NFS 1110 Chapter 10 Questions

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance. a) 1-2% b) 5-7% c) 10% d) 20%

a) 1-2%

Which of the following acts to increase blood pressure? a) Angiotensin II b) Calcitonin c) Estrogen d) Parathyroid hormone

a) Angiotensin II

Which is LEAST likely to be implicated as a contributor to hypertension? a) High levels of carbonated beverage consumption b) Stress c) Heavy alcohol consumption d) Lack of physical activity

a) High levels of carbonated beverage consumption

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water? a) High potassium intake b) A low-calorie diet c) Consuming many high protein foods d) Lactation

a) High potassium intake

The risk of hypertension is lowest for which of the following groups? a) Non-hispanic whites b) Diabetics c) Obese individuals d) African Americans

a) Non-hispanic whites

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium, chloride and potassium from the diet is true? a) They are readily absorbed. b) Absorption is regulated according to body needs. c) Sodium absorption is tightly regulated, while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated. d) Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis.

a) They are readily absorbed.

The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys is: a) aldosterone. b) renin. c) angiotensin. d) adrenaline.

a) aldosterone.

50) High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: a) an increased diabetes risk. b) weakening of and damage to artery walls. c) the heart working harder. d) an increased risk of stroke.

a) an increased diabetes risk.

The role of water in urine is: a) as a transport medium. b) to provide a medium for chemical reactions. c) to detoxify. d) to maintain acid base balance.

a) as a transport medium.

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from: a) fruits and vegetables. b) whole grains. c) lean protein. d) low-fat dairy.

a) fruits and vegetables.

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called: a) insensible losses. b) interstitial decreases. c) transitory losses. d) undetectable losses.

a) insensible losses.

In most people, hypertension results from: a) no obvious external cause. b) diabetes. c) kidney disease. d) atherosclerosis.

a) no obvious external cause.

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: a) renin is released. b) water moves into the blood. c) blood pressure rises. d) blood volume rises.

a) renin is released.

The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered: a) slightly basic. b) slightly acidic. c) very basic. d) very acidic.

a) slightly basic.

Salt is added to processed food for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) to balance potassium content. b) to inhibit the growth of bacteria. c) to enhance flavor. d) as a preservative.

a) to balance potassium content.

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury. a) ≤ 120/80 b) ≤ 140/90 c) ≤ 160/100 d) between 120/80 and 140/90

a) ≤ 120/80

What is the effect of dietary salt intake on blood pressure? a. It increases blood pressure. b. It lowers blood pressure. c. It has no effect on blood pressure d. It can either increase or lower blood pressure.

a. It increases blood pressure.

Which hormone signals the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream? a) Angiotensinogen b) Antidiuretic hormone c) Calcitonin d) Adrenal hormone

b) Antidiuretic hormone

45) Which organ is responsible for regulating sodium and chloride concentrations in the body? a) Brain b) Kidneys c) Liver d) Pancreas

b) Kidneys

56) All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT: a) replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. b) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables. c) choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. d) preparing your meals at home.

b) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables.

When table salt is dissolved in water, the sodium and chloride ions: a) form a covalent bond. b) dissociate. c) form an ionic bond. d) associate.

b) dissociate.

Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of: a) phytates. b) electrolytes. c) condensates. d) solvents.

b) electrolytes.

Most body water comes from: a) moisture absorbed through the skin. b) fluids we drink. c) the food we eat. d) metabolism.

b) fluids we drink.

The human diet has: a) always been high in salt. b) historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present. c) historically been lower in both sodium and potassium than at present. d) historically been higher in both sodium and potassium than at present.

b) historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present.

When a nerve cell depolarizes, all of the following occur EXCEPT: a) an electrical current is generated. b) it causes a muscle contraction. c) permeability of the cell membrane to sodium changes. d) a nerve impulse is sent.

b) it causes a muscle contraction.

The function of synovial fluid is to: a) allow excess heat to escape from the body. b) lubricate joints. c) provide a protective cushion around the developing fetus. d) lubricate the mouth.

b) lubricate joints.

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of: a) condensation. b) osmosis. c) alkalosis. d) diffusion.

b) osmosis.

49) The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by: a) high intake of fruits and vegetables, but no dairy foods. b) plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. c) abundant whole & refined grains and high-protein foods, but low in dairy. d) plenty of high-protein and dairy foods.

b) plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods.

An electrical charge or membrane potential exists across nerve cell membranes because: a) the membrane is permeable to sodium ions. b) the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in. c) the membrane is impermeable to all ions. d) water can flow freely across the membrane.

b) the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in.

Electrolyte deficiency most likely occurs: a) when people don't choose foods carefully. b) when losses are extreme. c) when fewer than 8 glasses of water are consumed per day. d) as a result of decongestant medications.

b) when losses are extreme.

Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout. He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid. a) 0.5 b) 1 c) 1.5 d) 2

c) 1.5

Hypertension is very common, affecting _____ of adults in the U.S. a) 1/10 b) 1/4 c) 1/3 d) 1/2

c) 1/3

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day. a) 1000 b) 1850 c) 2300 d) One has not been established

c) 2300

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water? a) 20% b) 40% c) 60% d) 80%

c) 60%

The AI for potassium intake is: a) similar to that for sodium. b) not established. c) >2x than that of sodium. d) less than 20% of that for sodium.

c) >2x than that of sodium.

