Nephritis/Nephrotic Syndrome

The nurse performing an admission assessment on a 2-year-old child who has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome notes that which most common characteristic is associated with this syndrome? 1. Hypertension 2. Generalized edema 3. Increased urinary output 4. Frank, bright red blood in the urine

2. Generalized edema

Which child is at risk for developing glomerulonephritis? 1. A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago. 2. A 5-year-old with a history of five UTIs in the previous year. 3. A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes. 4. A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia.

1. A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago. Impetigo is a skin infection caused by the streptococcal organism that is commonly associated with glomerulonephritis.

A school-age child hospitalized with acute potstreptococcal glomerulonephritis during the acute stage has elevated blood pressure and low urine output for 14 hours. What should the nurse do next? 1. Assess the child's neurologic status. 2. Encourage the child to drink more water. 3. Advise the child to eat a low-sodium breakfast. 4. Help the client to ambulate in the hallway.

1. Assess the child's neurologic status.

The charge nurse reviews the laboratory results of a child admitted with nephrotic syndrome with a nurse new to the pediatric unit. The nurse is aware that teaching is required when the new nurse states that which finding is expected with nephrotic syndrome? 1. hyperalbuminemia 2. elevated triglycerides 3. elevated cholesterol 4. proteinuria

1. hyperalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia instead

The nurse reviews the record of a child who is suspected to have glomerulonephritis. Which statement by the child's parent should the nurse expect that is associated with this diagnosis? 1. "His pediatrician said his kidneys are working well." 2. "I noticed his urine was the color of cola lately." 3. "I'm so glad they didn't find any protein in his urine." 4. "The nurse who admitted my child said his blood pressure was low."

2. "I noticed his urine was the color of cola lately." Gross hematuria is a classic sign

The clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are due to which of the following? 1. Chemical changes in the composition of albumin. 2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli. 3. Obstruction of the capillaries of the glomeruli. 4. Loss of the kidneys' ability to excrete waste and concentrate urine.

2. "It's not unusual to see elevated lipids in children because of the dietary habits of today."

The parent of a child with glomerulonephritis asks the nurse why the urine is such a funny color. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "It is not uncommon for the urine to be discolored when children are receiving steroids and blood pressure medications." 2. "There is blood in your child's urine that causes it to be tea-colored." 3. "Your child's urine is very concentrated, so it appears to be discolored." 4. "A ketogenic diet often causes the urine to be tea-colored."

2. "There is blood in your child's urine that causes it to be tea-colored."

The clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are due to which of the following? 1. Chemical changes in the composition of albumin. 2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli. 3. Obstruction of the capillaries of the glomeruli. 4. Loss of the kidneys' ability to excrete waste and concentrate urine.

2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli in MCNS allows large substances such as protein to pass through and be excreted in the urine.

. The clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are due to which of the following? 1. Chemical changes in the composition of albumin. 2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli. 3. Obstruction of the capillaries of the glomeruli. 4. Loss of the kidneys' ability to excrete waste and concentrate urine.

2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli.

The toddler with nephrotic syndrome responds to treatment and is ready to go home. When helping the family plan for home care, the nurse should include which instruction in the teaching? 1. Administer pain medication as needed. 2. Keep the child away from others with an infection. 3. Notify the health care provider (HCP) if there is an increase in the child's urine output. 4. Administer acetaminophen daily.

2. Keep the child away from others with an infection.

The parents of a child hospitalized with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) ask why the last blood test revealed elevated lipids. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "If your child had just eaten a fatty meal, the lipids may have been falsely elevated." 2. "It's not unusual to see elevated lipids in children because of the dietary habits of today." 3. "Because your child is losing so much protein, the liver is stimulated and makes more lipids." 4. "Your child's blood is very concentrated because of the edema, so the lipids are falsely elevated."

3. "Because your child is losing so much protein, the liver is stimulated and makes more lipids."

Which question should the nurse ask first when obtaining a history from the parent of a school-age child with a fever, malaise, and swelling around the eyes? 1. "Has the child had a sore throat recently?" 2. "Is the child playing with friends as usual?" 3. "Does the child urinate as much as usual?" 4. "Is the urine pale in color?"

3. "Does the child urinate as much as usual?" Most likely, the nurse suspects that the child is exhibiting signs and symptoms of glomeru-lonephritis, such as periorbital edema and fever. Other signs and symptoms include loss of appetite, dark-colored urine, pallor, headaches, and abdominal pain. To confirm this suspicion, the nurse would ask about the child's urinary elimination patterns. Typically, the child with glomerulonephritis experiences a decrease in urine output. Asking about any recent sore throat would provide additional information to confirm the suspicion of glomerulo-nephritis because the most common type is acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, which follows a strep throat by 10 to 14 days.

