NBE Microbiology/Pathology Set #1

Which of the following enzymes causes blood plasma to clot?

Coagulase

A term that may be used to describe the presence of true pathogens on inanimate objects is

Contamination

A 79 years old Caucasian woman first presented to a medical visit complaining of vertigo (dizziness) which started a month and a half prior. She first went to an ear, nose and throat specialist who found nothing. Her symptoms became progressively worse along with bilateral visual impairment, child-like behavior and walking issues. She had a history of hypertension, arrhythmia and a L knee replacement. Her physician performed an EEG which was strikingly abnormal. She was discharged without a clear diagnosis. 12 days later she was re-admitted with significant worsening of symptoms that included not being able to walk, a worsening dementia and an inability to speak or swallow appropriately. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal. As her hospital stay evolves she lapsed into coma and tonic clonic seizures. She had several pulmonary and urinary infections and died after 45 days of respiratory insufficiency. A rare, yet deadly neurological disease was to blame that caused a slow degeneration of the central nervous system causing gradually deteriorating dementia. This condition is caused by a small proteinaceous particle and often, because of its slow progression is called a "slow virus". What was her cause of death?

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease

Which of the following organisms is capable of forming capsules when living as parasites?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A benign tumor commonly found on mucous membranes is

a polyp

Spore formation in bacteria is characterized as

a protective device

A collection of pus surrounded by an inflammatory wall is a(n)

abscess

The inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms is the result of

an antiseptic

Complete urinary suppression is called

anuria

What is an infarct?

area of dead tissue

Aneurysms are disorders primarily involving

arteries

Which of these transmit disease by biting the host?

biological vectors

Lymphogranuloma venereum is cause by a

chlamydia

Those bacteria which are spherical in shape are called

cocci

Which of the following disease would be associated with the pancreas?

diabetes mellitus

A blood discoloration of the tissue as in a bruise is called a(n)

ecchymosis

In this condition, characterized by irregular periods and extreme pelvic pain, the lining inside the myometrium of the uterus is found elsewhere in the pelvic or abdominal area

endometriosis

What type of substance is secreted by a living cell that can bring about chemical changes in another substance without undergoing any substantive change themselves?

enzymes

Serum hepatitis has been attributed to

exposure to blood

Those organisms that produce by budding are

fungi

Which of the following is a type of pigmented tumor?

nevus

The portal of entry of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the

nose and mouth

Which structure contains the material of inheritance?

nucleic acid

The prefix "staphylo" refers to an organism's tendency to

occur in grape-like clusters

Accumulation of blood in a part due to venous obstruction is called

passive hyperemia

What disease is caused by Francisella tularensis?

rabbit fever

Various pathological processes indicating a disturbance in cell metabolism are called:

regressive tissue changes

Calculi that form within the kidneys are called

renal calculi

The suffix "cele" means

sac-like dilation

Of the following which one would be a predisposing cause of disease?

sex `

This organ is located just inferior to your rib cage on your left side. It is a soft spongy organ that performs several critical jobs and can easily be damaged. it filters out and destroys old and damaged blood cells, plays a key role in fighting infection by producing lymphocytes and acts as a first line of defense against invading pathogens, and it stores red blood cells and platelets which aid in clotting. When this organ is inflamed or enlarged, the condition is known as:

splenomegaly

Which of the following is most likely to enter the body through the genitourinary tract?

syphilis

Spores are most likely to form when

the conditions for reproduction are not favorable

What condition may result from inguinal hernia?

necrosis

the degree of the ability of a microorganism to cause disease

Virulence

Endospore formation is characteristic of

Bacillus anthracis

Which structure functions to protect the organism and to enhance its virulence?

Capsule

Which of these is an example of pathogenic protozoa?

Entamoeba histolytica

Which of the following organisms has a high lipid content of the cell wall?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A tumor-like swelling filled with blood may be called a

hematoma

A viral disease affecting only humans is

mumps

Deficiency of blood in a part of the body is known as

ischemia

A marked decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood is referred to as

leukopenia