Nat. Geo Chap. 3: The 13 Colonies
What was the underlying cause for the wars between the colonists and the Powhatan between 1622 and 1670?
Both groups laid claim to the same land.
What led to the settlement of New Netherland?
Dutch merchants establishing a base for trade
What is one reason England established colonies in America?
England wanted a trade monopoly on all goods from their colonies.
Why did King George II allow James Oglethorpe to establish the colony of Georgia?
Georgia could be a military barrier between Spanish Florida and South Carolina.
How did William Penn keep peace with Native Americans in the region?
He purchased land from Native Americans.
What role did John Sassamon play in King Philip's War?
He warned colonists of a Wampanoag attack and was later found dead.
Summarize the events that led to King Philip's War.
In 1671, the Plymouth government took the Wampanoag's guns. Four years later, John Sassamon warned the colonists of an attack by the Wampanoag leader Metacom. Soon after, Sassamon was found dead. Colonial authorities tried and hanged three Wampanoag for Sassamon's murder. In retaliation, Metacom attacked 52 towns.
What made Pennsylvania different from the other colonies?
It was an extremely diverse society.
Why was Georgia returned to Great Britain in 1752?
Its rules were too strict for the colony to thrive.
Who was John Rolfe?
Jamestown settler who is credited with the first cultivation of tobacco
Which colony did George Calvert establish?
Maryland
Name the Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
How did the Pilgrims recover after their first deadly winter in Massachusetts?
Native Americans taught them how to fish and grow crops.
Name the New England Colonies
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Name the Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Why were female property owners seen as threatening to the people of Salem?
Salem residents thought women owning property challenged Puritan gender roles
How did religion impact the settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts?
Separatists established the colony to freely practice their religion.
Why did the Plymouth government force the Wampanoag to surrender their guns in 1671?
Tensions were rising between colonists and Native Americans.
What happened as a result of the marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas?
The Jamestown colonists and the Powhatan lived in peace for a number of years.
Why did the Mohawk support the British in battle?
The Mohawk and the British relied on each other as trading partners.
Describe how the Powhatan and the colonists viewed Jamestown. What happened as a result of their viewpoints?
The Powhatan saw the area that became Jamestown as a place to hunt, fish, and farm. Although the Powhatan did not live there, they still saw Jamestown as part of their ancestral lands. The colonists believed that the English king owned the land surrounding Jamestown, and they took it away from the Powhatan. Since the Powhatan and the colonists viewed the land differently, they eventually fought and the Powhatan were driven from their lands.
Contrast and compare the governing style of the Puritans in Massachusetts and Roger Williams in Rhode Island.
The Puritans required people to attend church, and they punished people who did not agree with their church doctrine. Unlike the Puritans, Roger Williams rejected the idea that the church should control the colony. Instead, Williams based his colony on the idea that the church and state should be kept separate.
How did the prices of tobacco and land lead to tension between colonists during the late 1600s?
The low tobacco prices made it difficult for landless men to afford high land prices.
Compare and contrast the original settlers of Jamestown with those who arrived after 1612.
The original settlers of Jamestown were more interested in searching for gold than in establishing permanent colonies. They had little experience farming, hunting, or fishing, so they most likely were from the middle and upper classes. Later settlers, however, seemed to have more interest in living in the colonies permanently. Many of the later settlers were indentured servants who came to work the tobacco fields, so they most likely had experience farming and working hard.
What did Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson have in common?
They all disagreed with the New England Way
What did the Dutch do when they arrived in the Middle Colonies?
They began trading with Native Americans.
Why did the original settlers at Jamestown struggle to establish their colony?
They had little experience farming, hunting, or fishing.
What did the Iroquois do when the beaver population dwindled in the mid-1600s?
They moved west.
Why did the Pilgrims write and sign the Mayflower Compact?
They realized that they would be landing in a place without a colonial government.
Why was the settlement of Georgia thought of as an experiment?
Unlike the other colonies, which were founded for profit or religious freedom, Georgia's founders envisioned a colony where debtors and the poor could make a new start.
How did William Penn encourage diversity in Pennsylvania?
William Penn encouraged diversity by basing his colony on Quaker doctrine, which stated that all people were equal in the eyes of God. Following this idea, Penn accepted religious minorities in his colony and he also bought land from the Native Americans to sell to people from many different countries.
What is a charter?
a document detailing rights and privileges
What evidence condemned men and women during the Salem witch trials?
accusations from village authorities and villagers
Why did William Berkeley accuse Nathaniel Bacon of being a traitor?
because Bacon challenged Berkeley's and wealthy planters' power
What was one source of tension in the Middle Colonies in the 1600s?
historical tensions between the Algonquian and the Iroquois peoples
What advantage made Maryland economically successful?
its location on the Chesapeake Bay
What style of home did the Iroquois build?
longhouses
What rules did James Oglethorpe require all Georgian colonists to follow?
no enslaved people, no liquor, and limited landownership
What did Native Americans and the Pilgrims celebrate at the first Thanksgiving?
the Pilgrims' first harvest
What doctrine did William Penn use to establish his colony?
the Quaker doctrine
What did King Charles I's charter grant to George Calvert?
the right to establish a colony called Maryland
According to historians, what was the underlying cause of the Salem witch trials?
the societal threat of women owning property
Why did King James I issue a charter to the Virginia Company?
to detail the company's rights and privileges in settling the colonies
Why did the Virginia Company encourage people to settle in the American colonies?
to farm tobacco
Why did the Algonquian tribes move each season?
to follow the supply of food
Why did the Iroquois move west in the mid-1600s?
to gain greater access to the beavers in the region