Which meal would be most appropriate for an adolescent with glomerulonephritis with severe hypertension? 1. egg noodles, hamburger, canned peas, milk 2. baked ham, baked potato, pear, canned car-rots, milk 3. baked chicken, rice, beans, orange juice 4. hot dog on a bun, corn chips, pickle, cookie, milk

3. baked chicken, rice, beans, orange juice

Which question should the nurse ask the parents of a child suspected of having glomerulonephritis? 1. "Did your child fall off a bike onto the handlebars?" 2. "Has the child had persistent nausea and vomiting?" 3. "Has the child been itching or had a rash anytime in the last week?" 4. "Has the child had a sore throat or a throat infection in the last few weeks?"

4. "Has the child had a sore throat or a throat infection in the last few weeks?"

The toddler with nephrotic syndrome exhibits generalized edema. Which measure should the nurse institute for this child with impaired skin integrity related to edema? 1. Ambulate every shift while awake. 2. Apply lotion on opposing skin surfaces. 3. Apply powder to skinfolds. 4. Separate opposing skin surfaces with soft cloth.

4. Separate opposing skin surfaces with soft cloth.

A client has been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. The client now presents with sudden hematuria, variable proteinuria and a decreased glomerular filtration rate. What is a probable diagnosis? A. Chronic glomerulonephritis B. Acute nephritic syndrome C. Acute nephrotic syndrome D. Goodpasture syndrome

B. Acute nephritic syndrome

You're collecting a urine sample on a patient who is experiencing proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome. As the nurse, you know the urine will appear: A. Tea-colored B. Orange and frothy C. Dark and foamy D. Straw-colored

C. Dark and foamy

A patient admitted with nephrotic syndrome is being cared for on the medical unit. When writing this patients care plan, based on the major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse include? A)Constipation related to immobility B)Risk for injury related to altered thought processes C)Hyperthermia related to the inflammatory process D)Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema

D)Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema The major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome is edema, so the appropriate nursing diagnosis is Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema. Edema is usually soft, pitting, and commonly occurs around the eyes, in dependent areas, and in the abdomen.

Anuria is a total urine output of less than 30 ML/h in a 24 hour period True or False

False> Total urine output less than 50 ML in 24 hrs.

True or False: Hypertension occurs in acute glomerulonephritis and is not a common finding with nephrotic syndrome.

TRUE. Patients with acute glomerulonephritis will experience a decreased in the glomerular filtration rate, which will cause the kidneys to filter LESS blood. This leads to more blood volume, hence hypertension. In addition, the patient will retain more water and sodium. In nephrotic syndrome, it is rare for the glomerular filtration rate to be affected.

A school-age child with glomerulonephritis reports a headache and blurred vision. What immediate action should the nurse take? 1. Put the client to bed. 2. Obtain the child's blood pressure. 3. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 4. Administer acetaminophen.

2. Obtain the child's blood pressure. HTN occurs with glomerulonephritis symptoms of a HA and blurred vision may indicate high BP

The nurse is preparing a teaching care plan for the client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which intervention should the nurse include? 1. Stop steroids if a moon face develops. 2. Provide teaching for taking diuretics. 3. Increase the intake of dietary sodium. 4 Report a decrease in daily weight

2. Provide teaching for taking diuretics.

Which statement by a parent is most consistent with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)? 1. "My child missed 2 days of school last week because of a really bad cold." 2. "After camping last week, my child's legs were covered in bug bites." 3. "My child came home from school a week ago because of vomiting and stomach cramps." 4. "We have a pet turtle, but no one washes their hands after playing with the turtle."

1. "My child missed 2 days of school last week because of a really bad cold."

The parents of a child with glomerulonephritis ask how they will know their child is improving after they go home. Which are the nurse's best responses? Select all that apply. 1. "Your child's urine output will increase, and the urine will become less tea-colored." 2. "Your child will have more energy as lab tests become more normal." 3. "Your child's appetite will decrease as urine output increases." "Your child's laboratory values will become more normal." 5. "Your child's weight will increase as the urine becomes less tea-colored."

1. "Your child's urine output will increase, and the urine will become less tea-colored." 5. "Your child's weight will increase as the urine becomes less tea-colored."

