NBE SCIENCE-SET #16

The typical lesions of rheumatic heart disease are

Aschoff bodies

Which of the following is NOT a kind of muscle in the body? hinge skeletal smooth (involuntary) cardiac

hinge

Calculi that form within the kidneys are called

renal calculi

Replacement of dead tissue cells with connective tissue cells is a process called

repair

The replacement of destroyed tissue with connective tissue is called

repair

A childhood disease characterized by faulty ossification of bone is:

rickets

Hemorrhoids is a condition primarily involving

veins

Poliomyelitis is caused by a

virus

The prefix "sarco" means

flesh

The division of pathology that identifies criminal causes of death is

forensic pathology

There are __________ bones in the axial skeleton.

80

Chondroma is: Benign or Malignant?

Benign

Which is a thrombus? fat globules within vessels a blood clot within the heart or vessels clump of bacteria or tumor cells in vessels foreign objects within vessels

a blood clot within the heart or vessels

A collection of pus surrounded by an inflammatory wall is a(n)

abscess

A disease having sudden onset and short duration is referred to as

acute

A disease resulting from adrenal gland deficiency and characterized by bronzing of the skin is known as:

addison's disease

A term that represents a common complication of healing is

adhesions

Of the following neoplasms, the one that is malignancy composed of the epithelial tissue of a gland is a myosarcoma a chondrosarcoma an adenocarcinoma an angioma

an adenocarcinoma

A malignant neoplasm of bone tissue is called

an osteosarcoma

Generalized edema of the subcutaneous tissue is called

anasarca

Aneurysms are disorders primarily involving

arteries

The point of union between two bones is known as an ________________.

articulation

Which one of the following is NOT a main part of a woman's uterus? cardia cervix body fundus

cardia

Arteriosclerosis involving arteries of the brain may be expected to lead to ___.

cerebrovascular accident

The largest part of the brain is the __________________, it is the center of reasoning and personality.

cerebrum

When contact with HCHO causes inflammation, this is classified as ____ etiology.

chemical

A general term used to designate the state of collapse that follows severe tissue injury is

circulatory shock

The name for the chronic end-stage liver disease where in functional cells of the liver are replaced by a lower form of cells is:

cirrhosis

A pocket of infection characterized as pus contained by a membrane is called a ___.

cyst

Forms the layer beneath the epidermis, which contains connective tissue, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerves, and muscular tissue.

dermis

A disorder of the pituitary gland characterized by intense thirst and the excretion of large amounts of urine is:

diabetes insipidus

A disease associated with the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas marked by an insufficient production of insulin is

diabetes mellitus

The suffix "pathy" means

disease

Inflammation of the tongue is called

glossitis

A body organ frequently affected by valvular stenosis is the

heart

Of the following locations, thrombi would likely be found in the

heart

Valvular insufficiency is a commonly found disorder affecting the

heart

The expulsion of blood of a gastric origin from the mouth is

hematemesis

A pathological condition primarily associated with arteries is

infarction

Occlusion of an artery is a condition likely to lead to

infarction

These types of bones are found in areas such as the vertebrae and certain bones of the skull and pelvis. They can vary in size and shape.

irregular

A torn wound is referred to as a(n)

laceration

A condition that is hematopoietic disorder is

leukemia

The disease sometimes referred to as "cancer of the blood" is known as

leukemia

It is characteristic of leukemia to be accompanied by a massive proliferation of

leukocytes

This condition is a dermotropic condition, really a progressive form of cutaneous tuberculosis . That pathogen may reach the skin through blood or lymph from a tuberculous internal organ, The characteristic lesion is reddish brown and often affects the face resulting in disfigurement.

lupus vulgaris

Leukocytosis is a condition that

may be physiological or pathological

That branch of pathology concerned with accidents and homicides is called

medico-legal pathology

That branch of pathology dealing with legal issues regarding a death is called:

medico-legal pathology

Which of the following may be considered a predisposing factor of disease? arsenic trauma race fever

race

The replacement of destroyed tissue with the exact same kind of tissue is a process called

regeneration

The division of pathology that deals with tissue that have been removed from the patient during surgery is called _______________ pathology.

surgical

The subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by a patient but not directly measurable are called:

symptoms

A number of symptoms taken together which indicates the presence of a particular disease is a

syndrome

Inflammation of the two oval shaped pads of tissues at the back of the throat. Signs and symptoms include swelling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the side of the neck . Most cases are caused by infection by a virus or bacteria .Surgery to remove these was once common, is now performed when bacterial infection doesn't respond to treatment. Usually occurs in children of pre-school age to mid-teenage years.

