NEBOSH NCC1
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
Lifting equipment: - Sufficiently strong , stable and suitable for the proposed use - Positioned or installed to prevent risk of injury - Visibly marked with appropriate information - Planned, supervised and carried out in a safe manner by competent persons - Lifting people: marked accordingly; safe for purpose
Preparation for specialist activities
Lifting operations - cranes need good access, firm ground, plenty of room Piling - also need good access and space, noise and dust can be issues Steelwork
Asbestos survey
Management survey Refurbishment/Demolition survey
Assessment of manual handling risks
Manual Handling Operations Regualtions 1992 (MHOR) identify four factors to be considered: T - Task; nature of the handling operation and identification of high risk activities I - Individual capacity; physical characteristics of the person doing the handling operations and their ability in terms of knowledge and skills L - Load; including measurements of the objects being handled E - Environment; immediate physical surroundings within which the handling operation takes place
Minimising Manual Handling Risks - Individual
* Training, instruction, information and supervision * Employees should understand the importance of: - design of tasks, including workplace layout - recognising different types of loads and assessing the weight and balance of loads to decide which loads can be handled alone and which should be team-handled - safe lifting and handling techniques - correct use of PPE - correct use of mechanical aids * Design characteristics of handling tasks and use of mechanical equipment can greatly improve manual handling on construction sites
Non-mechanical hazards from machinery
- electricity - noise - vibration - hazardous substances - ionising radiation - non-ionising radiation - extreme temperatures - ergonomics - slips, trips and falls - fire and explosion
Resistance
Measure of how much a circuit or components in a circuit restricts the flow of electrical current Unit is ohm Symbol is R or Ω
Voltage
Measures the flow of electricity between two terminals Unit is volt Symbol is V
General hazards associated with mechanical lifting devices
Mechanical failure Overloading Collision with pedestrians, other vehicles or structures Falls of materials or persons Noise Contact with moving parts or crushing hazards Smoke, dust, fumes from the exhaust gases Fire and/or explosion when refuelling
Sources of external construction H&S information
National legislation HSE publications British/International/Europe standards Material safety data sheets Trade associations e.g. CITB, CIRIA Journals and magazines e.g. SHP Professional bodies e.g IOSH Internet e.g www.hse.gov.uk
Site security and protecting the public
Perimeter fencing - 2m high, robust Gates secured when not in use Plant and chemicals secure Safe passage for public Sheeting of scaffolding, wrapping of protrusions Safe control of children Environmental concerns - dust, wheel washes
Health and safety (First Aid) Regulations 1982
Place a duty on the employer to make an assessment of the facilities and personnel that will be appropriate
Principal contractors CDM duties
Plan, manage and monitor construction phase Prepare, develop and implement a written plan and site rules Give contractors relevant parts of the plan Provide suitable welfare facilities Check competence of all appointees Site inductions and further info and training Consult with workers Liaise with CDM-c Secure the site
Initial site assessment
Previous and current use of the land History of the site Area of site: restrictions Topography and ground conditions Other activities on site Proximity and features of the surroundings Means of access Presence of overhead or buried services
Sources of information for COSHH
Product labels HSE Guidance note EH40 Manufactures' safety data sheets
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (European Regulation EC1907/2006)
Construction phase H&S plan
Relevant info from pre-construction information Project description and programme or works with key dates Identify the organisation in place (mgmt structure, responsibilities and "who does what") Identify arrangements in place to manage H&S risks Show how construction work will be co-ordinated and how consultation will be achieved Contain the H&S file
Extinguishing a fire
Remove the fuel - starvation Remove the oxygen - smothering Remove the heat - cooling
Provision of Health and Welfare facilities
Requirement under CDM 2007 regs Schedule 2
Control measures for pedestrian hazards
Risk assessment to identify hazards Floor surfaces Designated walkways, traffic routes Signage PPE Information, instruction, training and supervision
Site planning
Roadways Storage Safe loading/unloading Site offices Lighting Signs
Welfare facilities
Sanitary conveniences - separate for men and women Washing facilities - adjacent to wc's and changing areas, hot and cold water Drinking water Accommodation for clothing Rest and eating facilities - preparation of meals and boiling water Ventilation, heating and lighting
