NIC Written Exam

Most spoken language interpreters find it easier to interpret from their a. B language into their A language b. B language into their L2 language c. L1 language into their A language d. A language into their B language

a. B language into their A language

Which of the following is a community based, non-profit organization that worked specifically with African American Deaf persons to advocate their rights? a. BDA b. RID-ITOC c. AARP d. AADB

a. BDA

According to Title IV (telecommunications) of the ADA, telephone companies must provide Deaf individuals with a. Both local and long distance relay services 24hrs/day b. All telecommunication devices that are available c. Relay services at a low monthly charge d. Interstate, but not intrastate, relay services

a. Both local and long distance relay services 24hrs/day

Most content adjustments that interpreters make are either linguistic or a. Cultural b. Spoken c. Visual d. Auditory

a. Cultural

The use of 2 languages or of 2 varieties of the same language in a community in which one has a higher status than the other is known as a. Diglossia b. Bilingualism c. Lexical borrowing d. Code switching

a. Diglossia

During an interpretation for a large audience, the lighting should: a. Be directed at the interpreter's face b. Come from directly above the interpreter c. Come from more than one angle d. Come from directly behind the interpreter

c. Come from more than one angle

Deaf audience members leave a lecture understanding all the facts given by the lecturer. Their impression of the lecturer is that she was ill-prepared and distant, which in fact she was highly prepared and genuinely warm. The interpreter erred in conveying which of the following elements of the presentation? a. Content b. Context c. Affect d. Meaning

c. Affect

Consecutive interpretation can be successfully used only when a. The situation is casual b. The situation is formal c. All parties agree to use this method d. A lecture is well-planned and rehearsed

c. All parties agree to use this method

The primary reason that a deaf/blind consumer would use a combination of communication method is to a. Ensure accuracy b. Ensure that all visual info is received c. Avoid fatigue d. Expand the interpreter's communication options

c. Avoid fatigue

Approximately what percent of Deaf/HOH children have hearing parents? a. Less than 25% b. 25-35% c. 50-60% d. 85-95%

d. 85-95%

When an interpreter is subpoenaed as an expert witness in court, the interpreter's area of expertise is: a. Cultural and linguistic implications of deafness b. Sociological aspects of the Deaf community c. Political implications of deafness d. Communication issues and cross-cultural mediation

d. Communication issues and cross-cultural mediation

An interpreter will be best prepared for interpreting a lecture by learning something about a. Goal of the speaker b. Lecture environment c. Audience language preference d. Discourse structure

a. Goal of the speaker

One of the goals of conflict resolution is to a. Increase sensitivity to similarity and common interests while minimizing differences b. Change participants' attitudes toward one another and reduce the tendency to exploit other participants' needs c. Distract participants from the conflict by assigning tasks that will keep them mentally occupied d. Emphasize the expectations of one of the conflicting parties while minimizing the expectations of the other party

a. Increase sensitivity to similarity and common interests while minimizing differences

At a small staff meeting where there's one Deaf employee who signs that he hasn't completed a work assignment. The interpreter misses the negation and voices that the assignment HAS been completed. Realizing the error, the interpreter tells the hearing staff the error and corrects it. A better way is to a. Inform both deaf and hearing that an error was made and correct it b. Sign to the deaf person that an interpreter error was made and let the deaf person decide what to do c. Without drawing attention to the error, revoice the statement correctly and continue interpreting d. Explain to the meeting participants why negations are easy to miss

a. Inform both deaf and hearing that an error was made and correct it

Which of the following general statements about interpretation is the most accurate? a. Interpretation involves competence in at least 2 languages. b. Source languages are almost always the interpreter's weaker or 2nd language. c. Target languages are almost always the interpreter's weaker or 2nd language. d. Target languages are spoken languages.

a. Interpretation involves competence in at least 2 languages.

All of the following statements regarding Total Communication are correct EXCEPT a. It is a method of oralism used to teach language b. It involves the use of fingerspelling, lipreading, auditory training, and written expression c. It is used in both mainstream and residential programs d. It is a philosophy for teaching Deaf students

a. It is a method of oralism used to teach language

One protection available to interpreters from malpractice suits resulting from misinterpretations that cause harm is a. Liability insurance b. Team interpreting c. RID certification d. Legal training

a. Liability insurance

Which of the following is considered a universal form of communication? a. Mime b. ASL c. PSE d. MCE

a. Mime

The insurance company formed by the Deaf community in 1901 is the a. National Fraternal Society of the Deaf b. Golden Hills Society c. National Association of the Deaf d. World Federation of the Deaf

a. National Fraternal Society of the Deaf

When people adjust their language and the way they talk based on whom they are speaking to, they are shifting a. Register b. Modality c. Meaning d. Intent