The parents of a child with glomerulonephritis ask how they will know their child is improving after they go home. Which are the nurse's best responses? Select all that apply. 1. "Your child's urine output will increase, and the urine will become less tea-colored." 2. "Your child will have more energy as lab tests become more normal." 3. "Your child's appetite will decrease as urine output increases." 4. "Your child's laboratory values will become more normal." 5. "Your child's weight will increase as the urine becomes less tea-colored."

1. "Your child's urine output will increase, and the urine will become less tea-colored." 5. "Your child's weight will increase as the urine becomes less tea-colored." The child's weight will increase as the urine resumes a more normal color, indicating lab values are returning to normal and the child is better.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a child admitted to the hospital with a probable diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to observe? Select all that apply. 1. Pallor 2. Edema 3. Anorexia 4. Proteinuria 5. Weight loss 6. Decreased serum lipids

1. Pallor 2. Edema 3. Anorexia 4. Proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder charac. terized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, elevated serum lipids, anorexia, and pallor. The child gains weight.

When developing the plan of care for a school age child with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis who has a fluid restriction of 1.000 ml/day, which fluid should the nurse consider as most appropriate for the clients condition and effective preventing excessive thirst? 1. diet cola 2 ice chips 3. lemonade 4. tap water

2. ice chips

An adolescent client has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis and has been in the hospital for 1 day. Which finding requires immediate action? 1. large amount periorbital edema 2. urine specific gravity of 1.030 3. large amounts of red blood cells in the urine 4. 24-hour output of 1,000 mL

2. urine specific gravity of 1.030 This would be caused by inflammation of the glomeruli

child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has generalized edema. The skin appears stretched, and areas of breakdown are noted over the bony prominences. The child has been receiving furosemide (Lasix) twice daily for several days. Which does the nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan to reduce edema? 1. An increase in the amount and frequency of furosemide (Lasix). 2. Addition of a second diuretic, such as mannitol. 3. Administration of intravenous albumin. 4. Elimination of all fluids and sodium from the child's diet.

3. Administration of intravenous albumin.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out nephrotic syndrome. Which intervention should be included in the plan of care? 1. Monitor the urine for bright-red bleeding. 2. Evaluate the calorie count of the 500-mg protein diet. 3. Assess the client's sacrum for dependent edema. 4. Monitor for a high serum albumin level.

3. Assess the client's sacrum for dependent edema.

Which finding requires immediate attention in a child with glomerulonephritis? 1. Sleeping most of the day and being very "cranky" when awake; blood pressure is 170/90. 2. Urine output is 190 mL in an 8-hour period and is the color of Coca-Cola. 3. Complaining of a severe headache and photophobia. 4. Refusing breakfast and lunch and stating he "just is not hungry."

3. Complaining of a severe headache and photophobia.

Which finding requires immediate attention in a child with glomerulonephritis? 1. Sleeping most of the day and being very "cranky" when awake; blood pressure is 170/90. 2. Urine output is 190 mL in an 8-hour period and is the color of Coca-Cola. 3. Complaining of a severe headache and photophobia. 4. Refusing breakfast and lunch and stating he "just is not hungry."

3. Complaining of a severe headache and photophobia.

Which combination of signs is commonly associated with glomerulonephritis? 1. Massive proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy. 2. Mild proteinuria, increased urinary output, and lethargy. 3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy. 4. Massive proteinuria, decreased urinary output, and hypotension.

3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy.

Which combination of signs is commonly associated with glomerulonephritis? 1. Massive proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy. 2. Mild proteinuria, increased urinary output, and lethargy. 3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy. 4. Massive proteinuria, decreased urinary output, and hypotension

3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy. Mild-to-moderate proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy are common findings in glomerulonephritis.

A school-age client admitted to the hospital because of decreased urine output and periorbital edema is diagnosed with acute poststreptococ-cal glomerulonephritis. Which assessment gives the nurse the best indication of the child's fluid balance? 1. Assess vital signs every 4 hours. 2. Monitor intake and output every 12 hours. 3. Obtain daily weight measurements. 4. Draw serum electrolyte levels daily

3. Obtain daily weight measurements.

When developing the discharge plan for a school-age child diagnosed with acute poststrepto-coccal glomerulonephritis, which instruction should the nurse plan to discuss? 1. Restrict dietary protein. 2. Monitor pulse rate and rhythm. 3. Prevent respiratory infections. 4. Restrict foods high in potassium.

