NN310 Homework 1 - Electronic Navigation Fundamentals
What is Electronic-Navigation?
"the harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment."
Match the following terms with their definitions: ECDIS ECS ECDIS-N
ECDIS--Civilian electronic charting system ECDIS-N--US Navy electronic charting system ECS--Civilian electronic charting system that does not meet IMO requirements. Situational awareness only.
Which type of system below best describes VMS?
ECDIS-N
E-Nav US National Regulation
--National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) --National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) --US Coast Guard (USCG)
E-Nav International Regulation Organizations
--United Nations (UN) --International Maritime Organization (IMO) --International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
ECDIS-N automatically calculates
-Cross-track error -Provides recommended course to steer accounting for set/drift -Monitors / alarms on nearest hazard -Will calculate and monitor -Turn Bearings / Ranges from navigation aids -Integrates depth through the fathometer -Calculates distance and time to turn
ECDIS Functional Requirements
-Display -Customize Display -Customizable scale -Fused information -Adequate redundancy and Back up -Route planning -Route monitoring -Automatic grounding avoidance -Recording (BLACK BOX) -Tests, alarms, indicators
Disadvantages and Risks of ECDIS
-ECDIS/ECDIS-N is only one of the tools that helps a mariner navigate a ship. -One of the biggest risks is an over reliance on the information provided. -Poor GPS performance including Spoofing / Jamming will impact positional accuracy if not checked. -ECDIS/ECDIS-N malfunction - Windows based system. It will crash! -Installation/ setup errors
4 categories of DNCs
-General (smallest scale, largest area) - open ocean -Coastal - East / West coast. Limited topographical / physical features. -Approach - more coastal detail and affiliated to specific harbors -Harbor (largest scale, smallest area) - Affiliated with specific harbors
ECDIS Sensor Inputs
-NAV (GPS, INS, etc.) -Gyrocompass -Fathometer -Radar -AIS -Currents, tides info, etc
Advantages of ECDIS
-Real time position positioning presented visually to User. -Automated plotting (DR / EP) including when GPS not available. -Reduced Manning -Improved Safety -Enhanced Command and Control -Increased awareness in Reduced Visibility
ECDIS-N
An ECDIS system for the USN that fulfills additional requirements specifically: -Display radar, visual, and celestial navigation fix information. -System-to-system interoperability -Read and display Digital Nautical Charts (DNC) **Cannot be reliant on GPS as the only means of navigation as the system is vulnerable.**
Which of the following is NOT part of the ECDIS architecture?
Automatic Chart Update
What two pieces of information are automatically calculated by ECDIS for watchstander SA?
Cross-Track Error Distance and time to turn
Which of the following is not a functional requirement of ECDIS?
ECDIS gives waypoint recommendations as you are planning your route
Digital Nautical Charts
DNCs are produced by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) for US DoD. Charts are Vector Charts, built to IMO / IHO standards therefore able to be used for navigation. Have global coverage
Surface Ship Navigation Department Organization and Regulations Manual (NAVDORM)
Details US Navy Type Commander policies, procedures and organizational standards for use and operation of an ECDIS-N, including VMS.
Electronic Nautical Charts (ENCs)
Electronic charts are representations of Navigational data encoded in a computer-usable format. More detailed information. Allows the User to customize the display for the mission. System will identify hazards. Zooming reveals details. Chart corrections easily applied.
Which of the following is NOT an Advantage of ECDIS?
Eliminates need for all other navigation tools
The _______ certifies a system as an ECDIS making it the legal equivalent to paper charts.
International Maritime Organization
_________ charts are a scanned copy of paper charts.
Raster navigational chart (RNC)
NGA's Digital Nautical chart s (DNC) are vector based
True
Which is not an advantage of raster chart?
Zooming reveals details
Standard Nautical Charts (SNCs)
hard copy, paper charts that must be manually updated on periodic basis to remain current using the Notice to Mariners (NTMs) process.