a. Register

Which of the following organizations has as its main objective the providing of information about hearing loss, communication, assistive listening devices and communication strategies for oral deaf persons? a. SHHH b. RID c. NAD d. ALDA

a. SHHH

The process of transmitting information from a form of English-like signing to spoken English is known as a. Transliteration b. Cueing c. Interpretation d. Translation

a. Transliteration

The use of a Deaf relay interpreter is most likely when the Deaf consumer: a. Uses a foreign sign language b. Belongs to an ethnic group different from that of the hearing interpreter c. Is involved in courtroom or other legal situation d. Does not use ASL

a. Uses a foreign sign language

While interpreting complex concepts into ASL, which is most helpful? a. Visualization b. Clozure c. Prediction d. Glossing

a. Visualization

While working, the interpreter is asked by one of the hearing participants how long it took to become an interpreter. Without responding, this directs the question to the Deaf person. The interpreter is functioning under the a. Helper model b. Conduit model c. Communication facilitator model d. Bicultural mediator model

b. Conduit model

Public Law 94-142 mandates that, to the extent possible, Deaf children should be a. Educated in residential schools b. Educated in the least restrictive environment c. Placed in classes with an interpreter d. Placed in a mainstreamed environment

b. Educated in the least restrictive environment

Which of the following is most valued in a low-context culture? a. Interdependence b. Individuality c. Shared experience d. An intuitive approach to decision making

b. Individuality

Which of the following is always true of an effective English-to-sign interpretation? a. It is a pure ASL rendition b. It adapts to audience preference c. It consists of conceptually accurate signing d. It uses minimal fingerspelling

b. It adapts to audience preference

Which of the following linguistic features is found in ASL but not in English: a. Possessive Pronouns b. Object-verb agreement c. Rhetorical questions d. Subject-verb-object word order

b. Object-verb agreement

Mainstreaming became widespread in the US primarily because of the a. Enactment of Civil Rights Legislation b. Passage of Public law 94-142 c. 1973 Rehabilitation Act d. Americans with Disabilities Act

b. Passage of Public law 94-142

The focus of the cultural/humanistic view of Deaf people is on the a. Disadvantaged person b. Person rather than deafness c. Overall communication process d. Effect of the disability

b. Person rather than deafness

Since Deaf people tend to share knowledge and experiences that may be unfamiliar to a hearing audience, the interpreter working from ASL to English should a. Answer audience questions concerning culture-specific knowledge b. Present a meaningful interpretation of cultural-specific material c. Suggest to Deaf presenters that explain culture-specific material d. Encourage the audience to ask questions of the presenter about any culture specific material that is not understood

b. Present a meaningful interpretation of cultural-specific material

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act includes which of the following provisions? a. Employers in businesses with more than 50 employees cannot discriminate against the disabled b. Qualified disabled individuals cannot be discriminated against by programs receiving federal funding c. Employers must provide rehabilitation services to disabled employees d. State governments must provide services to disabled job seekers

b. Qualified disabled individuals cannot be discriminated against by programs receiving federal funding

To which of the following factors do sign language transliterators generally give the LEAST consideration? a. Linguistic structure b. Regional dialects c. Variations in manual codes d. Register

b. Regional dialects

To sociolinguists, the intimate register discourse is characterized by a. Reliance on information that is stated explicitly b. Reliance on information that is left implicit c. The use of furtive glances to see who might be eavesdropping d. Cupping of the hand at the side of the mouth

b. Reliance on information that is left implicit

Which of the following is true regarding the noun-verb pairs in ASL? a. The noun and verb are signed the same because the meaning is understood from the context of the message b. The noun is signed using a smaller double movement c. The noun is generally spelled and the verb is signed d. Verbs are derived from gestures

b. The noun is signed using a smaller double movement

The process of rendering a message from one written language to another written language is known as a. Interpretation b. Translation c. Transcodification d. Transliteration

b. Translation

If an interpreter accepts an assignment in another state and a different region, it is NOT appropriate to a. Ascertain from the deaf consumers what their regional signs are before the assignment b. Use only the accepted regional signs from the interpreters area c. Incorporate any regional signs being fed to the interpreter during the process of interpreting d. Review regional signs with local interpreters from that region

b. Use only the accepted regional signs from the interpreters area

Which of the following is a type of signing that is similar to ASL? a. Linguistics of Visual English (L.O.V.E.) b. gestural/visual vernacular c. Simultaneous communication d. Pidgin sign english

b. gestural/visual vernacular

Which of the following is the best cue that a Deaf audience has failed to comprehend a voice-to-sign interpretation? a. Head nodding b. Lack of facial expression c. Confused copying of a sign d. Yawning

c. Confused copying of a sign

A Deaf consumer who facilitates group discussions often finds it hard to know when its appropriate to interject comments. The best way for the interpreter to address this concern it to: a. Establish ground rules for turn-taking and announce to the group b. Tell the Deaf consumer when it is their turn to speak c. Consult with the Deaf consumer to establish a plan to facilitate participation d. Instruct the group about the process time involved in interpreting

c. Consult with the Deaf consumer to establish a plan to facilitate participation