Control measures for electricity
Selection and suitability of equipment for use Planning and installation Permit-to-work procedures Protective systems Competent persons Safe systems of work (Electricity at Work Regulations 1989) Inspection and maintenance
Minimising Manual Handling Risks - Task
Sequencing Work routine Using teams Mechanising or automating tasks
Appropriate general site control measures
Site planning Preparation for specialist activities Site security and means of protecting the public Arrangements with client/occupier of premises Site inductions
Arrangements with clients and occupies of premises
Site rules Co-operation and consultation Shared facilities Protection of other employees and visitors
Fire detection
Smoke/fume detectors Heat detectors Flame detectors
Scaffold components
Standards Ledgers Transoms Base plate and sole boards Sleeve couples or joint pins
Control measures for vehicle movement
Suitability and sufficiency of traffic routes Management of vehicle movements Suitability and maintenance of vehicles Driver protection Segregation of pedestrians and vehicles Site rules Selection and training of drivers Driver competence
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) requires:
Suitability of work equipment Conformity of relevant standards (CE Mark) Work equipment presenting specific risks should only be used by competent and trained persons Information, instruction, and training Dangerous parts of machinery - guarded using hierarchy Checks and Maintenance Examination and inspection Operations and emergency controls Environment User responsibility Markings
Factors contributing to ill-health
Task - physical requirements, e.g. posture and physical action, forces involved, repetition, duration and recovery time Environment - particularly lighting, e.g. illumination, contrast, glare. Cold or damp conditions should also be considered Equipment - physical characteristics of the equipment and position in relation to user. Also consider worker interaction with the work equipment itself - can it be adjusted?
Physical effects of noise
Temporary reduction in hearing Temporary ringing in ears Noise-Induced Hearing Loss NIHL Tinnitus Stress effects
Fire risk assessment
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO)
Ohm's law
The principle that the electric current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided that the temperature remains constant. The constant of proportionality is the resistance of the conductor V = I x R
Basic principles of fire
Three components Heat - source of ignition Fuel - includes any combustible material Oxygen - must be present to support a fire
Chemicals hazardous to health are classified as:
Toxic or very toxic Harmful Corrosive Irritant Carcinogenic
Construction issues
Transitory nature of workers Temporary nature of construction activities and the constantly changing workplace Time pressures from clients and principal contractors Weather conditions Levels of numeracy and literacy of workers Non-English speaking workers
Control measures to minimise fire on construction sites
Use and storage of flammable and combustible materials Control of ignition sources Control of hot work Safe systems of work Permit-to-work procedures Safe storage, transport and use of cylinder gases Good housekeeping
Minimising Manual Handling Risks - Load
When assessing a load, the following aspects should be considered: - weight and size - making the load easier to grasp - making the load more stable and rigid - making the load less damaging to hold - markings
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS)
Wide ranging term covers all disorders that affect the body's muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints, nerves and other soft tissues
Working at Height regs
Work at Height Regulations 2005
Work Equipment definition
Work equipment is defined as: "any machinery, appliance, apparatus, tool or installation for use at work (whether exclusively or not)"
Main risks from working at height
Worker falling from height An object falling from height onto someone below
CDM co-ordinator CDM duties
Advise and assist client with their duties Notify HSE Co-ordinate H&S aspects of design work and co-operate with others Facilitate good communication Liaise with principal contractor re ongoing design Pass on pre-construction information Prepare/update H&S file
Extinguishers
All extinguishers coloured red Water - white lettering - class A fires Carbon dioxide - black - class A+B Foam - cream - class A+B Dry powder - blue - all classes Halon - green - now very rare Wet chemical - yellow - class F
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007
Apply to all construction projects Duties placed on clients, designers and all construction workers
CDM client duties
Appoint competent persons Ensure suitable mgmt of welfare Allow sufficient time and resources Provide pre-construction info Appoint duty holders for notifiable projects Retain and provide access to health and safety file
Methods to avoid working at height
