New World History Set

Prince Henry the Navagator

In 1419 he sailed from Portugal and explored Coast of Africa and then he established school for map-makers and navigators

Treaty of Tordesillas

In 1494, the Treaty of ___ was signed between Portugal and Spain that divided Spanish and Portuguese exploration. Spanish explored the western hemisphere while Portuguese explored the east.

Squanto

Indian who spoke English; showed good fishing areas/what was good to plant; Acted as interpreter

What is the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

It is the first example of a constitution in the colonies and it expanded the right to vote to all freemen.

Arbella

It was the first Puritan ship. It set out to the new world with settlers.

What was the name of the first English settlement in America?

Jamestown

Puritans: What colony did they settle? Who helped start it? How did they treat others? Other interesting facts?

John Endecott helped start Massachusetts Bay for the Puritans. They hated the Quakers and founded Harvard

Anglicans: What colony did they settle? Who helped start it? How did they treat others? Other interesting facts?

John Smith was the leader of the settlement of Virginia. Within 3 years of getting to Virginia the Anglicans were already at war with the locals.

Aztecs

(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.

When did Columbus sail to America?

1492

Francisco Pizarro

1532, conquered the Incan Empire in the Peruvian Mountains.

John Winthrop

1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

Puritans

English Protestants who believed in strict religious discipline and the simplification of worship; settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Group had become frustrated with the Church of England (Anglican Church) because it had not "de-catholicized" and rid itself of the Roman Catholic Church rituals and creeds. They still wanted to remain Anglican—just take Protestant Reformation even further.

Pilgrim

English Separatist who sought religious freedom - first traveled to Holland, then to America. This group wanted to separate from the Church of England (Anglican Church) James I was head of both the state and the church in England from 1603 to 1625. He perceived that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might defy him as their political leader. He therefore threatened to harass the Separatists out of the land.

Richard Hakluyt

English promoter of exploration. In 1584 he wrote A Discourse of Western Planting in which he pleaded for colonies to accomplish diverse objects: to extend the reformed religion, to expand trade, to supply England's needs from her own dominions, and various other reasons for exploration.

Puritains

English protestants who sought to "purify" the Church of England of any vestiges of Catholicism; Calivinists

Pueblo culture

1st American corn growers. They lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and villages of cubicle shaped adobe houses, stacked one on top the other and often beneath cliffs. They also had elaborate irrigation systems to draw water away from the rivers to grow corn.

whole Booke of Psalms

1st book to be printed in English colonies; part of Bible

Mayans

A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E..

Incas

A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.

Squanto

A Native American who befriended the Pilgrims and helped the colonists survive.

Vasco de Gama

A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean

Roanoke

Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.

Direct Democracy

Everyone has a vote on everything and every law. Majority rules. At town meetings. none makes decisions for them.

Samuel Champlain

Explored Great Lakes/ Quebec/Vermont for France

Squanto

Famous Native American who was instrumental in negotiating a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag

James Oglethorpe

Founded Georgia colony Received the land from King George II

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island

Pilgrams

Founders of Plymouth Mass, Separatists loyal Englishmen who wanted to separate from the Church of England

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

John Calvin

French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion

What three reasons did Spain give for exploration?

GOLD, Glory, and god

Half-Way Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, it allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Francisco Coronado

A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.

Conquistador

A Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain.

joint-stock company

A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.

Scurvy

A dangerous disease that the Puritans got from not getting enough vitamin C&D.

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

What is the English Bill of Rights?

A document signed by the King and Queen in 1689 that guaranteed certain basic rights to all English citizens.

Alexis de Tocqueville

A french man who came to America in 18 hundreds. Wrote a book called "Democracy in America."

Theocracy

A government by church officials, and run religiously. Everything in the name of god. A church democracy.

Aristocracy

A government run by a few people. England was one in the 17th century. You had to be born a leader.

Massachusetts bay Colony

A government that gave rules for the colonist and the people. A kind of democracy. Leader was John Windthrip. Massachusetts actually means "A Big Hill" in Algonquin.

Massachusetts Bay Company

A group of Puritans who left England to start a colony based on the Bible near present day Boston.

Describe what a militia is

A group of citizen-soldiers trained to fight in emergencies.

Stockade

A high fence that people put around a village to keep things or people that they don't like outside.

William Bradford

A leader and historian of Plymouth Colony.

Samuel de Champlain

A leading figure, intrepid soldier and explorer whose energy and leadership earned him the title "Father of New France". He sailed up St Lawrence River, and founded the city of Quebec in 1608.

Mayflower Compact

A letter they had to sign about political things and leaders. Both saints and strangers had to sign it and agree to work together. 1st agreed upon set of rules in the New World.

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; her brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

Wampanoag

A native tribe that traded with the Pilgrims when they came to their land. A lot of them became friends with one another. They most importantly taught them how to survive.

Aztecs

A people who lived in the central plateau of Mexico before the European arrival. Built the Tenochtilan.

William Bradford

A pilgrim that lived in the northern colony called Plymouth. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation."

