Nervous System and the Spinal Cord and Spinal nerves, A&P II, Test 2

What part of the PNS controls the sympathetic division? a) Autonomic Nervous System b) Somatic Nervous System c) Enteric Nervous System d) None of the above

a) the ANS It is divided into the sympathetic (fight or flight) division and the parasympathetic (rest and digest) division

Action potentials use voltage gated ion channels, and graded potentials use chemical and mechanically gated ion channels. True or False

True

An action potential has 2 main phases, depolarization and repolarization. True or False

True

An action potential is a large, one way, all-or-none nerve impulse along an axon. True or False

True

An action potential occurs in an axon if depolarization reaches threshold at the trigger zone. True or False

True

Depolarization means the inside of the cell membrane becomes polarized more positive. True or False

True

Graded potentials are small, local, variable changes that may hyperpolarize or depolarize the cell membrane. True or False

True

Graded potentials occur in dendrites and the cell body. True or False

True

Hyperpolarization means the inside of the cell membrane becomes polarized more negative. True or False

True

In the depolarizing phase of an action potential, Na+ rushes in, and in the repolarizing phase of an action potential, K+ flows out. True or False

True

The resting membrane potential is -70 millivolts. True or False

True

What branch supplies the anterior trunk and limbs of the body? a) Anterior (Ventral) Rami b) Posterior (dorsal) Rami c) Rami Communicantes d) None of these

a) Anterior (Ventral) Rami

Which type of Neuroglial Cell helps maintain and regulate the the Blood Brain Barrier of the brain capillaries? a) Ependymal cell b) Satellite cell c) Microglial cell d) Astrocytes

a) Ependymal cells They line the central canal of the spinal cord and line the blood vessels (choroid plexus) in teh brain ventricles. They form and secret cerebral spinal fluid and are covered with cilia.

Which neuroglia cells produce myelin and are located in the central nervous system? a) oligodendrocyte cells b) schwann cells c) satellite cells d) a & b e) all of the above

a) oligodendrocyte cells -schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS

What is the average neuron resting membrane potential? a) 70mV b) -70mV c) 7mV d) -170mV

b) -70

Sensory (afferent) neurons - carry sensory information from sensory receptors in different parts of the body into the ___ a) PNS b) CNS c) both b and c d) none of the above

b) CNS afferent = towards aftterent neurons, carry info from the body towards the CNS

What is a whitish, fatty sheath around most axons? a) Axon terminals b) Myelin sheath c) Dendrite d) Cell membrane

b) Myelin sheath

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the structural classification of neurons? a) Unipolar neurons are the main type of neuron found in the eye, ear, and nose b) Types of structrual classification include unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar c) Multipolar neurons have one, and only one dendrite d) all of these

b) Types of structrual classification include unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar Multipolar neurons have several dendrites and one axon- they are most neurons in the CNS Bipolar neurons have one dendrite and one axon- they are in the eyes, ears, and nose Unipolar neurons have just one process extending from the cell body- they ususally extend from the skin to the dorsal root ganglion

Which type of gated channel opens in response to changes in membrane potential? a) Ligand b) Voltage c) Mechanically d) Chemical

b) Voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential (aka- voltage)

What type of potential occurs in the dendrites and cell body, and uses ligand and mechanical gated channels? a) action potential b) graded potential c) action and graded potential d) none of these

b) graded potential

If your patient presented with vertigo, and hearing issues, what type of gated channel would be affected? a) Voltage-gated channel b) Mechanical-gated channel c) Ligand (chemical)-gated channel d) None of the above

b) mechanically-gated channels affect hearing and balance. They open or close in response to a mechanical stimulus such as vibration or touch. They pull, stretch, push, vibrate the channel open.

Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic? a) oligodendroglia b) microglia c) satellite cells d) astrocytes

b) microglia Their function is phagocytosis: to remove debris, damaged tissue, and microbes. MICROglia get rid of MICRObes.