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called: a) solvents. b) non-polar. c) electrolytes. d) inert.

c) electrolytes.

Of the following, the tissue with the lowest water content is: a) blood. b) bone. c) fat. d) muscle.

c) fat.

Extracellular fluid does NOT include: a) blood. b) lymph. c) fluid within cells. d) interstitial fluid.

c) fluid within cells.

The DASH diet is: a) high in calcium and magnesium while low in sodium and potassium. b) high is sodium while low in calcium, magnesium and potassium. c) high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium. d) high in sodium and potassium while low in calcium and magnesium.

c) high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium.

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a(n): a) exchange reaction. b) catalysis reaction. c) hydrolysis reaction. d) condensation reaction.

c) hydrolysis reaction.

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people. a) diabetes b) cancer c) hypertension d) All of these

c) hypertension

Water is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by: a) active transport. b) Brownian motion. c) osmosis. d) endocytosis.

c) osmosis.

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT: a) tomatoes. b) bananas. c) snack crackers. d) potatoes.

c) snack crackers.

In the United States, the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________. a) sodium; potassium and chloride b) sodium; phosphorous c) iron; potassium d) sodium and chloride; potassium

d) sodium and chloride; potassium

What are electrolytes in the body? a. Substances that dissociate in water to form charged ions. b. They are vitamins and minerals required for body functions. c. Proteins that are dissolved in body fluids. d. They are desirable but not necessary for the maintenance of life.

a. Substances that dissociate in water to form charged ions.

Osmosis requires all of the following EXCEPT: a. glucose. b. a selectively permeable membrane. c. dissolved solutes. d. water.

a. glucose.

How does the DASH diet affect blood pressure? a. Animal protein decreases blood pressure. b. Fruits and vegetables decrease blood pressure. c. Low-fat dairy products increase blood pressure. d. Dietary fiber increases blood pressure

b. Fruits and vegetables decrease blood pressure.

What factor affects the amount of water in different body compartments? a. Dietary protein b. Osmotic balance c. Nerve conduction d. Muscle contraction

b. Osmotic balance

What is true about water movement across cell membranes? a. Water moves to the compartment with the lowest concentration of solute. b. The amount of water in blood and tissues is determined by blood pressure. c. Extra protein in the diet promotes fluid retention in body cells. d. The concentration of solute remains constant among the body compartments

b. The amount of water in blood and tissues is determined by blood pressure.

Healthy electrolyte intake for the American diet includes: a. increasing sodium intake. b. increasing potassium intake. c. increasing sodium, potassium, and chlorine intake. d. decreasing water intake

b. increasing potassium intake.

Water is polar because: a) it is an ion. b) the electrons are equally shared among the O and H atoms. c) the electrons spend more time around the O atom than the H atoms. d) the electrons spend more time around the H atoms than the O atom.

c) the electrons spend more time around the O atom than the H atoms.

What is a function of water in the body? a. It regulates protein function in the body. b. It prevents heat loss from the body. c. It transports oxygen and nutrients to cells. d. It maintains the body at a slightly acidic pH.

c. It transports oxygen and nutrients to cells.

What is a consequence of hypertension? a. Weight gain b. Diabetes c. Stroke d. Obesity

c. Stroke

Water found inside cells of the body is called: a.intercellular fluid. b. extracellular fluid. c. intracellular fluid. d. interstitial fluid.

c. intracellular fluid.

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration? a) An athlete, exercising in cool weather b) An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight c) A child recovering from diarrhea d) All are potentially at risk for dehydration

d) All are potentially at risk for dehydration

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true? a) It can cause sudden heart failure. b) It can occur in anorexia nervosa. c) It can disturb acid base balance. d) All of these statements are true.

d) All of these statements are true.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding maintenance of electrolyte concentrations across cell membranes? a) The sodium potassium ATPase is a key player. b) The process involves an active transport system. c) The input of large amounts of energy is required. d) Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary.

d) Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? a) Water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature. b) When body temperature rises, sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. c) Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. d) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.

d) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.

Which property makes water a good solvent? a) Covalent nature c) Electroneutrality c) Hydrophobicity d) Polarity

d) Polarity

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals? a) Chloride & potassium b) Phosphorous & calcium c) Sodium & fluoride d) Sodium & potassium

d) Sodium & potassium

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body? a) Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. b) Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. c) Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. d) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

d) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is: a) found naturally in food. b) added during home preparation. c) added at the table. d) added to food during processing and manufacturing.

d) added to food during processing and manufacturing.

1Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following EXCEPT: a) dilute the sodium in the blood. b) cause water toxicity. c) result in nausea, muscle cramps and confusion. d) increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure.

d) increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure.

Fluid requirements for infants are proportionately greater than those for adults because: a) infants have less surface area for evaporation. b) infants are more active than adults. c) infants weigh less than adults. d) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine.

d) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine.

What is true about dehydration? a. A loss of 1% body weight as water can cause nausea. b. It is recommended for reducing body weight. c. It stimulates the removal of waste products. d. It can impair physical and cognitive performance

d. It can impair physical and cognitive performance