Nervous and Endocrine System Test

What does the cerebellum control?

Balance and coordination

One symptom of diabetes is frequent urination. Using what you learned in this lab, explain why a diabetic would have frequent urination.

Because there is an excess amount of water in the blood (water is entering the bloodstream from cells to maintain equilibrium), it needs to leave the body through urination.

Motor neurons transmit impulses from ____________. a) CNS to effector b) Sensory neuron to motor neuron c) Receptor to CNS

CNS to effector

What are ketones?

Chemicals produced when the body needs energy it isn't getting from glucose. This is because there is no insulin to bring glucose into the cells.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

The message is transmitted along the neurons in the form of ____________. a) Chemical b) Electrical impulses

Electrical impulses

Cells within this gland, which is part of the central nervous system, produce several hormones that affect the functioning of the pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus

Which of the following disorders commonly results in fatigue and weight gain in adults?

Hypothyroidism

What does insulin do to the body's cells?

Insulin helps get glucose into the cells. If there is no insulin, too much sugar is in the blood and can't get into the body's cells (high blood sugar).

What hormones may be administered to a mother following childbirth to contract uterine muscles?

Oxytocin

Sensory neurons transmit impulses from ___________. a) Receptor to CNS (spinal cord & brain) b) CNS to effector c) Sensory neuron to motor neuron

Receptor to CNS (spinal cord & brain)

Intermediate neurons transmit impulses from ____________. a) Sensory neuron to motor neuron b) Receptor to CNS (spinal cord & brain) c) CNS to effector

Sensory neuron to motor neuron

What are the major and minor symptoms for diabetes?

Some symptoms include hunger and fatigue, frequent urination, thirst, and blurred vision.

Why would a diabetic be frequently thirsty?

The water is leaving their cells to go to where all the sugar is in the bloodstream (to reach equilibrium). This makes their cells easily dehydrated, so they have to drink more water.

Why is it important for diabetics to take good care of their feet?

They have more glucose in the blood than the average person. High sugar levels can damage the nerves in the feet (nephropathy).

type 1 vs type 2 diabetes when diagnosed? treatment?

Type one is diagnosed in childhood and treated via insulin injections. Type two is developed in adulthood and can go away with diet and exercise.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

an autoimmune disease that attacks the cells of the pancreas

Interneurons move messages ___________ the _______________

around central nervous system

Which part of the neuron carries carries the information to another neuron or effector

axon

motor neurons carry information from the __________ and __________ to the _________ and _____________

brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

the nervous system consists of (check all that apply) brain muscles spinal cord nerves digestive organs sense organs

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

What does negative feedback do?

brings the body back to homeostasis

How do the chemical neurotransmitters bridge the gap across the synapse? a) by diffusion b) by osmosis c) by hope and prayer

by diffusion

How can a diabetic stay healthy to avoid complications?

by keeping a close eye on sugar intake

What are the function of neurons?

carry electrical impulses throughout the body

What does positive feedback do?

changes the body

main function of the nervous system

controlling and coordinating functions throughout the body

Which part of the neuron picks up or receives information

dendrite

what are the function of dendrites?

detect signals

sensory neurons are found in

eyes, ears, skin, ect

Which hormone stimulates the release of sugar from the liver into the blood?

glucagon

physical response to increased norepinephrine

heart beats faster, pupils dilate, body releases glucose, "tunnel vision"

What does the medulla control?

heartbeat and breathing

what does the cerebrum control?

higher thought, intelligence and emotion

Main parts of the endocrine system (select all that apply): skin glands hormones nerves cell receptors

hormones, glands, cell receptors

what hormone aids in the regulation of metabolic rate and is produced by the thyroid?

hypothalamus

sensory neurons carry ________ from the sense organs to the ________ and ____________

impulses spinal cord brain

Electrical signals are transmitted a) in one direction only b) in multiple directions c) back and forth along the axon

in one direction only

When a hormone binds to a receptor, it can change a cell's behavior by causing the cell to... a) decrease its processes only b) increase its processes only c) increase OR decrease its processes

increase OR decrease its processes

what does a normally functioning pancreas produce?

insulin

Compared to an endocrine response, a nerve response differs in that the nerve response generally

is more rapid

In a diabetic, what two things might one find in the urine?

ketones and glucose

left vs right side of brain

left: logic right: creativity

Who produces testosterone? a) females, only b) males and females, just in different amounts c) males, only

males and females, just in different amounts

Nervous regulation involves _________ and chemical regulation involves ______________.

neurotransmitters hormones

A chemical messenger emitted from one organism that activates a physiological or behavioral response in another is called what?

pheromones

Gland A releases a hormone that causes gland B to release estrogen. Gland A is most likely the

pituitary gland

The elongation of structures A and B was stimulated by a hormone produced by the

pituitary gland

what are the function of myelin sheath?

rapid transmission down the axon

What detects the stimulus? a) Effector b) Neurons c) Receptor

receptor

The ability of estrogen to affect certain cells depends directly on

receptor molecules

The MAIN function of the Endocrine System IN GENERAL is to: a) regulate the body b) cause you to go through puberty c) tell you when to eat d) make you grow

regulate the body

Hormone levels in the bloodstream _________ as a result of __________.

remain relatively stable, negative feedback

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

sensory and motor neurons

Three types of neurons

sensory, motor, interneurons

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that binds with the receptors of neuron two, allowing what ion to enter the cells?

sodium (Na)

Which of the following can affect the way cells respond to hormones, or the amount of hormones produced by glands? a) stress b) disease c) diet d) body temperature

stress, disease, diet, body temperature

This diagram show the space between two neurons. This is called a _____

synapse

What occurs when there is no pancreas/no insulin produced by the pancreas?

there is sugar in the urine

Since insulin is not produced, or does not work properly in a diabetic, where do the sugars go?

to the urine

what are the function of axons?

transport messages from one end of the nerve to another

Hyper = when there is too much or a lot of something Hypo = when there is too little or not enough of something true or false

true

The dendrites of a cell contain receptors which bind to neurotransmitters. true or false

true