Neurological System Pharmacology

The client is taking oral contraceptives for birth control. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include

Additional birth control methods may be needed

A nurse is teaching a client who received a prescription for interferon beta-1a for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include

Administer the drug in your thigh or upper arm - interferon beta-1a is administered via the sbcutaneous route. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client how to preform subcutaneous infections for self-adminstration

You are instructing a client who has multiple sclerosis about how dantrolene will help control spasticity. With which mechanism is this drug effective in treating this manifestation?

Alters intracellular calcium exchange at the muscles

Fentanyl

Anesthesia or cancer pain management

Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for baclofen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include

Avoid driving until the drug's effects are evident - baclofen, a centrally-acting muscle relaxant, causes CNS depression. Clients taking the drug should avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants, and should not drive a vehice until they know how the drug will affect them

A nurse is teaching a client who has Alzheimer's disease and their caregiver about memantine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Avoid taking over-the counter antacids - antacids that contain sodium bicarbonate increase urine alkalinity and can decrease drug excretion ultimately leaning to toxicity

A nurse is teaching the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease about donepezil. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for carbamzepine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include to help the client avoid adverse effects of this drug?

Begin taking the drug at a low dosage - visual disturbances, vertigo, and ataxia can result from taking carbamazepine, a drug that treats seizure disorders, dosages should be low to minimize or prevent these adverse effects.

A nurse is teaching a client who is about to begin sumatriptan therapy to treat migraine headaches. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?

Chest pain - sumatriptan, a serotonin agonist, can cause coronary vasospasm and chest pain. Clients should report any pressure, pain, tightness in the jaw, chest or back. Sumatriptan is not an appropriate choice for clients who have a history of coronary artery disease

A nurse is preparing to administer memantine to a client who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following findings in the client's medical history indicates a need to withhold the drug and notify the provider?

Cirrhosis

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for pramipexole to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should recognize that which of the following laboratory tests requires monitoring?

Creatinine clearance - Pramipexole a direct acting dopamine receptor agonist, should be used with caution for clients who have renal disease. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the clients renal function

A nurse is treaching a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid to treat a seizure disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects.

Drowsiness, Headache, rash

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking interferon beta-1b. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates a potential serious adverse effect if this drug?

Fatigue - the nurse should identify that potential serious adverse effects of interferon-beta-1b include unexplained brusing, bleeding, and fatigue. Clients should report these adverse effects to their provider immediately because they can indicate bone morrow suppression and decreased platelet count

You are caring for a client who is preoperative and is NPO. The client takes carbamazepine, 200mg PO BID for a serizure disorder. Which action should the nurse take?

Give the oral dose of carbamazepine with a sip of water

While obtaining a clients medical history, you find that the client is taking levodopa/carbiodopa for parkinson's disease. Which information in the clients health history alerts you to take further action

Glaucoma

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Helps minimize symptoms of Alzheimer's disease

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease about how levodopa/carbidopa can help control symptoms. The nurse should identify that the drug has which of the following pharmacologic effects?

Increase available dopamine in the brain - levodopa/carbidopa, a dopaminergic agent, can increase dopamine in the extraphyramidal center of the brain, reducing involuntary motion, or tremors associated with Parkinson's disease

The health care professional is about to administer a loading dose of phenytoin IV. Which of the following is essential for the health care professional to do before administering phenytoin IV?

Infuse phenytoin slowly

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid to treat a seizure disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects.

Jaundice - valproic acid can cause hepatic toxicity, characterized by jaundice, abdominal pain, and nausea. Clients taking the drug should report these manifestations, and the nurse should monitor liver function studies prior to treatment and periodically during therapy

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dantrolene to treat skeletal muscle spasms. The nurse should identify that which of the following laboratory tests requires monitoring>

Liver function - Liver toxicity is a serious adverse effect of dantroene. The nurse should monitor the clients liver function prior to treatment and at regular intervals and advise the client to report jaundice or abdominal pain

Dantrolene

Malignant hyperthemia

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking selegiline to treat Parkinson's disease. The provider is considering the use of analgesics for the client but should be aware that a drug interaction between selegiline and meperidine can result in which of the following?

