Neurons, Nervous System, & Endocrine System
Joel's pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?
sympathetic
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
An all-or-none response
Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?
Sympathetic
What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?
Testosterone
Endocrine System
The diagram above depicts the human body's...
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
acetylcholine
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?
It was initiated in the spinal cord.
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of the neurons in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food
Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?
digestion
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
dopamine
The function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?
synapses
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state? A)The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside. B)The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside. C)The concentration of sodium ions is equal inside and outside of the cell membrane. D)Both the sodium and the potassium channels are open. E)The neuron is not polarized.
A)The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.
Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?
Automatic..sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?
Endocrine system
It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?
Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.
Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?
The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.
Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?
The sympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?
The terminal buttons
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
a decrease in heart rate
The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called
a dendrite
A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by
a spinal reflex
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by
afferent neurons
Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in
an increase in respiratory rate
A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in
autonomic arousal
Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?
endocrine
Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
endorphins
The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to
establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
The pituitary gland is controlled by the
hypothalamus
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon
Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise
increases her level of endorphins
Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. This is due to activation of the
sympathetic nervous system
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory phase
The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called
the action potential
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is
the myelin sheath
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as
the refractory period