Scrooby England

A place in England were the Pilgrims lived and worshipped. But they were getting kicked out. Went from there to Holland.

Reverend John Cotton

A preist of the Puritans that believed only him or other ministers could talk to god. didn't like the quakers or democracy, and people believed him. He thought freedom in religion was dangerous and everyone should be like his people.

Anne Hutchinson

A religious dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1637. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's Puritan religion and male dominated political system. She was expelled from Massachusetts because of her "dangerous" views.

Puritan

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.

Puritan

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Separatists/Pilgrims

Believed the Church of England was beyond reform and formed the Plymouth Colony. Also created the Mayflower Compact.

School of Good Manners book

Book kids read, mostly at Harvard, to learn important rules and manners. Some seems silly to us now

Which 2 settlements were created by the Puritans in the early 1630s?

Boston & Salem

warming box

Box filled w/ hot coals that people brought to church and put in their pews so their feet wouldn't freeze

Hohokam culture

Built elaborate canal systems for irrigation that enabled them to harvest 2 crops a year, permanent settlements, Agriculture, played ball games and made pottery with turquoise; Farming, grew to powerful confederation of 15,000 people built around pit houses called "Kivas", partly underground, circular structures where the men conducted religious ceremonies, had elaborates system of controlling rainwater runoff through small dams, terraces and other devices permitting agriculture

What is the Magna Carta?

Document signed in 1215 that established the principle of limited government by limiting the power of the king and guaranteeing certain rights for the nobles.

Minuit

Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24 (1580-1638)

What happened to trigger a change in the powers of Europe?

England defeating the Spanish Armada

priesthood of all believers

Luther's revolutionary idea that every believer had the ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. This challenged the Church's position that priests had an exclusive ability to do so. Also stated that people no longer needed to go to church.

Harvard College

Made in 1636. Started a rocky star, then got henry Dunster who was amazing. The parents and kids had to pay to go there. Puritans weren't aloud to go to school in England. Kids came from England, Bermuda, and Virginia.

Augusta

Maine

Annapolis

Maryland

Boston

Massachusetts

13 original colonies

Pennsylvania, Georgia, Connecticut, South Carolina, North Carolina, Rhode Island, New York, Virginia, New Hampshire, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Massachusetts

Dissenters

People who disagree with official religious or political opinions.

Seperatist

People who seperated from the Church of England

How did Wall Street work back then?

People would give money to the colonies and then if the colonies prospered they would get some money. If the colonies didn't prosper, though, the stockholders would have to pay more.

Rene Descartes

Philosopher that believed that humans are self-governed rather than that fate is in the hands of an absolute being (God)

What were the Separatists called?

Pilgrims

What settlement did the Pilgrims establish?

Plymouth

Which settlement is further south Plymouth or Salem?

Plymouth

Place where Pilgrims landed

Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts

What is the name of the young Indian girl that is credited with helping the colonist make it through the first winter?

Pocahontas

Bartholomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

What group was better prepared for the winter?

Powhaten Indians

Define Separatist

Protestants who wanted to leave the Anglican Church and set up their own churches.

The London Company/ The Virginia Company

Provided funding for Jamestown

John Eliot

Published a Bible in the Native American language Committed missionary

Pope's Rebellion

Pueblo Indians attempted to end the missionary efforts to suppress their native religion

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who left Massachusetts Bay Colony, along with his followers and founded a new area, Providence, on land purchased from Native Americans. He had disagreements with official Puritan teachings, and went on to found the first Baptist church in America.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan teacher who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 when teachings disagreed with the Massachusetts Bay General Court. She taught that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible; and that God's grace alone was the key to salvation. First moved to Rhode Island and later to New Netherland, where killed in a Native American attack. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639

Who believed in the power of Satan and witchcraft?

Puritans

"New England Way"

Puritans stressed both their beliefs and their society, which emphasized duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty.

What is the difference between Puritans and Separatists?

Puritans want to purify, Separatists want to separate

congregation

Puritans who migrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony generally came as a group of people who belong to the same church and wanted to work together for the good of the whole. The basic units of the Massachusetts Bay Colony consisted of each one of these Puritan groups whom set up their own town.

Quaker

Quakers believed in trying to determine what is right based on asking their own hearts Society of Friends

Who said this and when; "I may not be a lion, but I am a lion's cub, so I have a lion's heart."

Queen Elizabeth 1, when faced with an invasion of her Kingdom

William Penn

Received a large territory of land in America as a settlement of debt from King Charles II Became state of Pennsylvania

Name the main reason the Pilgrims left England?

Religious Freedom

Public Education Law of 1647

Required kids had to learn to read by parents or teacher b/c they wanted them to read the Bible. Kids read Bible in English, Latin, Greek, & Hebrew.

Providence

Rhode Island

Where did you go when you didn't agree with your colony? What was so special about this colony?

Rhode Island. They had a separation of the Church and State

Which colony disappeared? What was the only proof left behind?