According to RID, a certified interpreter can lose certification for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. Failing to pay current national dues b. Failing to complete the Certification Maintenance Program (CMP) c. Failing to join an affiliate chapter d. Violating ethical standards

c. Failing to join an affiliate chapter

Which of the following linguistic features is found in English but not in ASL? a. Relative clauses b. Subject verb agreements c. Gender distinctions in the pronoun system d. Subject verb object word order

c. Gender distinctions in the pronoun system

An English word that approximates the most common meaning of an ASL sign is known as a a. Root b. Cognate c. Gloss d. Synonym

c. Gloss

The setting in which it is LEAST likely that a Deaf person would be working as an interpreter is: a. At an international conference on sign language research b. In settings where there are Deaf/Blind people in the audience c. In a mainstream classroom d. In a courtroom

c. In a mainstream classroom

When interpreting for a live television program, an interpreter should: a. Sign slowly and fingerspell key words b. Focus primarily on lighting and personal appearance c. Offer to provide assistance regarding interpreter placement d. Recommend that the program to be interpreted be pre recorded

c. Offer to provide assistance regarding interpreter placement

Which of the following has been shown to correlate most highly with the rate of occurrence of interpretation miscues? a. Clozure skills b. Concentration c. Process time d. Attention span

c. Process time

Which of the following facts about a Deaf person would provide you with the LEAST information about how he or she is likely to sign? a. His or her educational experience b. Whether his or her parents are Deaf c. The hearing status of his or her children d. His or her level of involvement in the Deaf community

c. The hearing status of his or her children

One of the key differences between interpreters and translators is that: a. Translators do not make as many semantic errors as do interpreters b. Translators can work for considerably longer periods of time than can interpreters c. The source language message is "permanently available" to translators d. Conference translators are usually paid by the page

c. The source language message is "permanently available" to translators

Which of the following terms refers to philosophies underlying the education of Deaf and HOH students that support communication in any way possible? a. Simultaneous communication b. bilingual/bi-cultural education c. Total communication d. Linguistics of Visual English (L.O.V.E)

c. Total communication

At an IEP meeting, a Deaf student becomes upset with proposed goals and objectives that the team is suggesting for her. The Deaf student directs her anger at the interpreter. The psychological term for the student's behavior is a. Regression b. Avoidance c. Transference d. Code switching

c. Transference

The scheduler at an interpreter referral agency needs to book interpreters for three events: a fundraiser for the Gay Men's Health Crisis, a conference on male sexual dysfunction, and the Synod of Catholic Bishops. Which of the following interpreter attributes does NOT need to be considered? a.Religion b.Gender c.Age d.Sexual orientation

c.Age

An interpreter is in a hospital to interpret for a child with injuries consistent with child abuse. On four other occasions, the interpreter has been in other hospitals while the same child was there for similar injuries but with different doctors. The interpreter should: a. Keep all information strictly confidential regardless of the circumstances b. Subtly and gently question the family about possible child abuse c.Ask the admittance staff to hire an interpreter who has no previous experience with the family d. Contact the appropriate authorities

d. Contact the appropriate authorities

The use of handshapes to represent manner and place of articulation in order to reduce ambiguities in speechreading is known as which of the following? a. Seeing essential english b. Visible speech c. The Rochester Method d. Cued Speech

d. Cued Speech

All of the following are methods commonly used for communication with Deaf/blind people EXCEPT a. Tadoma Method b. Palm writing c. Tactile fingerspelling and signing d. Cued speech

d. Cued speech

When called upon to work with a deaf person with limited language competence, the interpreter should a. Begin with simultaneous interpretation b. Prepare a disclaimer in case misunderstandings occur c. Advise the Deaf consumer that he/she should use a Deaf intermediary interpreter d. Have available array of visual aids

d. Have available array of visual aids

Which of the following statements about Deaf culture/community is NOT true? a. Interpreters are part of the Deaf Community but not necessarily members of the Deaf Culture. b. A member of the core of the Deaf Culture would be considered part of the Deaf community c. The deaf core culture and the Deaf community share similar goals but not similar values and experiences. d. Hearing interpreters who are not CODAs can become members of the core Deaf culture by the process of acculturation.

d. Hearing interpreters who are not CODAs can become members of the core Deaf culture by the process of acculturation.

