NRSG257 Final Exam
The nurse completes an admission database and explains that the plan of care and discharge goals will be developed with the patient's input. The patient states, "How is this different from what the doctor does?" Which response would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?
"In addition to caring for you while you are sick, the nurses will assist you to develop an individualized holistic plan to maintain your health."
During a discussion between the nurse manager and a staff registered nurse (RN) about the RN's recent erratic performance on the unit, the RN states, "After my husband announced that he was leaving me, I thought I was dying." Identify the best response by the nurse manager.
"Tell me how you were feeling."
Which statement by a nurse manager during a staff meeting best demonstrates the use of an assertive style of communication?
"You have made some good points, but I have another suggestion."
The registered nurse has been asked to administer a drug by IV push on the oncology unit. The nurse is uncertain whether or not this task falls within a nurse's scope of practice. The nurse knows that the following resources will assist the nurse in making a decision regarding this situation. Select all that apply
- Hospital policy and procedure - Nurse practice act
What is the primary function of an ethical code?
A framework for decision-making
Which of the following is an example of a systematic review? - A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Nursing Research - A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database - A synopsis published in Evidence Based Nursing - A clinical practice guideline from the National Guideline Clearing House
A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database
Data
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Data analysis
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Study participant
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Theory
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Construct
A term used in qualitative research
Informant
A term used in qualitative research
Phenomenon
A term used in qualitative research
Subject
A term used in quantitative research
Variable
A term used in quantitative research
In what part of a research article would the reader locate a brief summary of the major features of the study?
Abstract
The summary of the study, also known as a(n)___________, appears at the beginning of the report.
Abstract
Which example demonstrates the nurse performing the skill of evaluation?
After completing the teaching, the nurse observes the patient draw up and administer an insulin injection.
Disseminating research results
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Doing a literature review
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Taking steps to ensure protection of human rights
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Developing strategies to avoid collection of new data
An activity in neither quantitative or qualitative research
Analyzing the data for major themes or categories
An activity in qualitative research
Ending data collection once saturation is achieved
An activity in qualitative research
Gaining entry into a site and negotiating with gatekeepers
An activity in qualitative research
Choosing between an experimental or nonexperimental design
An activity in quantitative research
Developing or evaluating measurement instruments
An activity in quantitative research
Formulating hypotheses to be tested statistically
An activity in quantitative research
Which phase of the research process would computing what percentage of subject were clinically depressed occur in?
Analytic phase
Which phase of the research process would interpreting findings that were contrary to the hypotheses occur in?
Analytic phase
Research designed to solve a pressing practical problem__________(as opposed to basic) research
Applied
Identify a communication style that involves interpersonal behaviors that permit people to defend and maintain their legitimate rights in a respectful manner that does not violate the rights of others.
Assertive
A principle that is believed to be true without proof or verification is a(n)_________.
Assumption
Background or foreground: What effect does altitude change have on circadian physiology?
Background question
Background or foreground: What is the pathophysiology of Lyme disease?
Background question
Background or foreground: What is the risk of bronchopulmonary aspiration during enteral feeding?
Background question
Background or foreground: When do complications of pneumonia usually occur?
Background question
An influence producing a distortion in the study results
Bias
What does the quantitative approach in research attempt to eliminate?
Bias and subjectivity
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable "length of stay in the hospital."
Both
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable involved in a cause and effect relationship
Both
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable that requires an operational definition
Both
Many studies seek to understand determinants of phenomena and are referred to as_________probing.
Cause
What type of credentialing indicated that an individual has achieved a high level of expertise and knowledge in an area of nursing practice?
Certification
Research designed to inform nursing practice is referred to as ____________nursing research
Clinical
A study that tests the effect of an intervention is a ____________________.
Clinical trial
The _____________Collaboration is a cornerstone of EBP.
Cochrane
Which of the following is a cornerstone of evidence based practice? - Cochrane collaboration - Uses basic research - Scientific method - Institute of Medicine
Cochrane collaboration
Which phase of the research process would Identifying a suitable theoretical framework occur in?
Conceptual phase
Which phase of the research process would conducting a literature review occur in?
Conceptual phase
In what paradigm do qualitative methods in research have their roots?
Constructivism
The world view that holds that there are multiple interpretations of a reality is____________.
Constructivism
In her study of injection drug users' use of health care facilities, Meagher recruited participants by posting a notice on a homeless shelter bulletin board. What is the sampling approach for this statement?
Convenience or snoball
A key criterion, achieved to the extent that researchers can engender confidence in the truth of the data and their interpretations
Credibility
To enhance cultural awareness, nursing students need to make an in-depth examination of their own:
Cultural background, recognizing personal biases and prejudices
Information gathered in a study is called
Data
Identify the ethical theory that is based on moral rule and unchanging principles.