Roanoke Colony, the word Croatian carved into a fence

What type of soil can be found in New England?

Rocky soil

Puritans

Sailed to America to worship God freely-society based on the Word of God-not democracy Did not want to separate themselves from the Church of England but wanted to reform it

"Father of New France"

Samuel de Champlain

What is the idea that governments should be divided into several parts or branches?

Separation of Powers

Anne Hutchinson

She disagreed with Puritan leaders and left Massachusetts for Rhode Island in 1636.

Anne Hutchinson

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

What happened to Anne Hutchinson?

She was banished from Massachusetts for questioning the religious authority of the colony's ministers. She and her followers moved to Rhode Island.

What economic activities did many New England colonists participate in?

Ship building, fishing, lumber, and crafts

What were New England's three major industries?

Shipping, fishing, and lumber

Captain John Smith

Soldier with great leadership, he was appointed to the resident council to manage Jamestown. He imposed strict discipline and forced labor ("he that will not work shall not eat"), bargained with Indians, and explored and mapped the Chesapeake region.

Pilgrim

Someone who goes on a journey for religious reasons

Seperatist

Someone who wanted to separate from the Church of England completely and set up their own church. Came to America for religious freedom and cod. (God & Cod) Settled in Massachusetts Bay.

Jamestown

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. It grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.

How were militia leaders selected in early New England?

The were democratically chosen by their men

What is the name of the company that Puritans created to establish their first settlements in New England?

The Massachusetts Bay Company

Wampanoag

The Native American tribe in power who were initially peaceful with the Pilgrims

Separatists: What colony did they settle? Who helped start it? How did they treat others? Other interesting facts?

The Pilgrims found Plymouth. The Indians took them in, but within a generation, the Separatists turn on them.

Who founded Plymouth and why were they different from Jamestown?

The Pilgrims were a religious group seeking freedom rather than a charter sent by the Crown

Who was responsible for building the houses of the Powhaten Indians?

The Powhaten Women

Who advised the king/queen and worked with Parliament?

The Prime Minister

Quakers: What colony did they settle? Who helped start it? How did they treat others? Other interesting facts?

The Quakers settled the colonies of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. William Penn was the leader of Pennsylvania, and the colony never broke their treaty with the local tribe. At a time when most Quakers didn't believe in the theory of evolution, Joseph Moore taught it at a Quaker college. He was probably one of the first teachers on the Midwest to teach it.

What was the first elected lawmaking body in the colonies?

The Virginia House of Burgesses

How did the Pilgrims survive their first year in Plymouth?

The Wampanoags showed them how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins and where to hunt and fish.

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that people are the true source of governments' power.

Massasoit

The chief of the Wampanoag Tribe, who signed a treaty with the Pilgrims in 1621.

Age of Exploration

The desire for an all-water route to the Far East led to the ___ and the Ultimate discovery of the New World

Charter of the Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England

The document written by British lawyers, signed by the King. It infourced laws. Allowed colonist to govern themselves. Every colony needs one to be a colony, otherwise it's just a settlement.

Mayflower compact

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Leif Ericsson

The first contact the Europeans had with the New World occurred with the voyages of the Norse, most notably ___, to the Newfoundland around the 1000s.

Mayflower Compact

The first governing document of Plymouth Colony, which provided law and order, pledged loyalty to England, and helped to establish representative government in New England.

cask

a barrel-shaped container, especially one for holding liquids

charter colony

a colony run by a religious or political group

Royal colony

a colony run by the crown

proprietary colony

a colony run by the proprietor and his family

sawmill

a factory where they cut wood in special sizes

caravel

a fast-moving sailing ship that allowed the Portuguese to explore down the African coast

representative government

a form of democracy where people choose representatives to make decisions for them

town meeting

a gathering where people held elections and voted on laws for their towns

assembly

a group gathered together for a purpose the fitting together of various parts

fleet

a group of ships

Bering land-bridge

a land bridge between Russia and Alaska that formed during the Ice Age. This allowed a group of natives to cross over and populate the Americas.

banquet

a large meal for many people; a feast

Pueblo

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called pueblos by the Spanish because they live in villages built of adobe and rock

dissenter

a person who does not agree with the beliefs of his/her leaders

merchant

a person who owns a store

pilgrim

a person who travels to a new place for religious freedom

task

a piece of work that needs to be done

Iroquois Confederation

a political organization of tribes loosely bound together

dowry

a present of money, goods, or sometimes land given by a bride's father to her husband

Primogeniture

a system of inheritance where all of the property is handed down to the first-born son

Plymouth

a town in southeastern Massachusetts funded by the pilgrims in 1620

self-government

a type of government where people make laws for themselves

apprenticeship

a type of learning on the job. Students would leave their families and study under a craftsman so they could have their own business.

compact

a written agreement

bill of rights

a written list of freedoms a government promises to protect

English Bill of Rights

a written lost of freedoms the king and queen of England agreed to in the late 1600's

John Winthrop

able and strong leader of a large group of Puritans who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In England, he had been a successful attorney and manor lord, but had a "calling" from God to lead the new religious experiment. He served as governor or deputy governor for 19 years (1630-1649).

encomienda

allowed the colonists to exploit the native population for labor, provided there was an attempt to convert the native population to Christianity.

