Nationalism and Imperialism

Modernization of Japan

-New Japanese government encouraged Japanese businesses to adopt Western methods, i.e., industrializatio

British owned South American countries

1. British Honduras 2. British Guiana

Simon Bolivar

1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.

Opium War

1839-1842. Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade, British declared war and won against Chinese. Treaty of Nanjing, agreed to open 5 ports to British trade and limit tariffs on British goods and gave Hong Kong.

Unification of Italy

1860, ally of Mazzini, recruited volunteers and won control of Sicily. Next, Garibaldi turned Naples and Sicily over to Victor Emmanuel. Last, Italy becomes a united nation, which it hadn't been since the fall of the Roman Empire.

Age of Imperialism

1890-1914 time when industrial countries took over other countries for economic gain European nations extended economic and political control around the world

Japan as world power

1894 war between Japan and china over Korea Japan won gained Korea and Taiwan Japan goes to war with Russia

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

Protectorate

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Sphere of Influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

Colony

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.

Haitian Revolution

A major influece of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Ram Mohun Roy

"Father of Modern India" modern thinking, tried to move india towards independance and away from traditional ideas

Realpolitik

"realistic politics," practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles

Bóer War

(1899-1902) War between Great Britain and the Boers in South Africa over control of rich mining country. Great Britain won and created the Union of South Africa comprised of all the South African colonies.

Sepoy(Indian) Mutiny

*Imperialism:* Sepoy Indians that rejected British authority revolted in 1857, causing a harsh British response as the British Empire took control of India the following year (British Raj).

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Open door policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Nationalism

A sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation above all others A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals.

Negative impacts of imperialism

Africans lost control of their land and independence and were placed under the indirect rule of the British/..Many of the Africans died of new diseases, such as small pox, that were brought over by the British. That was because the Africans had no immunity to these diseases/..Often times the natives fought the British in battle in order to defend their way of life. Many people were lost to resisting the Europeans/..The demand of cash crops caused a shortage of food which led to famines/..Cultures and customs were broken down when traditional authority figures were replaced/..Homes and property were transferred to the authority of the British and the natives had little or no say in it

Anglo-Zulu War

Between the British and Zulu's that was caused by the Zulu refusing to sign treaty with Britain

Otto Von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)

Samurai

Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.

Czech

Declared its independence from Austro-Hungary in 1918.

Motives for Imperialism

Economic, Political, Military, humanitarian, religious, social darwinism

Showgun

Even though feudal Japan had an emperor, the Country's real ruler was the

Radical

Favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms. Favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms.

Kanagawa, Nagasaki, Niigata, and Hyogo

Four more ports opened in 1858

Wagner

German composer of operas and inventor of the music drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused

Dom Pedro

He was the son of the Portuguese ruler Dom Joao, and was left behind in Brazil as regent when his father returned to Portugal. He implemented a number of decisions without consulting the government in Portugal. Creoles demanded independence and 8,000 Brazilians signed a petition asking that he assume the position of emperor of Brazil. He accepted and became known as Pedro I, and in September 1822, Brazilian independence was proclaimed, without a shot being fired.

Louis Kossuth

Hungarian statesman who led his people in revolt against the Habsburg Empire during 1848-1849, Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848.

How did Nationalism unite nations?

It caused a sense of loyalty to one ruler or country This led to people feeling pride for their nation. Anyone not part of your nation was considered inferior Lead to rivalries

Count Cavour

Italian statesman from Sardinia who used diplomacy to help achieve the unification of Italy (1810-1861)

King Wilhelm

King of Prussia who appointed Otto von Bismarck as his prime minister; led to the unification of Germany (first emperor of unified germany)

Talping Rebellion

Lasted from 1850 to 1864, the leader Hong Xiuguan called for an end to the hated Qing dynasty. The government crushed the rebellion.

Bolívar

Leader of rebel colonists from Argentina to Mexico who wanted independence from Spain and Portugal. Son of a slave owner, who was educated in Europe on the works of Voltaire and Rousseau. Fancied himself a Latin American Napoleon but had to submit to the series of independent republics that formed between 1821 and 1823. Bolivia is named after him.

Miguel Hidalgo

Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions

How did nationalism separate nations?

