Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Are males heterogametic or homogametic? A. Heterogametic B. Homogametic

A

Can women be colorblind? A. Yes B. No

A

In a traditional sense, which sex chromosome carries traits for males? A. X B. Y C. Both X and Y D. Neither X nor Y

A

Which of the following correctly identifies pleiotropy? A. One gene that influences many traits. B. Multiple genes that influence one trait. C. One gene that influences one trait. D. Multiple genes that influence many traits.

A

Which of the following correctly identifies what a nondisjunction is? A. The failure of paired chromosomes to separate during cell division, as a result of this both chromosomes go to the same daughter cell and the other one has none. B. Condition of having too many or too few chromosomes. C. A condensed region in the nucleus of a cell, consisting of an inactivated X chromosome. D. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder.

A

Which of the following defines a sex chromosome? A. One of two chromosomes that determines an organism's biological sex. B. Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. C. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. D. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder.

A

Which of the following is an example of female sex chromosomes? A. XX B. XY

A

Who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from? A. Mother B. Father C. Both D. Neither

A

Who is more likely to have an X-linked genetic disorder? A. Males B. Females

A

Red-green color blindness is an inability to distinguish red colors from green colors. In which sex is color‑blindness more prevalent and why? A. Color blindness is more prevalent in females because females lack green photoreceptors. B. Color blindness is more prevalent in males because it is an X‑linked trait. C. Color blindness is more prevalent in females because it is an X‑linked trait. D. Color blindness is more prevalent in males because males lack green photoreceptors.

B

What is the defining characteristic of quantitative traits? A. They are influenced by multiple genes. B. They show continuous variation. C. They can be classified into distinct categories. D. They are influenced by environmental factors.

B

Which is the definition of a sex-linked trait? A. An allele that is inherited from a particular gender. B. A trait that is coded by a gene located on a sex chromosome. C. A trait usually inherited with another trait on the same chromosome. D. A trait that is shared by siblings of the same gender.

B

Which of the following defines an autosome? A. One of two chromosomes that determines an organism's biological sex. B. Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. C. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. D. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder.

B

Which of the following is an example of male sex chromosomes? A. XX B. XY

B

Which of the statements accurately describes both pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance? A. Polygenic inheritance refers to the cumulative effect of two or more genes on a single trait. Pleiotropy refers to a single gene that affects a single trait. B. Polygenic inheritance refers to the cumulative effect of two or more genes on a single trait. Pleiotropy refers to a single gene that affects multiple traits. C. Polygenic inheritance refers to the effect of a single gene on a single trait. Pleiotropy refers to a single gene that affects multiple traits. D. Polygenic inheritance refers to a single gene that affects multiple traits. Pleiotropy refers to the cumulative effect of two or more genes on a single trait.

B

Red‑green color blindness is a recessive, X‑linked trait. Which statements describe the differences between how the trait for color blindness is expressed in males and females? A. Females are more likely to express the trait than males. B. Females with one recessive allele and one dominant allele will not express the trait. C. Males are more likely to express the trait than females. D. Female carriers will always pass down the trait to their sons.

B, C

Which of these hypothetical scenarios are examples of pleiotropy? A. A defect in a single gene causes a disease in which affected individuals have longer limbs. B. A defect in a single gene causes a disease in which affected individuals have longer limbs and vision problems. C. A single gene determines whether or not an individual is color blind. D. A single gene determines the size and color of a plant's flowers. E. Multiple genes determine the height of an individual.

B, D

A trait, such as height, has high heritability because much of the variation between individuals is the result of genetic variation. However, not all of the variation for height in a population can be attributed to genetic variation alone. Why does genetic variation not always determine the differences in a given trait between individuals? A. Independent assortment leads to new combinations of genes. B. Random mutations lead to the generation of new alleles. C. Changes in the environment can influence the expression of a gene. D. Immigration can introduce new genes into a population.

C

Consider the following: a man who is colorblind is having a child with a woman who is a carrier for colorblindness. What is the probability that the child will be a colorblind female? A. 1 B. 1/8 C. 1/4 D. 1/2

C

Height is a trait that shows continuous variation in humans. In pea plants, on the other hand, the tall allele is dominant over the short allele and there are no intermediate heights. What is the best genetic explanation for this difference? A. The alleles that control height in pea plants are pleiotropic. B. The alleles that control height in human are pleiotropic. C. Height is a polygenic trait in humans. D. Height is a polygenic trait in pea plants.

C

How many X-linked genes do females have? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2

C

Which of the following are example(s) are a result of nondisjunction? A. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) B. Turner syndrome (monosomy X) C. A and B D. None of the above

C

Which of the following correctly identifies polygenic inheritance? A. One gene influencing one trait. B. One gene influencing 2 or more traits. C. 2 or more genes influencing one trait. D. 2 or more genes influencing 2 or more traits.

C

Which of the following defines a barr body? A. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. B. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder. C. A condensed region in the nucleus of a cell, consisting of an inactivated X chromosome. D. Condition of having too many or too few chromosomes.

C

Which of the following defines a sex-linked gene? A. One of two chromosomes that determines an organism's biological sex. B. Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. C. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. D. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder.

C

Which of the following pairs of parents are the most likely to produce a daughter with hemophilia? A. A hemophiliac mother and an unaffected father. B. A carrier mother and an unaffected father. C. A carrier mother and a hemophiliac father. D. An unaffected, non-carrier mother and a hemophiliac father.

C

A couple that already has three sons wants to have another child. The couple is hoping for daughter. What is the probability that the couple's fourth child will be a girl? A. 25% B. 12.5% C. 75% D. 50%

D

Which of the following defines a carrier? A. One of two chromosomes that determines an organism's biological sex. B. Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. C. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. D. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder.

D

Which of the following defines an aneuploidy? A. Gene that is located on one of the two sex chromosomes. B. Heterozygous individual that inherited a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not display symptoms of that disorder. C. A condensed region in the nucleus of a cell, consisting of an inactivated X chromosome. D. Condition of having too many or too few chromosomes.

D

Which of the following effects the coat of a newborn Siamese cat? A. Genetics B. Whether it was born in a light or dark area C. Sun exposure D. Temperature

D