John Winthrope

founded MA bay colony; "we shall be as a city upon a hill"; becomes the biggest puritan colony

Mayflower Compact

framework for self-government of the Plymouth Colony signed on the ship the Mayflower in 1620. It called for laws for the good of the colony It established the Christian heritage of the colony and showed the colonists acted as one unit

In primogeniture, what could girls do?

get married, enter the clergy as a nun, or work as a servant

Separatists

groups who wished to separate from the Anglican Church to begin their own churches. They believed that only "visible saints" (that is, persons who felt the stirrings of grace in their souls and could demonstrate its presence to their fellow believers) should be admitted to church membership. But the Church of England enrolled all the king's subjects. Thus, they wished to totally separate from the Anglican Church

How did William Bradford help Plymouth?

he gave Plymouth individual ownership of land. This gave the incentive of working back to the people and also led to financial independence of the colony

commercial

industry

Why is the House of burgesses so important in U.S. history?

it was the first democratically elected legislature in America

What were three options for a man that was not the first born?

knighthood/military, priesthood, or to acquire a trade

Siox

largest but weakest (militarily) of the Native American groups. Remained longest because of their location out west and very little early contact with Europeans

William Bradford

leader of the pilgrims who came to north America on the mayflower and founded Plymouth colony in 1620

border

limit

Henry Dunster

man who became Harvard president; was so good people came from Bermuda, England, & Virginia

Hopewell culture

named from its most important site (in present-day Ohio), this is the most elaborate and widespread of the North American mound-building cultures; flourished from 200 BCE to 400 CE

3 possible reasons for British colonization of the Americas

new markets for goods, some people wanted religious freedom, former tenant farmers needed new lands

frivolous

not serious or important; silly

craftsman

people with special skills like shoemakers or silversmiths

the common good

people working together for the benefit of everybody

Why would some Europeans want to escape Europe?

persecution of religion, they wanted to escape their past, have religious freedom, get cheap land, etc

How did the Europeans justify all of the bad things they did in America?

playing "God"

desperate

reckless because of felling of despair so serious as to be almost hopeless

edible

safe or fit to be eaten an item of food; anything that can be eaten

autonomous

self-governed

How did Elizabeth 1 help British colonization?

she authorized the Sea Dogges (basically legalized piracy) which ultimately led to the defeat of the Spanish Aramada

Why did Elizabeth 1 never marry?

she couldn't really find the right suitor, and she authorized the Sea Dogges

What animal caused a need for more land?

sheep. On lands where there used to be tenant farmers, the farmers got kicked out so the landowner could use the land for feeding the sheep

frivolity

silly or lighthearted play

Thanksgiving

sometime in the fall of 1621, the Plymouth settlement celebrated the success of a good harvest by holding a three-day feast. The celebration thanked and honored God for His blessings, and also came to represent the peace that existed at that time between the Native Americans and Pilgrims. The colony had found sound economic legs in fur, fish, and lumber.

Prince Henry the Navigator

son of the Portuguese rulers; opened a school for navigation and geography in 1416

Maine

successful fishing and fur trading began here around 1607. An attempt to colonize this area in 1623 by Sir Ferdinando Gorges failed, primarily because most of the colonists were prisoners and wouldn't work together. This land of lakes and forests was absorbed by Massachusetts Bay after a formal purchase in 1677 from the Gorges heirs. It remained a part of Massachusetts until 1820 before becoming a separate state.

tutoring

teaching

What did Europeans want to find in America?

the Northwest Passage and gold

What were the French looking for in America?

the Northwest Passage to China

persecution

the abuse or unjust treatment of a person or group because of their beliefs or appearance

Mayflower Compact

the agreement the Pilgrims signed that created a government for their colony

What were some new technologies that helped with exploration?

the astrolabe, the magnetic compass, the caravel. The Gutenberg Press helped to spread the word.

Squanto

the colonists at Plymouth were aided by this local Native American who had been captured by English traders, taken to England where he learned English, and then returned eventually back to America in 1617 where he discovered his tribe had all died. He acted as an interpreter between the colonists and other Indians. He negotiated a peace treaty and showed the colonists how to plant, hunt, and fish.

hostility

the expression of unfriendly feelings

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America. 1607, mouth of Chesapeake

harvest

the gathering of ripe crops for the seasons the quantity of crops gathering to gathering the crops

Puritans

the group of English settlers who founded the Massachusetts Bay colony

pilgrims

the group of English settlers who founded the Plymouth colony

mercantilism

the idea that colonies are cerated for the profit of whoever creates them

cargo

the load carried by plane or ship

Parliament

the main law making body of England during Colonial times

Great Migration

the movement of frustrated Anglicans from England to establish settlements around the world, including around 20,000 who sailed for America and around 48,000 who sailed for the West Indies. This occurred during the 1630s as Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and increased anti-Puritan persecutions