Which one of the following lists includes the three types of neurons based on its functional classification? a) unipolar, bipolar, multipolar b) motor, integrative, and sensory c) SNS, ENS, and ANS d) cranial, spinal, and periphreal

b) motor, integrative, and sensory sensory functions include: feel, hear, smell, etc integrative funtions are to interpret and process motor functions are a response

What type of Nerve cell is large in number, small in size, cannot conduct impulses, but can divide and multiply? a) Neuron b) Neuroglia c) Interneurons d) All the above

b) neuroglia There are 5 types of neuroglia: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, schwann cells, satellite cells

**The grayish color in the cell body is due to: a) axon b) rough endoplasmic reticulum c) myelin d) somatic nerve system

b) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which statement is true about Saltatory conduction? a) It occurs in myelinated and unmyelnated axons. b) It only occurs in myelinated axons. c) It only occurs in unmyelnated axons. d) none of these are correct.

b) saltatory conduction happens only in myelinated axons. 80% of axons in the human body have myelination, there are a higher concentration of voltage-gated channels at the myelin nodes, impulse appears to leap, it is a fast conduction

The peripheral nervous system is divided into what parts? a) Enteric nervous system, somatic nervous system, central nervous system b) Somatic nervous system, enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system c) Autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, somatic nervous system d) none of the above

b) somatic nervous system, enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system -the ANS is further divided into the sypathetic and parasympathetic systems

VOLTAGE-gated ion channels open which will allow what ion to flow into the synaptic end bulb? a) Na+ b) Mg+ c) Ca+ d) K+

c) Ca+ Voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potentials (aka- voltage)

Which of the following secretes cerebral spinal fluid form the blood plasma? a) Ogligodendrocytes b) Astrocytes c) Ependymal d) a & b e) b & c

c) ependymal cells They form and secrete cerebral spinal fluid from the blood plasma.

Which of the following is NOT a gated channel? a) Voltage b) Mechanically c) Leakage channel d) Ligand (Chemical)

c) leakage channels "randomly" open- they "leak"

If I were to peel back the endoneurium within a fasicle, what is the next thing I will see? a) Perineurium b) Axon c) Myelin d) Cell Membrane

c) myelin is under the endoneurium

Which one of the following neuroglial cells surrounds and protects the sensory neuron cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia? a) oligodendroglia b) microglia c) satellite cells d) astrocytes

c) satellite cells surround the neuron cell bodies in ganglia. They support, protect and nourish. Satellite cells "orbit" around the neuron.

Which part of the dorsal root ganglion are incoming sensory neuron axons? a) lateral b) anterior c) posterior d) satellite cells

c) the posterior

What is the correct flow of CSF through the ventricles in the brain? a) one, two, three, four ventricles b) Fourth, Third, Lateral ventricles c) Lateral, Fourth, Third ventricles d) Lateral, Third, Fourth ventricles

d) Lateral, Third, Fourth ventricles The first two ventricles are just called the lateral ventricles.

____ is the cone-shaped end of the spinal cord? a) Filum terminale b) Gracile fasciculus c) Cauda equina d) Conus Medullaris

d) conus medullaris

Which cell is not a neuroglial cell? a) Astrocyte b) Satellite cell c) Schwann cell d) Epithelium cell

d) epithelium cell is not a neuroglial cell ependymal cells are neuroglial cells

Oligodendrocyte is a part of the CNS and it produces _______ around the axons. a) Fat b) Growth hormones c) Protected proteins d) Myelin

d) myelin oligodendrocyte is the spiderman cell, it slings myelin onto the axons in the CNS

Which one of the following functions in protein synthesis within the neuron? a) ependymal cells b) neurotransmitters c) nodes of Ranvier d) Rough ER

d) rough ER. A cell is a cell! =)

What are the two main phases of a action potential? a) depolarization b) myelination c) repolarization d) integration e) a and c f) all of the above

e) depolarization and repolarization are the two main phases

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system? a) motor b) sensory c) integrative d) a and c e) all of the above

e) sensory, integrative, motor are all functions of the nervous system

What are the two major parts of the nervous system? a) central nervous system b) sensory nervous system c) peripheral nervous system d) a and b e) a and c

e) the central and peripheral nervous systems