3. Prevent respiratory infections.

A parent asks the nurse how to prevent the child from having minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) again. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "It is very rare for a child to have a relapse after having fully recovered." 2. "Unfortunately, many children have cycles of relapse, and there is very little that can be done to prevent it." 3. "Your child is much less likely to get sick again if sodium is decreased in the diet." 4. "Try to keep your child away from sick children because relapses have been associated with infectious illnesses."

4. "Try to keep your child away from sick children because relapses have been associated with infectious illnesses."

A toddler diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has a fluid volume excess related to fluid accumulation in the tissues. Which measure should the nurse anticipate including in the child's plan of care? 1. Limit visitors to 2 to 3 hours a day. 2. Maintain strict bed rest. 3. Test urine specific gravity every shift. 4. Weigh the child before breakfast.

4. Weigh the child before breakfast.

Which patient below is at MOST RISK for developing acute glomerulonephritis? A. A 3 year old male who has a positive ASO titer. B. A 5 year old male who is recovering from an appendectomy. C. An 18 year old male who is diagnosed with HIV. D. A 6 year old female newly diagnosed with measles.

A. A 3 year old male who has a positive ASO titer. An ASO (antistreptolysin) titer is a test used to diagnose strep infections.

The nurse is assessing a patient suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to address what clinical manifestation that is characteristic of this health problem? A. Hematuria B. Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels C. Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration D. Glucosuria

A. Hematuria The primary presenting feature of acute glomerulonephritis is hematuria (blood in the urine), which may be microscopic (identifiable through microscopic examination) or macroscopic or gross (visible to the eye). Proteinuria, primarily albumin, which is present, is due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels may rise as urine output drops. Some degree of edema and hypertension is noted in most patients.

Which signs and symptoms would you expect to see in a client diagnosed with acute nephritic syndrome? A. Hematuria and proteinuria B. Proteinuria and hyperlipidemia C. Hypoalbuminemia and lipiduria D. Generalized edema and hypotension

A. Hematuria and proteinuria

Which of the following are NOT a sign and symptom of acute glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal)? SATA A. Hypotension B. Increased Glomerular filtration rate C. Cola-colored urine D. Massive proteinuria E. Elevated BUN and creatinine F. Mild swelling in the face or eyes

A. Hypotension B. Increased Glomerular filtration rate D. Massive proteinuria The patient with AGN may experience HYPERtension (not hypotension), DECREASED glomerular filtration rate (NOT increased), MILD (not massive) proteinuria. Massive proteinuria is a classic sign and symptom in Nephrotic Syndrome which doesn't present with hematuria.

In patients who are experiencing acute glomerulonephritis, the glomerulus is permeable to what substances? A. Red blood cells and protein B. Protein and white blood cells C. Red blood cells, protein, and lipids D. Proteins

A. Red blood cells and protein

A 6 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. In your nursing care plan you will include which of the following as a nursing diagnosis for this patient? A. Risk for infection B. Deficient fluid volume C. Constipation D. Overflow urinary incontinence

A. Risk for infection A patient with nephrotic syndrome is at risk for infection due to the potential loss of proteins (immunoglobulins) in the urine that help fight infection. In addition, medication treatment for nephrotic syndrome may include corticosteroids or immune suppressors, which will further suppress the immune system.

You're providing education to a group of nursing students about nephrotic syndrome. A student describes the signs and symptoms of this condition. Which signs and symptoms verbalized by the student require you to re-educate the student about this topic? Select-all-that-apply: A. Slight proteinuria B. Hypoalbuminemia C. Edema D. Hyperlipidemia E. Tea-colored urine F. Hypertension

A. Slight proteinuria E. Tea-colored urine F. Hypertension The patient with nephrotic syndrome will experience massive proteinuria (not slight) along with low albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia), edema, and high cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It is not common for the patient to experience tea-colored urine or hypertension (rare) this is very common with acute glomerulonephritis.

A 5 year-old male patient is experiencing acute glomerulonephritis. What signs and symptoms may you observe with this condition? A. Swelling in the face B. Hyperlipidemia C. Tea-colored urine D. Elevated BUN and creatinine level E. >3 Grams of protein loss in the urine per day

A. Swelling in the face C. Tea-colored urine D. Elevated BUN and creatinine level

A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? SATA A. Urine dipstick +2 protein B. Edema in the ankles C. Hyperlipidemia D. Polyuria E. Anorexia

A. Urine dipstick +2 protein B. Edema in the ankles C. Hyperlipidemia E. Anorexia 2. A. CORRECT: A client who has nephrotic syndrome will exhibit proteinuria of due to the kidneys' inability to filter urine. B. CORRECT: A client who has nephrotic syndrome will exhibit edema in the ankles due to the decreasing colloidal osmotic pressure in the capillaries. C. CORRECT: A client who has nephrotic syndrome will exhibit hyperlipidemia due to the increased hepatic synthesis of proteins and lipids. E. CORRECT: A client who has nephrotic syndrome will exhibit anorexia due to the edema of the intestinal mucosa.