Avoid - can it be done from ground level Prevent - collective measures preferred Minimise - e.g fall-arrest equipment
Control measures for Working near Overhead Power Lines
Avoidance where possible Pre-planning and consultation with service provider Ground level barriers Restriction of Equipment and vehicle reach
Manual handling hazards
Back injuries - MSDs - caused by twisting, lifting, of pushing loads Muscular problems - strains and sprains Hernias - rupture of the musculature of the body cavity wall Cuts, abrasions and bruising Bone injuries - cracks and fractures Work-related upper limb disorder (WRULDs) - these affect the soft tissues of the wrist, neck, shoulders and arms Exposure to hazardous substances
Health and safety file contains:
Brief description of the work carried out As built dwgs Survey info (e.g. Asbestos) and groundwork plans Location of services Key structural issues and safe loading of floors, roofs etc. Safety info regarding any hazardous substances or materials used Information re maintenance issues Access to plant and equipment and the methods to be adopted Manufacturers' instructions and manuals for new equipment included in the project
Contractor CDM duties
Check client aware of duties Plan, manage and monitor own work and that of workers Check competence Train own employees Comply with part 4 of CDM regs Ensure adequate welfare facilities Co-operate with principal contractor
Designer CDM duties
Check client is aware of their duties Eliminate hazards and reduce risks during design Provide information about remaining risks Check CDM co-ordinator has been appointed Provide any information needed for H&S file
CHIP 4
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2009 - not due to be superseded
Basic vibration control measures
Choice of equipment - mechanisation - change the tool - anti-vibration mounts Maintenance - properly adjusted - sharp tools Limit exposure PPE
Classification of fire
Class A - solid, combustible material Class B - flammable liquids like petrol Class C - gases, i.e. propane Class D - metals Class F - cooking fats
CLP
Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation - this will replace CHIP 4 (N.B. this is European Regulation)
Duty holders for notifiable projects
Client - have most influence Designers - have responsibility beyond construction phase Contractors - competence CDM Co-ordinator - advise client of their duties, co- ordinates others Principal contractor - safe working, co- ordination and co-operation between contractors
Minimising Manual Handling Risks - Working Environment
Conditions in which manual handling is carried out should be assessed, with consideration given to: - workplace design - floor conditions - changes of level - atmospheric conditions - Personal protective equipment (PPE)
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO)
Conduct fire risk assessment Identify fire hazards Identify people at risk Remove or reduce the risk Implement additional preventive and protective measures Emergency procedures Record Review
CDM regs - notifiable projects
Construction phase will last longer than 30 days Construction phase will involve more than 500 person days at work
Artificial Optical Radiation
Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations (AOR) 2010
Asbestos regs
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
Noise regs
Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
COSHH
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
Vibration regs
Control of Vibration at Work regulations 2005
Heat transmission and fire spread
Convection Conduction Radiation Direct burning
Three types of asbestos
Crocidolite - blue Amosite - brown Chrysotile - white
Mechanical hazards
Crushing Shearing Cutting or severing Entanglement Drawing in or trapping impact Stabbing or puncture Friction or abrasion
Causes of stress
Demands Control Support Relationships Role Change
Pre-construction information
Description of the project Management requirements and provisions Environmental restrictions and existing risks on site Design and construction hazards Health and safety file
Basic hazards and risk factors for working at height
Design Distance of fall Roofs Voids Deterioration of materials Unprotected edges Unstable access equipment Weather Falling materials
COSHH principles of good practice
Design and operate processes to minimise exposure Consider routes of exposure Control exposure Choose effective control measures Combine with suitable PPE Check and review Inform and train Ensure does not increase other risks
Site inductions
Details of site arrangements Conditions of work Emergency procedures Special hazards, permit to work requirements Exclusion and no-go areas Use of mobile telephones and radios
Examples of repetitive construction activities that can cause MSD's and WRULD's
Digging Kerb laying Movement and fixing of plasterboard Placement and finishing of concrete slabs Bricklaying Erecting and dismantling scaffolds Use of display screen equipment
Forms of chemical agents
Dusts Fibres Fumes Gases Mists Vapours Liquids
Risks of electricity