Muscle rigidity - a drug interaction between selegiline and opioids, especially meperidine, can result in rigidity, stupor, agitation, hypertension, and fever

Baclofen

Muscle spasms

A nurse is administering fentanyl to a client to reduce pain. Which of the following drugs should the nurse have available to reverse the effects of fentanyl?

Naloxone - Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids. Fentanyl, an opioid agonist, can cause sever respiratory depression. The nurse should should also have resuscitation equipment available when administering fentanyl to a client

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking donepezil to treat Alzheimer's disease. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor

Nausea - the most common adverse effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Taking donepezil with food can help minimize adverse effects.

The health care professional is now assessing the client. Which of the following findings can be an early indication of phenytoin toxicity

Nystagmus

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a newly diagnosed seizure disorder and a new prescription for valproic acid and phenytoin. The nurse should identify that which of the following can occur a result of an interaction between these drugs?

Phenytoin toxicity - Valproic acid can cause an increase in phenytoin blood levels, resulting in phenytoin toxicity. The nurse should monitor serum phenytoin levels and notify the provider if levels begin to exceed the therapeutic range

A nurse is teaching a client about interferon beta-1a. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to help the client avoid the adverse effects of this drug?

Premedicate with acetaminophen - interferon beta drugs can cause fever, chills, headaches, and muscle aches. Acetaminophen can help minimize these symptoms

A nurse is preparing to administer sumatriptan to a client for the first time. The nurse should instruct the client that sumatriptan is indicated for which of the following conditions?

Presence of a migraine headache -sumatriptan is used in the treatment of migranie headaches

A client receives spinal anestesis with lidocaine and epinephrine. You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?

Prolongs the anesthetic effects

Immunomodulator

Reduces symptoms of multiple sclerosis

Dopamine receptor agonist

Reduces the effects of Parkinson's disease

Which of the following assessments of this client is most important immediately following the administration of intravenous diazepam

Respiratory rate

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for amphetamine sulfate. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Tachycardia - amphetamine sulfate is an amphetamine stimulant. It can cause tachycardia and dysrhythmias. The client should notify the nurse if they develop palpitations of chest pain.

A primary care providers prescribes sumatriptan to treat a client's migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include when telling the client how to take sumatriptan

Take the drug after onset if the migraine, Repeat the dose once if the headache returns.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for modafinil to treat narcolepsy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Take the drug in the morning - Modadinil is nonamphetamine stimulant. Taking it in the morning helps improve wakefulness for clients who have narcolepsy. Clients taking the drug for shift-work sleepiness should take it 1hr before work

At a visit to the provider's office an older adult client's partner reports that the client has nausea, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. He has a history of Alzheimer's disease and is taking donepezil. Which information should be provided by the nurse?

Take the drug with food

Which laboratory tests should your monitor for a client who is taking interferon beta-1b to treat multiple scherosis

Thyroid hormones, liver function, CBS

The health care professional is talking with the client, who is soon to be discharged to home, about the adverse effects of phenytoin. Which of the following instructions may help minimize the adverse effects of phenytoin?

Use good oral hygiene

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for 2 weeks. The nurse should report which of the following findings to the provider?

Weight loss of 2.3kg -Amphetamine/ dextrophetamine sulfate can cause a decreased appetite and weight loss. The nurse should instruct the client to weight themself twice weekly and report unintended weight loss.

You are instructing a school- age child and his parent about the use of amphetamine-dextroamphetamine to mange the child's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse instruct the parent to report?

Weight loss, insomnia, Hallucinations

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking levodopa/carbidopa to treat Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension

Hydantoin

controls seizures

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dantrolene to treat skeletal muscle spasms. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse effects?

diarrhea - prolonged diarhea can case dehydration and other serious effects. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are adverse effects of dantrolene. The client should report these effects so the nurse can monitor fluid balance fluid balance and intervene accordingly.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving methohexital sodium. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects

respiratory depression