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute glomerular inflammation. When assessing for the characteristic signs and symptoms of this health problem, the nurse should include which assessments? Select all that apply. A)Percuss for pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. B)Assess for the presence of peripheral edema. C)Auscultate the patients apical heart rate for dysrhythmias. D)Assess the patients BP. E)Assess the patients orientation and judgment.

B)Assess for the presence of peripheral edema. D)Assess the patients BP.

A nurse is caring for a school age child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. BUN 8mg/dL B. Blood creatine 1.3mg/dL C. Blood pressure 100/74 mm Hg D. Urine output 500 mL in 24 hrs

B. Blood creatine 1.3mg/dL

Select the most common type of medications that may be ordered by a physician to treat nephrotic syndrome: A. Cardiac glycosides B. Corticosteroids C. Antibiotics D. Antihypertensives E. Diuretics F. Anticholinergics

B. Corticosteroids E. Diuretics Corticosteroids are commonly ordered for treatment of nephrotic syndrome. These medications will help reduce swelling and decrease the amount of protein lost in the urine. In addition, diuretics will help remove extra fluid in the body. Diuretics are sometimes used with the administration of IV albumin to help replenish the system with albumin.

While providing care to a pediatric patient with acute glomerulonephritis, you note the urine output to be 10 mL/hr. The patient weighs 30 lbs. As the nurse, you will want to limit what type of foods from the patient's diet? A. Calcium-rich foods B. Potassium-rich foods C. Purine -rich foods D. None of the above because the patient's urinary output is normal based on the patient's weight.

B. Potassium-rich foods

A patient is diagnosed nephrotic syndrome. What signs and symptoms below are common in this condition? Select-all-that-apply: A. Hypertension B. Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate C. Foamy, frothy urine D. Massive Proteinuria E. Hyperlipidemia F. Edema G. Hematuria H. Hypoalbuminemia

C. Foamy, frothy urine D. Massive Proteinuria E. Hyperlipidemia F. Edema H. Hypoalbuminemia Hypertension, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and hematuria are common findings in ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS.

A patient is suspected of having nephrotic syndrome due to a health history of Lupus. As the nurse you know that what substance(s) will be present in the urine to confirm this diagnosis? A. Red blood cells and mild protein B. Massive red blood cells and moderate protein C. Massive protein D. Elevated potassium and sodium

C. Massive protein In nephrotic syndrome there is a MASSIVE amount of protein lost in the urine. Red blood cells are rarely lost in this condition.

A patient who is experiencing poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis has edema mainly in the face and around the eyes. As the nurse, you know to expect the edema to be more prominent during the? A. Evening B. Afternoon C. Morning D. Bedtime

C. Morning

A 15-year-old is admitted to the renal unit with a diagnosis of postinfectious glomerular disease. The nurse should recognize that this form of kidney disease may have been precipitated by what event? A) Psychosocial stress B) Hypersensitivity to an immunization C) Menarche D) Streptococcal infection

D) Streptococcal infection Postinfectious causes of postinfectious glomerular disease are group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the throat that precedes the onset of glomerulonephritis by 2 to 3 weeks. Menarche, stress, and hypersensitivity are not typical causes.

Which patient below is NOT at risk for developing nephrotic syndrome? A. An 8 year old male with diabetes mellitus. B. A 5 year old female diagnosed with minimal change disease. C. A 10 year old male with Lupus. D. A 7 year old male recently diagnosed with Goodpasture's Syndrome.

D. A 7 year old male recently diagnosed with Goodpasture's Syndrome.

A 20-year-old client is admitted with dark-colored urine, fever, and pain in the flank area. Which of the following findings in the client's medical history aligns with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis? A. Family history of acute glomerulonephritis B. A history of renal trauma C. A history of renal calculi D. A history of recent streptococcal infection

D. A history of recent streptococcal infection

**A child is recovering from a bout with group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. The child returns to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed. A. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease B. Adult onset medullary cystic disease C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis D. Acute nephritic syndrome

D. Acute nephritic syndrome

TRUE or FALSE: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is a type of NEPHROTIC SYNDROME, which means there is the leakage of BOTH red blood cells and protein from the inflamed glomerulus into the filtrate.

