NCC MOT peds quiz 1

Alec has an upper extremity weakness. The occupational therapist provides 4-year-old Alec with a lightweight bat and a tee stand so he can play more easily with his friends. Which frame of reference do you believe she is using?

Biomechanical

Which of the following is not an occupation-centered model of practice?

Biomechanical approach

What is the term for how one positions his/her self in relation to another and includes such things as posture and mannerisms?

Body language

Mary, the occupational therapist, gets a referral for a child with Down Syndrome who is 3. Based on the diagnosis, she decides to complete a fine motor evaluation using a standardized motor assessment and also evaluates visual-motor performance with a standardized tool, examines upper body strength, and observes overall coordination and balance with gross motor tasks. This all occurs in a testing room without observation of actual performance in play, self-care, or feeding. In this example, Mary is using which type of evaluative process?

Bottom-up approach

Which of the following observations addresses body functions for donning a jacket?

Cognitive functions: Recognize the need to locate the top of the jacket, understand that the visual markers indicate the top of the jacket, insight for a reason to put on a jacket.

River (an occupational therapist) helps 8-year-old Tanya, who has a developmental coordination disorder, decide what would help her do better in school. Together they outline steps that she can take to meet her goals and develop strategies. After Tanya has spent a few weeks trying out the steps, River asks her how the strategies worked and what might help her in the future. What type of approach does this most closely represent?

Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance

Terry along with her client, Kevin, and his parents make decisions regarding his adapted seating system for mealtimes. Terry describes the advantages and disadvantages of the systems before they pick one out that everyone likes. What type of mode best describes Terry's approach?

Collaborating

The occupational therapist is making a home visit to a family in a rural community. The grandmother, mother, and mother's sister are present during the session, with the grandmother bottle-feeding the 8-month-old infant. The occupational therapist is there to work with the family to develop the child's motor skills. What should the therapist do?

Direct her conversation and questions to the mother, grandmother, and aunt.

Matt is having trouble completing his morning routine because there are too many steps to complete. Which modification may help Matt be successful?

Eliminate steps

The occupational therapist notices that Ms. Martinez is upset, looks tired, and seems preoccupied during the intervention session. The therapist asks Ms. Martinez is everything is okay; she acknowledges that having to attend so many appointments must be stressful along with home and work demands. Ms. Martinez shares that she has additional stress at work and is feeling overwhelmed. What type of mode best describes the occupational therapist's approach?

Empathizing

Parents report that one of the most important things they want for their children with disabilities is friends. Which of the following is the best option an occupational therapist can provide to a family to facilitate this for their 12-year-old son?

Encourage the family to network with other families that have typical peers to be buddies/friends for their child

The OT gives the child a "high five" for pedaling the tricycle for 3 feet by himself. Which mode does this most closely represent?

Encouraging

What type of play involves looking and touching the mother's face, putting hands in one's mouth and responding to familiar people?

Exploratory

Each week, the occupational therapist, Karen (also a single mother), and the client's mother discuss the stressors related to being a single mother. Karen feels she is being supportive of the mother and she can honestly empathize with her situation. Which statement reflects over empathizing in occupational therapy?

Families may not challenge themselves to make needed changes.

Which statement may reflect why fathers who have children with disabilities might be more at risk than mothers?

Fathers may feel isolated and helpless compared with mothers, who are typically more involved.

Once the occupational therapist acknowledges that an interpersonal event has occurred, he or she must cope with it, which does not include which of the following?

Forget about it and ignore it; it happens to everyone.

What is it called when the occupational therapist brings a toy closer to the child so the child can successfully reach and grasp it during therapy?

Grading

Yolanda helps a child succeed at riding a tricycle, by adding enlarged footrests to strap in her feet and giving the child a little push from behind. Yolanda makes sure the child has a pathway free of obstacles so she does not have to turn. What is this called in occupational therapy?

Grading

Which of the following observations refers to the body structures used when donning a jacket?

Hold the top of the jacket, inside facing

In a cognitive model for intervention, the occupational therapist helps the child explore strategies, make decisions, apply strategies, and evaluate their use. In this approach, what does the occupational therapist do first?

Identify the occupational problems and task, and analyze why the child is having an occupational problem.

What is the first step in providing child- and family-centered care?

Identifying concerns of the child and family

Why should an occupational therapist take time to get to know the things a family does together, their weekly routine, and an explanation of family membership?

Involvement in family is central to best practice.

Mary (the OT) is excited to work with the family of a friend with whom she has lost contact. Mary hopes the family will be able to connect her with her friend and is looking forward to hearing about her friend. St the next session, she asks the mother many questions about her friend and they spend a lot of time discussing their home town, etc. Which statement describes this scenario?