St. Augustine

the oldest permanent European settlement in the land that is today the United States

John Carver

the original govenor of the Pilgrims. But died of disease and William Bradford took over.

freedom of religion

the right to have any religious beliefs you want or no religious beliefs at all

Middle Passage

the route used to take enslaved Africans across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas

How did the English feel about piracy?

they allowed privateering, which is basically legalized piracy (through the Sea Dogges)

How did all of the new wealth negatively affect Spain?

they didn't manage it well

Why did England take longer to enter the Colonial Age?

they had a Civil War going on, and the Spanish Armada was sort of "blocking" their ships from being able to get to the New World

How did the French treat the native people differently with the Spanish?

they treated them better and like equals, even intermarrying

Core democratic values

things people believe in that bring people together as Americans

Visible Saints

those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives.

Why was Georgia founded?

to a) be a place for debtors and b) be a roadblock between Spanish Florida and the British Carolinas

decrease

to become smaller or less the amount by which something becomes smaller

assemble

to bring together into a group;to gather to put or fit together

hew

to chop down or cut with blows from a axe to cut or shape with blows of an axe or similar tool

dissent

to disagree or take an opposing view, espescially against a government or church

banish

to force someone to leave

celebrate

to honor something in a special way

pledge

to make a serious promise a serious promise

prosper

to succeed, especially in terms of money

Triangular Trade

trade patterns connecting the colonies, Europe, Africa, and the West Indies

Muskogean

tribes of Southernmost region: Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles

hostile

unfriendly; of or like a enemy

pious

very religious, strict in beliefs, devout

Pequot War

war between Puritans and a tribe of Indians in southern New England between 1634 and 1638 over trade rights and territorial expansion

town meetings

when all the people in a town meet together to make decisions and solve problems

self-rule

when people create, follow, and enforce the rules they make for themselves

What made Britain different to Spain in colonization?

when they couldn't find gold, they made cash crops (such as tobacco), they allowed the "good" and the "bad" of their society to leave, and allowed the private development of colonies

Richard Haklyut

wrote Discourse on Western Planting; stressed the military advantages of building "two or three strong fortes" along the Atlantic coast of North America, Advocate for English colonization due to a possibility for a spread of religion as well as making Spanish King Phillip uncomfortable because his treasure ships went through there

Harrisburg

Pennsylvania

Separatist Puritans (Pilgrims)

(1606) Exiled to Leyden (Amsterdam) from England (1620); 35 of them traveled on Mayflower to Cape Cod Bay to of London Company; Formed Mayflower compact

Pequot War

(1634-7) Settlers of Mystic village spreading into Pequot land; Settlers align with Mohicans, Narragansett, Christianized Pequots and burn Pequot village, killing women and children (Mystic Massacre); Completely wipes out the Pequot tribe

John Cabot

(1947) Italian explorer who established English claims to the New World, searched for the Northwest Passage

Jaques Cartier

(French) explored as far as Montreal along the St. Laurence river (New France); Claims inner Canada for France; Big fur trade & good Indian relationship

Thomas Hooker

(July 5, 1586 - July 7, 1647) was a prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage.

How did New England colonists participate in slavery?

- using Africans as slave labor - providing the ships used in the slave trade - feeding the slave labor forces in the West Indies

Algonquin

-a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Algonquian language and originally living in the subarctic regions of eastern Canad

What factors do historians feel may have been behind the witch hunts?

-the Puritan lifestyle -a strong belief in the Devil and witchcraft -the economic and social divisions within Salem -the Puritans' expectations of children

What modern Constitutional protections were violated during the Salem witch trials?

-the right to an attorney -the right to a trial by jury -the presumption of innocence until proven guilty -the right to confront accusers

whipping rod

. . . we don't want to talk about that . . .

Write a paragraph describing one thing the Powhaten Indians have in common with the colonist.

...

When did the Pilgrims arrive in Cape Cod?

1620

In what year did the Puritans begin to settle in Massachusetts Bay?

1630

Salem Witch Trials

1692 trials in which many were falsely-accused of witchcraft. The clergy in Salem viewed the witch hunts and trials as a sign from God for the village to return to a strict Puritan lifestyle, which had begun to wane with younger generations. This event which shows need for policy of "innocent until proven guilty," and how mass hysteria can cause people to react without thinking clearly.

Slavery

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people; one ethnic group enslaving another based on a belief of superiority.

Iroquois/ 5 Nations

A term which designates a confederacy of 5 tribes originally inhabiting the northern part of New York state, consisting of the SENECA, CAYUGA, ONEIDA, ONONDAGA and MOHAWK.

King Philip's War

A war between the Wampanoag and colonists of New England in 1675. The Wampanoag lost and Native American power in New England was destroyed.

Dunking Stool

A women who was mean or scolded was put on a strapped into a chair, and lowered into a pond or lake.

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony." CROATOAN

Christopher Columbus

An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.