Electric shock Electrical burns Electrical fires Secondary hazards, such as falling from ladder
COSHH control measures
Eliminate Substitute Process change Reduced time exposure Enclosure and segregation Local exhaust ventilation Dilution ventilation RPE - respiratory protective equipment Personal hygiene and protection regimes Health surveillance
Basic noise control techniques
Eliminate the source Substitute the source Maintenance Damping Silencing Insulation Isolation Absorption Acoustic haven Hearing protection Surveillance
Safe handling and storage of waste legislation
Environmental Protection Act 1990 Controlled Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2012
Vibration risk assessment to consider
Equipment likely to cause vibration Magnitude, type and duration Effects on people at risk Effects on the workplace and environment Manufactures' information Availability of alternatives Rest facility exposure Specific working conditions Information and Surveillance
Driving at work
Factors: distance, traffic and driving hours, work schedules, weather conditions, stress or fatigue Road safety: safe driving policy, monitor performance, organisation and structure Control measures: elimination, alternative transport, vehicle sharing, schedules, driver competence
High risk areas for injuries in construction
Falls from height Slips, trips and falls Being struck by falling/moving objects Manual handling
Current
Flow or speed at which power travels along a conductor Unit is amperes or amps Symbol is I
Forms on biological agents
Fungi Bacteria Viruses Blue-green algae
Five steps to COSHH assessment
Gather information about the substance, the people exposed, and work activities carried out Evaluate health risks - are current controls adequate Identify controls and implement them Record the risk assessment and actions taken Review and revise
Edge protection requirements
Guard rail at least 950 above working platform Intermediate rails so no gap more than 470 Toe board at least 150
Factors to consider on COSHH health risks
Hazardous nature Physical form Quantity Potential ill-health effects Duration Routes of entry Concentration Number of people Control measures
Safe handling and storage of waste
Hazardous nature of waste Manual handling Storage equipment difficult to access Compactors - moving parts Vehicle movements Scavengers may be attracted to waste Pollution Segregation of waste Documentation
Factors to consider first aid provision
Hazards and risks on-site Size of the workforce Nature and distribution of the workforce Accident history of the organisation How far is the site from ambulance/hospital Needs of travelling and remote workers Nature of shared facilities on site Annual leave and holiday requirements of first-aides and appointed persons
Safe movement of vehicles and plant
Hazards: Loss of control Overturning Collisions Site layout Gradients Excavations Scaffolding False work Loading/unloading, sheeting, coupling
Safe movement of pedestrians on construction sites
Hazards: Slips trips and falls Falls from height Collisions or striking Environmental conditions
Control measures for machinery hazards
Hierarchy: Fixed guard Other type of guard, such as interlock, trip devices, adjustable and self-adjusting Operator control, such as two-hand control, hold-to-run control, emergency stop controls Protection appliances, such as jigs, push-sticks, holders, etc. PPE Information, instruction, training and supervision
Additional risks of fire for construction
Hot works Electricity Smoking Cooking appliances Heating appliances Deliberate ignition (arson) Unsafe use and storage of flammable substances Mechanical heat
Routes of entry for hazardous substances
Inhalation Ingestion Absorption through the skin Injection
Work-related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULDs)
Injuries occurring in the upper body (hands, arms, wrists, fingers, neck and shoulders) usually affecting the soft tissue, and caused or contributed to by a workers activities in the workplace
LOLER testing and inspecting requirements
Inspected on installation Regular visual inspection (weekly or daily) Examined every 6mths if used for lifting people Examined every 12mths for all other lifting equipment Competent person to conduct all examinations Record of inspections and examinations Examination report to employer and of defect could cause imminent or serious danger, report to HSE
Working in occupied premises
Isolating areas of work Work out of hours Wardens to inspect all occupied areas to ensure safety More frequent cleaning and waste removal Safety briefs for occupants, aware of hazards, understand safety signs etc.
Noise regulation requirements
LEAVs Noise exceeds 80 dB (A), one-off exceeds 135 dB (A) UEAVs Noise exceeds 85 dB (A), one-off exceeds 137 dB (A) ELVs 87dB (A) - 140 dB (A)
Lifting and Moving Equipment
Lifting and moving devices fall into two categories: Mechanically-operated e.g. forklift trucks; telehandlers; dumper trucks; excavators; lifts and hoists; conveyors; and mobile and tower cranes Manually-operated e.g. wheelbarrows; sack trucks and pallet trucks
