NREMT

You respond to a preschool facility for an ill child. Upon arrival, you find an unresponsive 8-month-old. The infant has a palpable pulse of 50 beats per minute. Your next action should be to:

Begin chest compressions

You are caring for a confused and restless 16-year-old female with blunt chest trauma following a single vehicle accident. She complains of dyspnea and orthopnea. You note a reduced tidal volume, cyanosis and tachycardia. Which of the following should be done first?

Begin positive pressure ventilation

You are dispatched to the local jail for a prisoner found unresponsive in her cell. Her airway is clear. Respirations are rapid and shallow. The pulse oximeter (SaO2) reads 90%. Your first action should be to:

Begin positive pressure ventilations

You are dispatched to a soccer game for a 12-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. Upon arrival, the patient's mother hands you an epinephrine auto-injector. You should

Begin the primary assessment

To determine if CPR is indicated for an unresponsive patient less than one year of age, you should assess the

Brachial pulse

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more common in pediatric patients?

Bradycardia

In unresponsive patients over one year of age, you should palpate the:

Carotid Pulse

Select the patient condition that is most likely to require transport to a specialized facility.

Cerebrovascular accident

Which of the following accurately describes supine hypotensive syndrome?

Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus

Which of the following provides oxygenated blood directly to the heart?

Coronary arteries

Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient?

Determine if CPR is needed

You are called for a child with an altered level of consciousness. Her parents report a recent history of increased appetite, thirst, and frequent urination. The child's blood glucose is 350 mg/dL. The child is most likely experiencing:

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Your 6-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his right leg. You note deformity to the right leg above the ankle. The patient most likely has a fracture to the

Distal tibia

Shock is caused by:

Inadequate tissue perfusion

You are dispatched for a homeless person found unresponsive. You find the patient prone on the sidewalk unresponsive to pain. You should first:

Log roll the pt into a supine position

You are caring for a 12-year-old who was injured at the neighborhood skate park. He was not wearing a helmet and is responsive to pain. You note snoring respirations and deformity to the left ankle. You should:

Open the airway using the jaw thrust maneuver

Your 8-year-old patient has blunt chest trauma after being struck by a car. The patient is alert. His airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and pulses are present but weak at 110 beats per minute. Which of the following should you do next?

Perform a rapid scan

Which of the following is a common cause of seizures?

Poisining

You are considering administration of oral glucose to your diabetic patient. This drug is contraindicated when it

Poses a significant risk of harm

You are called for a 40-year-old female with a severe headache. She is 32 weeks pregnant. The patient history reveals she also has nausea, blurred vision and sudden edema in her face and hands. Her blood pressure is 156/96. The patient is most likely experiencing:

Preeclampsia

A patient with an isolated concussion injury will likely:

Progressively improve over time

Your patient is a construction worker who fell from a residential rooftop. He is responsive to pain. Breaths are shallow and irregular. You should

Provide artificial ventilations with a bag mask device and high flow oxygen

The primary assessment of an adult with chest pain includes

Reassessing vital signs

Carbon monoxide exposure is dangerous because it

Reduces delivery of oxygen

A 16-year-old male is unconscious following an assault. When you insert an OPA, the patient begins gagging. You should:

Remove the airway and prepare to suction as needed

You are caring for a 22-year-old female who complains of respiratory distress after exercising. She is alert, speaking full sentences, and has a persistent cough. She is most likely experiencing

Respiratory distress with adequate breathing

You arrive at a residence for an ill person. A child opens the door and says his dad is locked in the bedroom with his gun. You should:

Retreat to safety and request law enforcement

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more commonly found in pediatric patients?

Seesaw respiration

You are caring for a multi-system trauma patient with possible internal bleeding. Select the correct statement about the rapid scan for a multi-system trauma patient

The rapid scan is used to identify life threatening conditions

You are called for a man wandering in the street and yelling at passing cars. Upon arrival, your first priority is

The safety of you and other rescuers

Your patient has been exposed to a chemical that over-stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. You would expect this patient to exhibit

Vomiting

Your pediatric patient has spontaneous respirations. This means the patient is breathing:

With out assistance

Your patient has a partial thickness burn to his anterior chest. It is about the size of the palm of his hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn?

1%

A 36-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is anxious, has intercostal retractions and nasal flaring. Her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. You do not have a pulse oximeter. You should:

Administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

You are caring for a six-year-old patient with respiratory distress. The pulse oximeter (Sa02) reads 93%. Your management of the patient should include

Administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse ox reading of at least 94%

Which of the following statements about use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct?

Adult AED pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available

You are dispatched for a possible CVA. Upon arrival, you determine the patient is responsive to painful stimuli. Which of the following should be assessed first for this patient?

Airway

Esophageal varices typically occurs in patients with a history of:

Alcohol abuse

Your patient has partial-thickness burns over a large surface area. You should:

Apply a dry, sterile burn sheet

Your patient has severe bleeding to her forearm. If direct pressure does not control the bleeding, you should immediately:

Apply a torniquet

While assessing an unresponsive patient, you discover a penetrating wound to the anterior chest. You should first:

Apply an occlusive dressing

A nonrebreather mask should be administered to patients who

Are breathing adequately with signs of hypoxia

Which of the following is a component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?

Arm drift

Which of the following describes the purpose of administering aspirin to a suspected myocardial infarction patient?

Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation in the coronary arteries

An elderly patient reportedly collapsed on a golf course almost 10 minutes ago. You assess her level of consciousness and determine she is unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first

Assess pulse and begin cpr if needed

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce respiratory distress by

Helping to keep the alveoli open

While attempting to restrain a combative patient, your partner was bitten on the arm. Which of the following is true of bite wounds?