tonsillitis

The presence of chemicals in the blood that are normally found in urine is a condition referred to as:

uremia

Inflammation of the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder is called:

ureteritis

Inflammation of the large intestine is called

colitis

Myocardial infarction is a likely after-effect of

coronary thrombosis

Which of the following terms represent a type of aneursym? caseous ischemia dissecting infiltration

dissecting

Pregnancy in which the fertilized egg attempts to develop outside of the uterus is called

ectopic

A free-flowing particle in the blood is called a(n)

embolus

Of the following conditions, the one that is a common heart disorder is

endocarditis

The technical term for "nose bleed" is

epistaxis

What leads to jaundice?

excess bilirubin in the blood

Which of the following pathological conditions has a protective function? infiltration inflammation hyperplasia atrophy

inflammation

Endocarditis is inflammation of the

inner tunic of the heart

This is the central or inner most cavity inside of a bone where red and/or yellow bone marrow is stored. It is the cavity where bone marrow is extracted.

medullary cavity

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain is called

meningitis

Death of a localized area of tissue is a condition known as

necrosis

A congenital deficiency of pituitary secretion may result in which of these conditions? acromegaly goiter pituitary dwarfism pituitary giantism

pituitary dwarfism

The "master gland"- a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus in sellica turcica of the sphenoid bone in the brain. Also known as the hypophysis .

pituitary gland

Treponema pallidum is an organism which will cause

syphilis

Formation of a blood clot attached to the wall of the heart or blood vessel is called

thrombosis

A glioma is:

tumor of nerve tissue

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lining of the cervix of the uterus is

endocervicitis

Melanin bears a relationship to

endogenous pigmentation

The action of gastro-intestinal secretions upon blood in the digestive tract cause formation of very dark, tarry feces known as:

melena

Conditions to make a body more susceptible to disease without actually causing it are called

predisposing conditions

This organ is located just inferior to your rib cage on your left side. It is a soft spongy organ that performs several critical jobs and can easily be damaged. it filters out and destroys old and damaged blood cells, plays a key role in fighting infection by producing lymphocytes and acts as a first line of defense against invading pathogens, and it stores red blood cells and platelets which aid in clotting. When this organ is inflamed or enlarged, the condition is known as:

splenomegaly

The chronic narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus is called:

stenosis

A disease commonly referred to as the mumps is

epidemic parotitis

Grand mal is a term associated with

epilepsy

That branch of pathology dealing with the body as a whole, without regard to any particular organ or system is

general pathology

This condition manifests as hypothyroidism in adult like and can affect women over 40 more than men and caused by the failure of the pituitary gland to correctly signal the thyroid gland to do its job. The patient may exhibit low body temperature; slow metabolism, weight gain, severe mental changes such as hallucinations or seizures or coma; significant swelling over the body with swollen eyes and thickening of the tongue; difficulty breathing. Responds to administration of thyroid hormones .

myxedema

The most common form of diabetes accounting for 95% of diabetes cases in adults. It is often called adult-onset diabetes (or non-insulin-dependent) but with the epidemic of obesity and overweight kids, teenagers can come down with this type as well. It is often a milder form with kidney, nerve and eye issues as well . Typically, in this type the pancreas produces insulin but not enough for the body's needs or the body is resistant to it. Obese people are at particularly high risk of developing this type of diabetes. There is no cure, but the condition can be managed with weight and nutrition management, and exercise. Some oral medication might also be used.

Type II

I am the tough and flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. I also give shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. I allow your bones to freely glide over each other and protect your bones from rubbing against each other. I can cause a lot of pain and limited movement and sometimes a deformity. What is my name?

cartilage

The increase in the size of the cells of an organ is called:

hypertrophy

A deficiency in the secretion of the thyroid gland is:

hypothyroidism

This condition affects a part of the body that acts as insulation and protection for the spinal cord. It is usually transmitted when bodily wastes from a person who has the disease contaminate food or water, which is then ingested by the other person. It is caused by a virus. During the 1950's Drs. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed two different types of vaccines. These vaccines "teach" the immune system how to defend itself against exposure to the virus in a killed or weakened form. The vaccines were tested on animals to make sure they were safe and effective before they were used in people. Today this disease has been virtually eradicated in the industrialized world, but remains a problem in one or two developing countries. What is this condition?

poliomyelitis

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel during life and remains fixed in place is called a(n) ___.

thrombus

A neuroma is a

benign tumor of nervous tissue

An infection of a bone is called:

osteomyelitis

Another name for pleural effusion is

hydrothorax

prefix "neo" means

new

The suffix "algia" means

pain

Diabetes mellitus is associated with the malfunction of which gland?

pancreas

Enlargement of the heart to offset a valvular defect is

pathological hypertrophy

Acromegaly is a disease resulting from over activity of which of the following endocrine glands?

pituitary

A disease which shows an alternating increase and decrease in the severity of its symptoms is:

a recurrent disease