Network+ Chapter 2
Domain
Collectively, the last two parts of a host name (for example, mycompany.com) are called the __________ name, which matches the name of the organization's domain or network.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
Computers commonly use the __________ protocol as they are booting up to request configuration files from another computer on the local network. Uses the UDP transport Protocol.
True
Computers rely on the binary number system, also called the base 2 number system, which uses only two numerals called bits: 0 and 1.
name servers
DNS , also called DNS servers, hold these databases, which are organized in a hierarchical structure.
True
DNS messages are Application layer messages that use UDP at the Transport layer. Communication with DNS servers occur on port 53.
True
Dynamic IP addresses are automatically assigned by a DHCP server each time a computer connects to the network.
True
Every host on a network is assigned a unique character-based name called the fully qualified host name or the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), for example, john.mycompany.com, ftp.mycompany.com, and www.mycompany.com.
True
Host names and domain names can include letters, hyphens, and underscores, but no other special characters.
zone ID
IPv6 addresses are followed by a % sign and a number. For example, %13 follows the first IP address. This number, which is called the __________ or scope ID, is used to identify the link the computer belongs to.
Teredo
IPv6 addresses intended to be used by this protocol always begin with 2001 and the prefix is written as 2001::/32.
True
IPv6 supports three types of IP addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast.
ISATAP
ISATAP (pronounced"eye-sa-tap") stands for Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol. This protocol works only on a single organization's intranet. By default, ISATAP is enabled in Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
If a computer configured to use DHCP first connects to the network and is unable to lease an IPv4 address from the DHCP server, it uses an __________ address in the address range 169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254.
Neighbors
In IPv6, __________are two or more nodes on the same link.
link
In IPv6, a __________, sometimes called the local link, is any local area network (LAN) bounded by routers.
Global Unicast Address
Most global addresses begin with the prefix 2000::/3, although other prefixes are being released. The /3 indicates that the first three bits are fixed and are always 001.
True
Port numbers ensure that data is transmitted to the correct application among other applications running on a computer.
top-level domain (TLD)
Recall that an FQDN is a host name and a domain name together, such as www.cengage.com. The last part of an FQDN (com in our example) is called the __________.
True
Static IP addresses are manually assigned by the network administrator.
True
Study DNS on pg 60-64
public IP addresses
The Class A, B, and C licensed IP addresses are available for use on the Internet and are therefore called __________.
True
The CompTIA Network+ exam expects you to be able to identify the class of any IP address. For the exam, memorize the second column in Table 2-4. PG 68
namespace
The DNS __________ is the entire collection of computer names and their associated IP addresses stored in databases on DNS name servers around the globe.
True
The FQDN is sometimes called the computer name and, more loosely, it is simply called the host name.
MAC
The __________ address, also called the physical address, is embedded on every NIC on the globe and is assumed to be unique to that NIC.
default gateway
The __________ is the gateway device that nodes on the network turn to first for access to the outside world.
IPv6
The __________ standards were developed to improve routing capabilities and speed of communication over the established IPv4 standards and to allow for more public IP addresses on the Internet.
octal
The ________number system or base 8 number system has eight numerals (0 through 7).
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
The first 24 bits (six hex characters, such as 00:60:8C in our example) of a MAC Address are known as the __________ or block ID or company-ID, and identifies the NIC's manufacturer.
host
The first part (for example, john, ftp, and www) is the __________ name, which identifies the individual computer on the network.
Port Address Translation (PAT)
The gateway uses __________ to assign a separate TCP port number to each ongoing conversation, or session, between a local host and an Internet host.
extension identifier
The last 24 bits of a MAC Address make up the __________ or device ID and identify the device. Manufacturers assign each NIC a unique identifier, based on the NIC's model and manufacture date, so that no two NICs share the same MAC address.
Interface ID
The last 64 bits or four blocks of an IPv6 address identify the interface and are called the __________. These 64 bits uniquely identify an interface on the local link.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
The organization responsible for tracking the assignments of port numbers, domain names, and IP addresses is the _________.
Well-Known Ports
These ports range from 0 to 1023 and are assigned by IANA to widely used and well-known protocols and programs, such as Telnet, FTP, and HTTP.
Registered Ports
These ports range from 1024 to 49151 and can be used by network users and processes that are not considered standard processes.
Dynamic Ports
These ports range from 49152 to 65535 and are open for use without restriction. A Dynamic port is a port number that can be assigned by a client or server as the need arises.
Anycast Address
This type of IPv6 address can identify multiple destinations, with packets delivered to the closest destination. For example, a DNS name server might send a DNS request to a group of DNS servers that have all been assigned the same address. A router handling the request examines routes to all the DNS servers in the group and routes the request to the closest server.
Unicast Address
This type of IPv6 address specifies a single node on a network. Two types of these addresses are global and link local addresses.
private IP addresses
To conserve its public IP addresses, a company can use __________ on its private networks, which are not allowed on the Internet.
True
Traditional MAC addresses contain two parts, are 48 bits long, and are written as hexadecimal numbers separated by colons—for example, 00:60:8C:00:54:99.
Static Network Address Translation (SNAT)
Using __________, the gateway assigns the same public IP address to a host each time it makes a request to access the Internet. This method works well when a local host is running a server that is accessed from the Internet. It's used on home networks that have only a single public IP address provided by an ISP.
Dynamic Network Address Translation (DNAT)
Using __________, the gateway has a pool of public IP addresses that it is free to assign to a local host whenever the local host makes a request to access the Internet. Used by large organizations that lease many public IP addresses.
Port 67
What is the Port Number for DHCPv4 (Dynamic Host Configuration for IPv4 -- client to server)?
Port 68
What is the Port Number for DHCPv4 (Dynamic Host Configuration for IPv4 -- server to client)?