Mayas

An advanced civilization originating on present day southern Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and Central America. Used written language, higher mathematics, and a calendar more accurate than the European one.

Old Deluder (Satan) Act

An early colonial education law (1647) that required colonial towns of at least fifty households to provide education for youth so they could read the Bible and thwart the trickery of Satan

Mercantilism

An economic system in which a colony exist for the good of the mother country and served to provide raw material and market.

John Locke

Argued that knowledge is developed from experience Man is not inherently bad, but bad experiences make bad people

Anasazi culture

Called "the ancient ones" in the Navajo language, the culture developed in the four corners The group never gave up their traditional patterns of hunting and gathering, eating small mammals, rodents, reptiles, birds, and insects. They perfected techniques of "dry farming." They lived in backed-mud adobe structures that were built four or five stories high often located in canyons underneath protective cliffs. Lacked a rigid class structure.

Boston

Capital and largest city of Massachusetts

Massasoit

Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who helped the Pilgrims survive. They had peace for 40 years until his death.

Samoset

Chief of the Wampanoag Tribe

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Massachusetts bay colony

Colony founded by the puritans in new England

John Winthrop

Colony governor (29 yrs old); Spoke for solid & sensible Puritan core; Gave sermon "A Modelle of Christian Charity"

Black Legend

Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit

Hartford

Connecticut

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered the Incas of Peru in 1532

Name one thing that the Powhaten Indians ate that the Pilgrims did not eat until they arrived in America?

Corn/Maze

Mayflower Compact

Covenant, not Constitution Placed Biblical Law above British Common Law Legal Covenant promoting loyalty to Theism

Dover

Delaware

William Bradford

Demanded all males on Mayflower sign the Mayflower Compact

Anne Hutchinson

Did not like Puritan policies on "new saints"; did not think they should be monitored; Eventually she and family forced to leave Massachusetts

What were four things that Spain caused in the new world?

Disease, Christianity, horses/new technology, government

Martin Luther

German theologian and leader of the Reformation. His opposition to the wealth and corruption of the papacy and his belief that salvation would be granted on the basis of faith alone rather than by works caused his excommunication from the Catholic Church (1521). Luther confirmed the Augsburg Confession in 1530, effectively establishing the Lutheran Church.

Mayflower Voyage

Got leaks. Got blown back to were they came from. People got seasick and scurvy. One person died. Each person only had 7 feet by 2 1/2 feet of space. Went through a big scary storm. Went through dangerous spot were a lot of people died, but survived by getting blown off course.

What is subsistence farming?

Growing only enough food to feed your family.

Georgia

Haven for English criminals

Why was William Penn considered a radical?

He also allowed most faiths (including Jews) their religious freedom and treated the Native Americans as fellow men.

Roger Williams

He disagreed with the Puritan leaders and was forced to leave Massachusetts. He founded Rhode Island in 1636.

William Bradford

He left his baby behind to go to the new world. He had a good relationship with the native americans. Lost inheritance and had to work for it. Second govenor of the Pilgrims.

James Oglethorpe

He wanted to establish a colony for English debtors. He founded Georgia in 1732.

William Penn

He wanted to find a place where Quakers would be safe from religious persecution. He founded Pennsylvania in 1682.

George Calvert

He wanted to start a colony where Catholics could live safely. He founded Maryland in 1632.

John Smith

He was almost beaten to death by the Native Americans but was rescued by Pocahontas, the chief's daughter. He founded Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, the first permanent English settlement in North America.

John Winthrop

He was chosen to be a governor. He was a Puritan and thought democracy was the worst form of government.

Squanto

He was native american that got captured and brought to England. He was sold into slavery, but sold to a nice guy that helped him get back to his village. When got back all his people were dead of disease. He helped the Pilgrims survive. Helped that he spoke english. He spoke Algonquin. lived in Rhode Island. Real name is Tisquantum.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Samoset

He was the first Wampanoag that the Pilgrims first encountered. He could speak some English. He showed peace to the Pilgrims.

Magellan

He was the first to prove that the new world really was a distinct landmass, separate from Asia. After sailing around around the southern tip of South America he sailed westward acrosst he Pacific and reached the Philippine Islands, claiming them for Spain.

Massasoit

He was the leader of the Wampanoag. He was treated like a king among the Pilgrims. He was nervous at first of the Pilgrims but soon made peace with them.

Who was a Dutch explorer that discovered New York?

Henry Hudson

Which house of Parliament are members elected by voters?

House of Commons (lower house)

Which house of Parliament is made up of noblemen who inherited the right to be members?

House of Lords (upper house)

Who led the Puritan's colony?

John Winthrop

New England Primer Book

Kids learned ABC's from this book. Used rhymes to help kids remember letters and words.

Who was Queen Elizabeth's father? Why was it ironic?

King Henry VII, because he went through six wives trying to get a male heir when a perfectly good female one was siting right there

Blue Laws

Laws that said you couldn't do certain things on Sundays. (One man got put in stocks because he kissed his wife when he returned from 3 years at sea . . . on a Sunday!) Written on blue paper, thus the name.

