Nationalism Definitions
Volksgeist
"Spirit of the people"; organic identity of a people reflected in culture/language
Supranationalism
Ability of bodies with transnational/global jurisdictions to impose will on nation-states
Militarism
Achievement of ends by military means/extension of military ideas/values/practices to civilian society
Culturalism
Belief that humans are culturally-defined creatures, culture as universal basis for personhood/social identity
Primordialism
Belief that nations are ancient/deep-rooted, fashioned from psychology/culture/biology
Nationalism
Belief that nations are central principles of political organisation
Racialism
Belief that racial divisions are politically significant bc races should live apart/possess different qualities therefore suited to different roles
Cosmopolitanism
Belief that world constitutes single moral/political community
Nation
Collection of people bound together by shared values/traditions/common language/common religion/common history/occupying same geographical area
Transnational community
Community whose cultural identity/political allegiances/psychological orientations transcend national borders
Globalisation
Emergence of web of interconnectedness
Imperailsim
Extension of control by one country over another through overt political means/economic domination
Xenophobia
Fear/hatred of foreigners/pathological ethnocentrism
Civic nationalism
Form of nationalism emphasising political allegiance based on vision of community of equal citizens with respect for cultural/ethnic diversity that doesn't challenge core civic values
Cultural nationalism
Form of nationalism emphasising regeneration of nation as distinctive civilisation rather than self-government
Ethnic nationalism
Form of nationalism fuelled primarily by keen sense of ethnic distinctiveness/desire to preserve it
Political nationalism
Form of nationalism regarding nation as natural political community, expressed through national self-determination
Thatcherism
Free market/strong state ideological stance associated with Thatcher (New Right)
Tribalism
Group behaviour characterised by insularity/exclusivity/hostility towards rival groups
Jingoism
Mood of nationalist enthusiasm/public celebration provoked by military expansion/imperial conquest
Moral cosmopolitanism
People view themselves as global not national citizens
Sovereignty
Principle of absolute/unrestricted power; either unquestionable legal/political authority
Political cosmopolitanism
Process in which policy making responsibilities are passed from national governments to international organisations
Unification
Process through which collection of separate political entities sharing cultural characteristics are integrated into one state
Independence
Process through which nation is liberated from foreign rule, involving establishment on sovereign statehood
Patriotism
Psychological attachment to one's nation
Separatism
Quest to secede from larger political formation with view of establishing independent state
Ethnicity
Sentiment of loyalty towards particular population/cultural group/territorial area (cultural > racial)
Nation-state
Sovereign political association within which citizenship/nationality overlap
Pan-nationalism
Style of nationalism dedicated to unifying disparate people through expansionism/political solidarity
Free trade
System of trading between states unrestricted by protectionism
Constructivism
Theory that meaning is imposed on external work by beliefs/assumptions held
Ethical nationalism
Theory that rights/obligations towards members of one's own nations should enjoy moral priority over those of other nations
Colonialism
Theory/practice of establishing control of foreign territorial through settlement/economic domination
Chauvinism
Uncritical/unreasoned dedication to cause/group based in belief in superiority