Port 546
What is the Port Number for DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6—client to server)?
Port 547
What is the Port Number for DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6—client to server)?
Port 53
What is the Port Number for DNS (Domain Name System)?
Port 20
What is the Port Number for FTP-DATA?
Port 21
What is the Port Number for FTP?
Port 1720
What is the Port Number for H.323 (Packet-Based Multimedia Communications Systems)?
Port 80
What is the Port Number for HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)?
Port 443
What is the Port Number for HTTPS (Secure implementation of HTTP)?
Port 143
What is the Port Number for IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)?
Port 2427/2727
What is the Port Number for MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)?
Port 123
What is the Port Number for NTP (Network Time Protocol)?
Port 137-139
What is the Port Number for NetBIOS (TCP/IP legacy support for the outdated NetBIOS protocols?
Port 110
What is the Port Number for POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3)?
Port 3389
What is the Port Number for RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)?
Port 5005
What is the Port Number for RTCP (Real-Time Transport Control Protocol)?
Port 5004
What is the Port Number for RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)?
Port 5061
What is the Port Number for SIP (Encrypted SIP)?
Port 5060
What is the Port Number for SIP (Session Initiation Protocol, not encrypted)?
Port 445
What is the Port Number for SMB ( Server Message Block)?
Port 25
What is the Port Number for SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol?
Port 161
What is the Port Number for SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)?
Port 22
What is the Port Number for SSH (Secure Shell)?
Port 69
What is the Port Number for TFTP( Trivial File Transfer Protocol)?
Port 23
What is the Port Number for Telnet?
dual stacked
When a network is configured to use both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, the network is said to be __________. However, if packets on this network must traverse other networks where dual stacking is not used, the solution is to use tunneling.
127.0.0.1
Which Reserved IP address indicates your own computer and is called the loopback address?
0.0.0.0
Which Reserved IP address is currently unassigned?
255.255.255.255
Which Reserved IP address is used for broadcast messages by TCP/IP background processes; a broadcast message is read by every node on the network
Multicast Address
With this type of IPv6 address, Packets are delivered to all nodes in the targeted group.
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
__________ , also called NetBT or simply NetBIOS, is a protocol that allows old applications designed for out-of-date NetBIOS networks to work on TCP/IP networks.
IPv6
__________ addresses has 128 bits that are written as eight blocks (also called quartets) of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons, like this: 2001:0000:0B80:0000:0000:00D3:9C5A:00CC
IPv6—Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
__________ addresses have 128 bits and are written as eight blocks of hexadecimal numbers, for example 2001:0DB8:0B80:0000:0000:00D3:9C5A:00CC.
IPv4—Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
__________ addresses have 32 bits and are written as four decimal numbers called octets, for example, 92.106.50.200.
Tunneling
__________ is a method used by IPv6 to transport IPv6 packets through or over an IPv4 network.
H.323
__________ is a signaling protocol used to make a connection between hosts prior to communicating multimedia data. This protocol has largely been replaced by SIP, which is easier to use.
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
__________ is a simple protocol used to synchronize clocks on computers on a network.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
__________ is a technique designed to conserve the number of public IP addresses needed by a network.
6to4
__________ is the most common tunneling protocol. IPv6 addresses intended to be used by this protocol always begin with the same 16-bit prefix (called fixed bits), which is 2002 and the prefix is written as 2002::/16. The next 32 bits of the IPv6 address are the 32 bits of the IPv4 address of the sending host.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
__________ is used to make an initial connection between hosts for transferring multimedia data. After the connection is established, another protocol is typically used—for example, VoIP in a video conference.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
__________ is used to monitor and manage network traffic. Uses the TCP transport protocol.
SMB (Server Message Block)
__________ was first used by earlier Windows OSs for file sharing on a network. UNIX uses a version of SMB in its Samba software, which is used to share files with other operating systems, including Windows systems.
name resolution
__________, which is the process of discovering the IP address of a host when you know its fully qualified domain name.
True
A manufacturer's OUI is assigned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Private Ports
A private port number is one assigned by a network administrator that is different from the well-known port number for that service.
reservation
A static IP address assigned by DHCP is called a DHCP __________.
Site Local Unicast Address
A third type of unicast address is a site local unicast address, which is a hybrid between a global and local unicast address. It was not put to popular use and was deprecated (omitted) from the latest IPv6 standards.
True
After the connection to the network is made, you can use the ipconfig utility in a Command Prompt window to find out the current TCP/IP settings.
True
An IP address is assigned to every interface, which is a network connection made by a node or host on a network.
socket
A __________ consists of a host's IP address and the port number of an application running on the host, with a colon separating the two values. For example, the standard port number for the Telnet service is 23. If a host has an IP address of 10.43.3.87, the socket address for Telnet running on that host is 10.43.3.87:23.
subnet mask
A __________ is a 32-bit number that helps one computer find another. The 32 bits are used to indicate what portion of an IP address is the network portion and what part is the host portion.
resolver
A __________ is a DNS client that requests information from DNS name servers.
gateway
A __________ is a computer, router, or other device that a host uses to access another network.
hexadecimal
A __________number is written in the base 16 number system, which uses the 16 numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
address translation
A gateway device or router that stands between a private network and other networks substitutes the private IP addresses used by computers on the private network with its own public IP address when these computers need access to other networks or the Internet. The process is called __________.
Link Local Unicast Address
A link local unicast address, also called a link local address or local address, can be used for communicating with nodes in the same link. These addresses are similar to IPv4's autoconfigured APIPA addresses and begin with FE80::/ 10. This prefix notation means the address begins with FE80, but the first 10 bits of the reserved prefix must be followed by another 54 zeroes to make 64 bits for the network portion of the address. Link local addresses are not allowed on the Internet.