The Vikings

Led by Leif Ericson, these Nordic people may have reached North America as early as 1001 A.D., but they laid no claim to their discovery.

Thomas Hooker

Like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, he disagreed with the Puritan leaders. He was forced to leave Massachusetts and founded Connecticut in 1636.

What are three French words we use in modern America and Canada?

Parish, Baton Rouge, Montreal

Samuel Parris

Pastor who set up a trial to try those in Salem practicing witchcraft

Rodger Williams

Minister of Salem church (1635); opposed alignment of church and civil government; Indians should have land bought from them; told to leave Massachusetts in 1635; founded Providence in Narragansett Bay (1636); Established Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (1644)

Name the tool the Pilgrims brought from England that they hunted with?

Musket / Gun

New England

Name given by John Smith in the northeastern region of north America presents day name for part of the northeast region of the united states

squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

Incas

Native american who lived in South America and had pyramidal society similar to feudal society in Europe. Their vast empire was held together by an extensive road system.

New Hampshire

New England colony chartered in 1629, but not successful until 1639 when John Wheelright, a disciple of Anne Hutchinson, led some of his followers here and founded the town of Exeter. The town's founders drew up the Exeter Compact, which was based on the Mayflower Compact

Concord

New Hampshire

Which New England colony is north of Salem Massachusetts?

New Hampshire

Trenton

New Jersey

Albany

New York

What colony was originally Dutch?

New York

John Smith

One of Jamestown settlers; ex-soldier; expert forager; Indian trader; Stayed for only 2 years, but saw that Jamestown needed more skilled workers and that they needed to build houses and plant crops, rather than search for gold; Wanted to dominate Indians peacefully

Columbus

Spain was interested in getting into the spice trade. Columbus was a northern Italian unemployed sailor. He said another way of getting to the India instead of going around Africa was to go west and you would eventually run into the Middle East. The Portuguese thought Columbus was crazy and turned him down. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain (along with others) financed his voyage. After a long voyage the crew was ready to mutiny so he made a deal with his men to give him a few more days before turning back. They hit land a few days later on the Hispaniola and encountered Native Americans cans who lived on the islands. They tried to trade with the natives but the natives wanted nothing to do with Columbus and his men. Columbus was convinced that he had found some unknown islands in Asia. He took one of natives back to Spain with him. Columbus returned back to the island and realized these natives had gold and silver. The Spanish forced the Native Americans to locate and produce gold and silver. This made the Native Americans mad so they revolted. The Spaniards roasted the revolutionaries alive. Columbus was arrested for brutality when he returned to Spain. He was later released and went on more explorations.

Hernando Cortez

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico in 1521

Ferdinand Magellan

Spanish explorer who circumnavigate the globe in 1519

Balboa

Spanish explorer who marched through modern-day Panama and became the first European to gaze upon the Pacific Ocean

Coronado

Spanish; explored Arizona and New Mexico in search of fabled cities of gold; en route his expedition discovered two awesome natural wonders: the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of Buffalo

What two Native Americans taught the Pilgrims how to survive in New England?

Squanto and Samoset

What is another name for the Church of England?

The Anglican Church

Catholics: What colony did they settle? Who helped start it? How did they treat others? Other interesting facts?

The Calverts settled Maryland as a place for Catholics. The Calverts were the first to pass a religious tolerance law in North America. They did not do this to be nice, but to save themselves

Crusades

The Crusade of the 1100s catapulted the people of Europe out of the Dark Ages and into the Renaissance.

What occurred in Europe to make people want to explore? Why?

The Crusades. Countries came together to afford the expense. New naval technology allowed them to go further.

Elizabeth I

The English did not enter into the Age of Exploration until ___ became Queen in 1588

What was the reason for the First Thanksgiving?

The English had a large harvest and wanted to thank the Indians for their help and thank God for blessing them.

What is the first written constitution in the English Colonies?

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

What caused thousands of deaths to the Powhaten Indians?

The foreigners, brought unknown diseases.

Checks and Balances

The idea that certain powers are shared between the branches of government so that each one can monitor the others.

Limited Government

The idea that government should only have enough power to govern responsibly.

Republicanism

The idea that people are most fulfilled when they actively participate in achieving the common good.

Individual Rights

The idea that specific rights such as the natural rights of life, liberty, and property belong to each person.

What is Parliament?

The lawmaking body in England

What is the Massachusetts General Court?

The lawmaking body in Massachusetts

Who was William Bradford?

The leader of the Pilgrims

Mestizos

The mixed race of people that developed as a result of the intermarriage of the Spanish and Native American populations in the 16th and 17th century.

What is the Great Migration?

The movement during the 1630s when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times.

Plymouth

The place where the Mayflower and the Pilgrims established their colony.

In Primogeniture, who would have to find their way in the world alone?