Nationalism was spread throughout Europe by Napoleon, who thought that it was essential to maintain the support and enthusiasm of his citizens, as he conquered land. He connected himself to the idea of the spirit of French Nationalism. The inhabitants of the territories he conquered were exposed to his ideas, one of which was extreme nationalism, therefore, it spread rapidly as his army moved throughout Europe. He unknowingly did so.

Red shirts

Nationalistic group/army created and led by Guiseppe Garibaldi to end foreign control of Italy during the 19th century.

Why did some nations want to expand?

One idea is that European culture was more suited to industrialization than that of other continents. So European culture was just better, at least in terms of making industry likely Britain possessed the raw materials - coal, iron ore, accessible waterways - in the large quantities necessary for a rapid and vast expansion in industrial production.

Uniting Germany

Otto von Bismarck was responsible for

Chinese Nationalism

Party that wanted a unified china, don't like Overseas chinese. Do not like the Japanese, Americans, a new force in chinese modernization.

Anti colonialism

People who wanted to leave the superpowers control

The Balkans

Present day territory that includes Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia. Revolutions sparked by nationalism began here: Greece (1821), WWI (1914)

Haiti

Rebellion of slaves Gains control of island defeats frances armies Abolish slavery Declared independence

Positive Impact of Imperialism

Reduced local warfare *Transportation methods and communication were introduced to India by industrialized countries such as Great Britain. Telephones improved and paved roads, cars, trains, and postal networks. This was a positive effect because it boosted the economy, standard of living and the flow of information and people

Mixed Results

Riot in Brussel against Dutch rule Poles revolt against Russia in Warsaw late 1830s Oct 1830 Belgium independence

Foreign Trade

Severely restricted due to Hawley-Smoot Tariff-- made it too expensive to engage in trade, significant cause of depression

José de San Martin

South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru

Qing China

The last Chinese dynasty

Dowager Empress

The leader during the last half of the 19th century, who ruled China with only one gap. They were committed to traditional values, but did support certain reforms

French Revolution

The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

Franco-Prussian War

This was a major war between the French and the Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany. It was caused by Otto Von Bismarck altering a telegram from the Prussian King to provoke the French into attacking Prussia, thus hoping to get the independent German states to unify with Prussia (which they did, thus creating Germany).

Society of Rightous and Harmonious Fist

Wanted death to the foreign devils

Irish potatoes famine

What disaster spread across Ireland in 1845?

Budapest

a city in Hungary where a rebellion was started against communism where thousands of Hungarians died.

Home Rule

allows cities to write their own charters, choose their own type of government, and manage their own affairs

Matthew Perry

commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa

Cash Crops

crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit

Closed door policy

didn't want anything from other countries so there was restrictive travel and trade for anyone outside of China

1848 Uprising

economic hardship hits france, there are violent uprising, and louis-philippe is forced to abdicate

Discovery of Diamonds and Gold in Africa

initiated the "Scramble for Africa?"

Liberale

is considered by many scholars to present the most convincing challenge to realist thinking. SUGGESTS THAT THE WAY TOWARDS PEACE IS TO HAVE INDEPENDENT STATES POOL THEIR RESOURCES AND EVEN SURRENDER SOME OF THEIR SOVEREIGNTY TO CREATE INTEGRATED COMMUNITIES TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC GRWOTH OR RESPOND TO REGIONAL PROBLEM

Conservatives

like to stick to the traditional ways of government and tend to oppose change(wealth property owners and nobility)

Why did other nations want to isolate

much of the world was suffering from economic problems. Also countries like Japan didn't like foreign influence(spread of Christianity)

Mejía Restoration

shogun was over thrown and emperor restored to power Japan's modernization and industrialization

Unification of Germany

started by Otto von Bismarck and the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 that expelled Austria from German politics and resulted in North German Confederation and legalization of Bismarck's previous spending; concluded with war with France

Giuseppe Gardibaldi

the gatherer of more than 1,000 passionate followers and overthrew the government in Sicily .

Charles 5th

tried to stop protestant reformation but failed and in 1556 resigned

Hong Xiuquan

was a village school teacher, proved both inspiration and leadership for the Taiping rebellion. Wanted destruction of the Qing dynasty.