FALSE: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is a type of NEPHRITIC (not nephrOtic) SYNDROME, which means there is the leakage of BOTH red blood cells and protein from the inflamed glomerulus into the filtrate. In Nephrotic Syndrome, there is only leakage of PROTEIN (not red blood cells) into the filtrate.

True or False: One of the main causes of nephrotic syndrome is a post streptococcal infection.

False: A streptococcal infection is one of the main causes of ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. It can occur 14 days after a strep infection of the throat or skin.

The nurse determines that interventions for decreasing fluid retention have been effective when the nurse makes which assessment in a child with nephrotic syndrome? 1. decreased abdominal girth 2. increased caloric intake 3. increased respiratory rate 4, decreased heart rate

1. decreased abdominal girth Fluid accumulates in the abdomen and interstitial spaces owing to hydrostatic pressure changes. Increased abdominal fluid is evidenced by an increase in abdominal girth. Therefore, decreased abdominal girth is a sign of reduced fluid in the third spaces and tissues

As the nurse, you know that it is important to implement a low sodium and potassium diet for a patient with nephrotic syndrome. However, it is important to implement what other type of diet due to another complication associated with this syndrome? A. Low-phosphate B. Low-fat C. High-carbohydrate D. High-magnesium

B. Low-fat Patients with nephrotic syndrome can experience hyperlipidemia. Why? Remember that in this condition there will be low amounts of albumin in the blood. This decrease of albumin in the blood causes the liver to make more albumin, BUT while it does this it also makes more cholesterol and triglycerides...hence increasing lipid levels. Therefore, the patient should follow a low-sodium and potassium diet along with a low-fat diet as well.

A 5 year old male is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. On assessment, you note mild edema predominately in the face and tea-colored urine. The patient's blood pressure is 165/110, heart rate 95, oxygen saturation 98% on room air, and temperature 98.9 'F. In your nursing care plan, what nursing interventions will you include in this patient's plan of care? SATA A. Initiate and maintain a high sodium diet daily. B. Monitor intake and output hourly. C. Encourage patient to ambulate every 2 hours while awake. D. Assess color of urine after every void. E. Weigh patient every daily on a standing scale. F. Encourage the patient to consume 4 L of fluid per day.

B. Monitor intake and output hourly. D. Assess color of urine after every void. E. Weigh patient every daily on a standing scale. Patients with acute glomerulonephritis experience proteinuria and hematuria. In addition, they may experience mild edema (mainly in the face/eyes), hypertension, and in severe cases renal failure/oliguria.

he mother of a child, who was recently diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, asks how she can identify early signs that her child is experiencing a relapse with the condition. You would tell her to monitor the child for the following: Select-all-that-apply: A. Weight loss B. Protein in the urine using an over-the-counter kit C. Tea-colored urine D. Swelling in the legs, hands, face, or abdomen

B. Protein in the urine using an over-the-counter kit D. Swelling in the legs, hands, face, or abdomen The patient will NOT experience weight loss but weight GAIN as a sign of relapse with this condition. In addition, the urine will appear dark and foamy. Tea-colored urine indicates there is blood in the urine, which is NOT common with nephrotic syndrome.

You're providing care to a 6 year old male patient who is receiving treatment for nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment finding below requires you to notify the physician immediately? A. Frothy, dark urine B. Redden area on the patient's left leg that is swollen and warm C. Elevated lipid level on morning labs D. Urine test results that shows proteinuria

B. Redden area on the patient's left leg that is swollen and warm Patients with nephrotic syndrome are at risk for hypercoagulability (blood clot formation) due to the loss of proteins in the urine that prevent blood clot formation. Option B represents a possible deep vein thrombosis, which will appear as a redden, warm, and swollen area on the extremity.

Within the past month, the admission rate of patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis has doubled on your unit. You are proving an in-service to your colleagues about this condition. Which statement is CORRECT about this condition? A. "This condition tends to present 6 months after a strep infection of the throat or skin." B. "It is important the patient consumes a diet rich in potassium based foods due to the risk of hypokalemia." C. "Patients are less likely to experience hematuria with this condition." D. "This condition is not caused by the streptococcal bacteria attacking the glomerulus, but by the immune system's response to the bacteria by creating an antigen-antibody complex which inflames the glomerulus."

D. "This condition is not caused by the streptococcal bacteria attacking the glomerulus, but by the immune system's response to the bacteria by creating an antigen-antibody complex which inflames the glomerulus."