During a meeting attended by a deaf person and several hearing persons, 2 of the hearing participants carry on a private convo that interferes with the terp's ability to continue. The most appropriate action for the interpreter is to: a. Interpret the content of the private convo b. Inform the deaf person that the 2 of them are talking and continue best as possible c. Inform the two hearing persons that the interpreter cannot hear the speaker d. Inform the speaker that the interpreter can't hear what the speaker is saying

d. Inform the two hearing persons that the interpreter cannot hear the speaker

The most effective way for interpreters to present complex material is to: a. Ask the speaker to simplify the information b. Refer to a written copy of the material while interpreting c. Ask the Deaf person at intervals whether he/she understand the information d. Interpret in a more consecutive mode

d. Interpret in a more consecutive mode

The primary reason hearing people have difficulty becoming fluent in ASL is that a. ASL has become standardized only in recent years b. The use of ASL is restricted to residential schools and Deaf clubs c. ASL in not a written language d. It is difficult to gain sufficient exposure to Deaf people using ASL

d. It is difficult to gain sufficient exposure to Deaf people using ASL

Which of the following is true of an effective transliteration? a. It must be an exact one-to-one encoding of source language material in the target language form b. It requires little or no processing time c. It is predictable in form d. It may incorporate features of ASL that enhance intelligibility

d. It may incorporate features of ASL that enhance intelligibility

From a cultural perspective, the core Deaf community is most appropriately thought of as a: a. Bilingual community b. Disadvantaged and segregated group c. Disabled group d. Linguistic minority group

d. Linguistic minority group

The most important way in which interpreting for people who are Deaf/Blind differs from interpreting for people who are Deaf is that with Deaf/Blind persons the interpreter: a. Does not need to limit the choice of clothing b. Needs to determine the consumer's preferred mode of communication c. Needs to de-emphasize facial expression d. Needs to include actual visual information

d. Needs to include actual visual information

The theory of interpretation as cultural and linguistic mediation includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. Facilitating communication in the most effective way possible b. Determining SL meaning and intent and finding TL equivalents c. Recognizing the language diversity the exists within the Deaf community d. Providing Deaf people with adequate language models

d. Providing Deaf people with adequate language models

Historically, Deaf culture has been passed from one generation to another primarily at a. Mainstreamed schools b. Gallaudet University c. Deaf Clubs d. Residential schools

d. Residential schools

At the end of a medical appointment, a latino Deaf patient is given a card with the date 9/10/98 for the next scheduled appointment. The interpreteer knows that latin countries usually write the date as day/month/year and that the difference could be confusing. The most appropriate way for the interpreter to handle this is a. Say nothing b. Tell the hearing doctor about latin date notation c. Tell the deaf patient about american date notation d. Sign interpret the written information

d. Sign interpret the written information

A major reason Deaf people value residential schools is that residential schools are where a. Deaf people experience the greatest academic challenge b. Adult deaf role models exist in abundance c. People fully accept Deaf culture d. Social identity and language competence are developed

d. Social identity and language competence are developed

Which of the following is LEAST indicative of register? a. Setting b. Subject matter c. Speaker's attire d. Speaker's accent

d. Speaker's accent

Systems for manually representing English were developed primarily to: a. Substitute for the use of ASL b. Better allow English speakers to converse with Deaf persons c. Teach English to multi-handicapped children d. Teach English to Deaf children

d. Teach English to Deaf children

Which of the following organizations has the greatest interest in phone relay services? a. National Association of the Deaf d. Alexander Graham Bell Association c. National Technical Institute for the Deaf d. Telecommunications for the Deaf, Inc

d. Telecommunications for the Deaf, Inc

"Qualified interpreter means an interpreter who is able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially, both receptively and expressively, using any necessary specialized vocabulary." This statement is contained in a. The Rehabilitation Act (Section 504) b. Public Law 94-142 (Education for all Handicapped Children) c. Public Law 95-539 (the Court Interpreters Act) d. The ADA (regulations)

d. The ADA (regulations)

Simultaneous interpretation or transliteration is most appropriate when: a. There has been no time for rehearsal prior to the assignment b. The speaker has a prepared speech c. The speaker talks at a very fast rate d. The interpreter and consumers are familiar with the subject

d. The interpreter and consumers are familiar with the subject

When a message is rendered from English to ASL, the most accurate description of the communication process is a. Consecutive interpreting b. Simultaneous transliterating c. Voice to sign transliterating d. Voice to sign interpreting

d. Voice to sign interpreting

Which of the following is NOT a dynamic of hearing/Deaf cross-cultural interactions? a. Low context/high context b. Individualist oriented/collectivist oriented c. Progress oriented/tradition oriented d. acoustically-oriented/science-oriented

d. acoustically-oriented/science-oriented

Reasons for an African-American deaf person using Southern Black signs include all of the following EXCEPT: a. he/she is a member of an african-american Deaf club whose events are rarely attended by people that are non african-american people b. he/she mainly interacts with other african-american who know Southern Black Signs c. he/she attended a residential school that was segregated d. he/she attended a mainstream school with african-american instructors

d. he/she attended a mainstream school with african-american instructors