It is not therapeutic: Mary is benefiting, but not the child and family.

Which model of practice emphasizes the child's subjective experience of his/her abilities?

Model of Human Occupation

What is it called when the occupational therapists provide a child with a built-up handle spoon so he can grip it and feed himself?

Modifying

Which frame of reference emphasizes techniques to teach children movement that resemble coaching?

Motor control/motor learning

Which principle does not follow neuromaturational theory?

Movement emerges from an interaction and cooperation from many systems

Which of the following strategies exemplifies a family-centered approach?

OT services are provided in the home, child care center, or clinic depending on the family's preference.

Which statement does not reflect how an occupational therapist uses clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth?

Select the most recent guidelines without considering client

Which statement reflects the role of typically developing siblings in occupational therapy intervention?

Siblings involved in occupational therapy sessions often elicit maximal effort from their brother or sister.

Ava is a 6 year old girl with spina bifida who is generally happy to be at occupational therapy. On this day, she comes to therapy looking sad and tearful. She tells the therapist that she had a fight with her best friend at recess. What type of characteristic is described in this scenario?

Situational

Mark is a 4-year-old boy with cerebral palsy who is generally happy to be at occupational therapy. He enters the room with a tearful-looking face. His mother indicates that Mark is not happy; he had to leave his best friend to come to therapy. What type of characteristic is described in this scenario?

Situational

Which statement best describes how occupational therapists should speak to parents?

Speak clearly and respectfully to children and families, using plain language.

Which statement best reflects how occupational therapists work with children with disabilities and their families?

Therapy is based upon the child and family system; the therapist helps the child engage in the family occupations.

A therapist has a personal value set that prevents her from condoning same-sex marriages. This therapist receives a referral to provide home-based intervention to twins with developmental disabilities who have same-sex parents. What should the therapist do?

Treat the parents and family with respect and dignity despite her own values.

One concept that is considered paramount in all of the occupation-centered practice models is the strong influence of _______ in relation to human occupation.

context

In cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP), the occupational therapist first collaborates with the child to identify occupational problems. The child and occupational therapist then

problem-solve how to improve the occupational performance problem, set goals, and make plans to practice those strategies.

An important aspect of pediatric occupational therapy is the active engagement of the child in therapy. This engagement is fostered through a variety of means including _________________.

provision of choice and incorporation of meaningful goals for the child

Fostering self-determination and self-efficacy is one important outcome of using what type of approach?

strengths based

An important aspect of pediatric occupational therapy practice is the use of theory. Theory helps the practitioners to

understand and predict the behaviors and occupational performance of children and families to guide clinical decision making.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be in a client-focused activity analysis of donning a jacket?

A child responds positively to feedback.

In what way do activity observation and analysis support pediatric occupational therapy intervention?

Activity synthesis integrates the results to identify alternate ways of performing activities.

The pediatric occupational therapist's skill with activity analysis and observation allows for the provision of which types of interventions?

All of these a. Modifying of tasks b. Modifying of environments and contexts c. Modifying of expectations

Pediatric occupational therapists use activity analysis to identify _____.

All of these b. Opportunities for intervention c. Barriers and supports in participation d. Activity demands

Which of the following behaviors best reflect professional behaviors?

Confidence, clear voice, and upright posture

A therapist receives a referral to evaluate and treat a child with multiple developmental disabilities born to a teenage mom residing in a home for teenage mothers. Which of the following is least likely to be a factor impacting the mother?

Abusing her child with disabilities

Kasey, the occupational therapist, meets with the principal of the school to see if it is possible to change the cafeteria to better accommodate to her client who has difficulty eating in the noisy and distracting cafeteria. She brings in stories, research and ideas of how to rearrange things to better meet the child's needs. What type of mode best describes Kasey's approach?

Advocating

How are the results of activity observations and analysis synthesized to guide intervention in pediatric occupational therapy?

All of these a. Activities are graded to match the client's current level of performance and build higher levels of performance. b. Preparatory therapeutic activities are selected to match the client's needs and goals. c. Modification of an activity or its context is customized to align with activity observation and analysis.

Cultural competency is important for which of the following reasons?

All of these: a. The diversity of the United States continues to grow and often cultural shifts happen rapidly. c. Occupational choices may vary in different cultures and therapists must be aware of these differences to provide family-centered care. d. Parenting styles may vary in different cultures and therapists must be careful to understand and not judge.

Which frame of reference provides an environment in which the child decides to select activities that require responses to movement, balance, weight bearing, and tactile activities?

Ayres' sensory integration