patient values and expectations

3 LEVELS OF THE OPT MODEL

1. STABILIZATION ( phase 1 ) 2. STRENGTH ( phase 2, 3 & 4 ) 3. POWER ( phase 5 )

OVERWEIGHT

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.

CANCER

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

ENDORPHINS

A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.

Chiropractor

A licensed healthcare professional who primarily deals with conditions relating to spinal alignment

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations. - The conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care

Physical Therapist (PT)

A practitioner who is educated in many areas of physical rehabilitation

ARRHYTHMIA

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person's heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

Licensed Message Therapist

A professional who is licensed to therapeutically manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body through physical touch

Athletic Trainer

A professional who often works alongside physicians and medical technicians to help diagnose and treat sports injuries

DECONDITIONED

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

MORTALITY

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.

Medial Cruciate Ligament (MCL)

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

SPRAIN

A stretching or tearing of ligaments.

STROKE

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Cholesterol

A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.

What does scope of practice represent?

All the things a professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title

ACUTE DISEASE

An acute medical event or disease is any medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and healed in a short period of time.

BMI Imperial formula:

BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2

BMI Metric formula:

BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

Blood pressure is classified as follows: - Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg - Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg - Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg - Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher - Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits

HYPERTENSION

Consistently elevated blood pressure. Hypertension is categorized by a blood pressure greater than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic) millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Which of the following chronic diseases is the leading cause of death in both men and women?

Coronary artery disease

SPECTRUM OF HEALTH

FROM HIGHEST BEING GREAT & LOWEST BEING POOR: 6. Positive health 5. Better health 4. Freedom from sickness 3. Unrecognized sickness 2. Mild sickness 1. Severe sickness 0. Death

What is, perhaps, the most challenging of the public health problems faced today?

Obesity, due to poor diet and physical inactivity

5 PHASES OF THE OPT MODEL

PHASE 1: Stabilization Endurance PHASE 2: Strength Endurance PHASE 3: Muscular Development PHASE 4: Maximal Strength PHASE 5: Power

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.

What does the term shoulder impingement syndrome refer to?

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.

KINESIOLOGY

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

HEART ATTACK

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.

INSULIN RESISTANCE

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.

DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE (DBP)

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE (SBP)

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

HOMEOSTASIS

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.

ATHEROSCHLEROSIS

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH

a process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field.

CHRONIC (NONCOMMUNICABLE) DISEASE

also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration (3 or more months) and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medications, nor do they just disappear over time. Examples: Cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke) Cancers Chronic respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) Diabetes

DISEASE

any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

comparison of a person's height to their weight. (BMI is the general measure used internationally for defining overweight and obesity)

Certified Personal Trainer (CPT)

designs safe and effective exercise programs to help clients reach health, wellness, and fitness goals