Human bites pose a high risk of infection

Your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately

Immediately begin chest compression

You are called for a 6-month-old infant with respiratory distress. Which of the following is true about patients in this age group?

Infants are obligate nose breathers

The foramen magnum

Is a opening at the base of the skull

Which of the following interventions should be performed first for an unresponsive patient with a suspected spinal cord injury?

Jaw thrust maneuver

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause hypovolemic shock?

Laceration of the liver

You are treating a patient with respiratory distress. He has a history of multiple myocardial infarctions. Lung sounds indicate pulmonary edema. You note the patient does NOT have any JVD or pedal edema. The patient is most likely experiencing

Left heart failure

Which of the following is considered a normal capillary refill time for infants and children?

Less than 2 seconds

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should:

Manually seal the mouth and nose

You are treating an unresponsive patient with slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Narcotic overdose

Which of the following medications is intended to decrease myocardial workload and increase myocardial blood flow?

Nitroglycerin

Recommendations for an EMS call involving a behavioral patient include:

Not lying to the patient when answering his questions

Which of the following physiological responses helps protect the body from overheating:

Peripheral vasodilation

You are called for a 24-year-old female who is 28 weeks pregnant. You find the patient supine in bed complaining of severe weakness, dizziness, and nausea. Which of the following is your first priority?

Place the patient of her left side

Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary arteries

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the

Pulmonary veins

You are conducting a primary assessment on an elderly fall victim who complains of hip pain. While assessing circulation, you should check:

Pulses, external bleeding and skin condition

You are called for a drowning victim at a family barbecue. Upon arrival, two family members approach you yelling, swearing, and demanding to know what took so long. One of the family members pushes you. You should

Retreat and request immediate assistance from law enforcement

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious in her apartment living room. While surveying the apartment, your partner yells from the patient's bedroom "she has an SVN machine in here". This suggests the patient has a history of:

Sleep apnea

You are caring for a trauma patient with a closed head injury. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli. The BP is 160/100, pulse is 60 beats/min and respirations are 8 per minute. You should

Stabilize life-threatening conditions and limit your on scene time to 10 min

A 30-year-old male was stabbed in the abdomen during an assault. The knife is impaled in his the right lower abdominal quadrant. It is important to:

Stabilize the knife

Which of the following findings indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway?

Stridor

Epinephrine stimulates which of the following physiological effects?

Tachycardia

When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, remember

The behavior may be caused by a physiological condition

You are transporting a pregnant patient from an urgent care center to a high-risk OB facility. The transferring physician tells you the patient may have an abruptio placenta. This means:

The placenta is prematurely separating from the uterine wall

Life-threatening bleeding should be found and treated during the

The primary assessment

Severe internal bleeding is most likely following an injury to which of the following organs?

The spleen

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of airway obstruction?

The tongue

Which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient?

There is a drop in pressure within the thorax

You are caring for an unresponsive diabetic patient with deep, rapid respirations. The patient's blood glucose is 480 mg/dL. What is the most likely cause of this patient's hyperventilations?

This pt is likely hyperventilating due to severe acidosis

How should you open the airway of an unresponsive patient with an unknown mechanism of injury?

jaw thrust maneuver

You are caring for a 3-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for two-person CPR on this patient?

15 Compressions 2 ventilations

Which of the following is the normal range for a blood glucose level?

80 and 120 mg/dl

An oropharyngeal airway is indicated for which of the following patients?

A 44 year old unconscious pt

Shallow respirations and bradypnea will likely cause:

A decrease in minute volume

Your patient exhibits crepitus to the thorax, paradoxical motion and signs of hypoxia. You should suspect

A flail chest

An elderly female reportedly had a severe headache for the last 24 hours. She was recently found unconscious in bed. Her family reports she has a history of hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The patient's current condition is most likely due to:

A hemorrhagic stroke

Your patient was injured during an industrial accident. He has an abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding. You should apply:

A moist, sterile dressing

Which of the following patients should be your highest transport priority?

A partial thickness burn with respiratory compromise

Which of the following adult patients is breathing adequately?

A pt with respirations at 16 per minute and equal chest rise and fall

Acute hypoglycemia typically causes:

A sudden loss of consciousness

Your adult patient reportedly smoked an unknown substance and passed out. The patient has inadequate ventilations and your partner begins ventilating with the BVM. Which of the following is the best indicator your patient is being ventilated adequately?

Adequate bilateral chest rise and fall during BVM ventilations

When a pulse oximeter is available, how should oxygen be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain?

Administer oxygen to maintain a pulse ox of atleast 94%

When there are signs and symptoms that your patient is hypoxic, you should:

Administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

Your female patient complains of vaginal bleeding. She is alert, denies trauma, and states she is not pregnant. You should:

Assess the patient for signs of hypoperfusion

You are caring for a patient who was ejected during a single vehicle rollover. The patient responds incoherently to verbal commands. You should first:

Assess the pt airway

You are treating a 35-year-old man who was stung by a bee. He is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. His breath sounds are clear and non-labored. His BP is 130/82. How should you manage this patient?

Assess the pt for signs of hypoxia, administer oxygen as needed and transport

Your 67-year-old patient recently began taking a new medication. He is complaining of a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress. He quickly becomes semi-conscious and unable to follow verbal commands. His pulse oximeter (SaO2) is 89%. You should:

Assist ventilations with a BVM

You are on the scene of a patient who was sexually assaulted. The scene is safe, but law enforcement officials are still responding. You should:

Attempt to get at least one EMS provider of the same sex