The second born son and the daughters

mound-builders

These people of the Ohio River Valley and the Mississippian culture of the lower Midwest did sustain some large settlements after the incorporation of corn planting into their way of life during the first millennium AD. The Mississippian settlement at Cohokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Ill., was perhaps home to 40,000 people in about AD 1100. But mysteriously, around the year 1300, both the ----- and the Mississippian cultures had fallen to decline.

Puritans

These people went to the new world to find religious freedom, but didn't like when other people had religious freedom too. between 1630 and 1640 20,000 people sailed for New England.

Quaker

They believed that anyone and everyone can talk to god and doesn't need a priest. They believed that each person had an inner light that led them to god. Enemies of the Puritans. Women were equal even in church.

Pilgrims

They founded Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts in 1620.

Dutch

They settled in New Amsterdam in the 1600's. New Amsterdam was later renamed New York.

Puritans

They were not tolerant of other religious groups. They founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

What is the effect of the Puritan's increasing desire for more land to farm?

They were unable to establish a lasting peace with the Native Americans

Queen Elizabeth

This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England. Presented first charters for the New World

Mayflower Compact

This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule.

Who disagreed with the Puritan leaders and founded the colony of Connecticut?

Thomas Hooker

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker and his congregation wrote and adopted this agreement in 1639. It expanded voting rights to non-church members and limited the power of the governor. They expanded the idea of representative government. This was basically a constitution

Why was the militia necessary in New England?

To defend the villages of New England from attack by the Native Americans and foreigners such as the French.

What did the signers of the Mayflower Compact promise?

To obey the laws passed for the general good of the colony.

Salam Witchcraft Trials

Took place in Salem, Mass. in 1691, Several adolescent girls began to behave strangely-said they were victims of witches, Special courts convened and sent people to the gallows who were believed to be witches, 19 people died

One reason the Colonist picked the Jamestown location was because the site was surrounded by water on three sides (it was not fully an island yet) and was far inland; both meant it was easily defensible against possible Spanish attacks. Name one reason the Powhaten Indians chose to live there.

Transportation/Fishing/hunting

tickling rod

Used on people in church who looked like they might fall asleep.

How did the use of slaves affect New England colonists?

Using slaves to do the farming at home allowed more time for the colonists to pursue other ways to make money.

Montpelier

Vermont

Metacom

Wampanoag Indian chief whom Puritan colonists blamed for 1675-1676 conflict. Colonists felt he organized attack on Puritan villages.

Samoset

Wampanoag man who help the pilgrims in 1620

Leyden Holland

Were they freed from Scrooby England to settle. Because it had religious freedom. But they didn't like the dutch and their ways so they left for the new world. They were hypocrites.

Great Migration

When more than 15,000 Puritans left religious persecution and economic hardships in England and fled to Massechusetts

The Mayflower Compact was the seed of American democracy and has been called the world's first ?

Written constitution

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote The Leviathan Believed humans are incapable of governing themselves because they are selfish and violent

Capitialism

You can own money and property. The consumers have tons of choice. Vote with their ,money. Wealth usually gets too just a couple of people and others don't have enough.

treaty

an agreement between two groups or two countries

Bacon's Rebellion

an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley.

Rhode Island

area created in 1636 when group of Puritans left the Massachusetts Bay Colony and went southward. Here, complete freedom of religion, even for Jews, Quakers, and Catholics, was established. Rhode Island allowed all males to vote (but later was reduced only to those who owned property). It achieved colony status in 1644 when it secured a charter from Parliament.

What was the Mayflower Compact and why did they have it?

basically the constitution of the Pilgrims. They needed something to keep order because they were supposed to be ruled by the people of Virginia but their ship veered of course and they landed in Cape Cod

What was the animal/fashion trend that caused people to seek wealth in America?

beaver

brevity

brief, short

King Philip's War

brutal war between Puritan colonists and Indians during 1675-1676 over territory in southern New England and growing numbers of English settlers. Many tribes simultaneously rebelled against the Puritans. The conflict was named after the Indian chief, Metacom, whom the colonists called King Philip. Casualties totaled at least 1,000 English settlers and around 3,000 Indians

shipbuilding

building ships for ocean transportation

fishing

catching fish for eating

Connecticut

colony

Massachusetts

colony

New Hampshire

colony

Rhode Island

colony

Plymouth Colony

colony established in 1620 by small group of Separatists who had asked the Virginia Company to support their effort to be a "distinct body by themselves." Their original site was to be at the mouth of the Hudson River (then part of northern Virginia), but they ran short of supplies and stopped off tip of Cape Cod

Massachusetts Bay Colony

colony established in 1630 by large group of Puritans who wanted to create "A City Upon a Hill." Boston became its hub and welcomed more Puritans during the 1630s as it became more successful

conquistadors

cruel Spanish conquerors who tortured the native populations, stole their gold, and infected them with small pox.

Montezuma's revenge

diarrhea/upset stomach

prosperous

enjoying growth and success

hysteria

exaggerrated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially among a group of people

celebrated

famous

Ferdinand of Argon and Isabelle of Castille

financed the voyage of Columbus