Deontology
Another name for an outcome variable
Dependent
Another name for an outcome variable is:
Dependent variable
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable that is the main outcome of interest in the study
Dependent variable
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable that is the presumed effect
Dependent variable
The positivist assumption that phenomena are not random but rather have antecedent causes is called__________.
Determinism
In what part of a research article would the reader locate the researchers interpretation of the study findings?
Discussion
Which phase of the research process would presenting a paper at at a meeting of the Midwestern Nursing Research Society occur in?
Dissemination phase
If the independent variable is the cause, the dependent variable is the __________.
Effect
_______evidence refers to evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered through the senses.
Empirical
Which phase of the research process would coding data for entry information onto a computer file occur in?
Empirical phase
Which phase of the research process would distributing questionnaires to a group of nursing home residents occur in?
Empirical phase
As nurses achieve increased professional autonomy, what must they also accept?
Ethical accountability
A type of qualitative research that focuses on the study of culture is________________.
Ethnography
What is the most significant professional benefit to a student who belongs to the National Student Nurse Association?
Experiencing firsthand the operation, activities, and professionalism of a national organization
Identify the study design for the following statement: Kendall randomly assigned postsurgical patients to aromatherapy (oil of peppermint) or usual care to assess effects on nausea.
Experimental
The broad class of research that involves an intervention is______________ research.
Experimental
T/F: An evidence hierarchy for a "meaning" question ranks RCTs as Level II evidence.
False
T/F: Martha studied the meaning of the respite experience for family caregivers of patients with dementia. This is an example of an ethnography tradition.
False
T/F: Problem-focused triggers in the Iowa Model are more akin to research utilization.
False
T/F: Research utilization is essentially synonymous with evidence-based practice.
False
T/F: Systematic reviews are always in the form of a meta-analysis.
False
T/F: The evidence-based practice movement originated in the United States.
False
T/F: In the PICO acronym, the "O" component of clinical questions stands for Observation.
False- outcome
The nurse is preparing to do a research study. Which phase of the research would be part of the conceptual phase of conducting research? - Coding data for entry information onto a computer file - Presenting a paper at a conference - Distributing a questionnaire to a group of mothers - Identifying a suitable theoretical framework
Identifying a suitable theoretical framework
Some Qualitative researchers do not undertake an up front____________________.
Literature review
Which of the following would be qualitative research? - Weekend and night outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency room - Trends in hospitalizations of patients admitted with antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis - Predicting risks of serious complications of abdominal surgery - Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness
Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness
Identify the primary purpose of the National League for Nursing
Maintain and improve the standards of nursing education
The profession of nursing collectively through its professional organizations must:
Maintain integrity of the profession, articulate nursing values, & maintain the integrity of the profession
The Joint Commission sets mandatory National Client Safety Goals so that hospitals can improve quality & safety by:
Making these goals a priority in client care
In what part of a research article would the reader locate a description of how the research data is collected?
Method
In what part of a research article would the reader locate information on how study participants were selected?
Method
What part of the research article would a reader of a research article locate the description the research design for a study?
Method
When conducting an in-service on serious medical errors, the nurse teaches that nearly 70% of sentinel events are related to:
Miscommunication
A nursing student is talking with one of the staff nurses who works on a surgical unit. The student's care plan is to include nursing outcomes for the nursing diagnosis of acute pain. A nursing outcome suitable for this patient with acute pain at the present time would be:
Patient will report reduced pain severity in 2 hrs
The qualitative research tradition that focuses on lived experience is ________________________.
Phenomenology
When a new protocol or guideline is developed in an evidence-based practice (EBP) project, it should be ________________to evaluate utility
Piloted
Which phase of the research process would deciding to collect data from 300 alcoholics in treatments occur in?
Planning phase
Which phase of the research process would deciding what type of design to use occur in?
Planning phase
Which phase of the research process would designing a training session to be used with data collectors occur in?
Planning phase
A __________________ is the entire aggregate in which a researcher is interested in.
Population
The 'P' in PICO refers to ____________.
Population
What are the 4 components of asking a well-worded clinical question:
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
____________ is the world view that assumes that there is an orderly reality that can be studies objectively.
Positivism
Identify the sampling approach used. Marshall randomly selected 250 students from a large university to study their use of drugs and alcohol.
Probability
Which sampling approach was used in the following statement? Kane randomly sampled 250 nurses from urban areas and 250 from rural areas from a list of licensed nurses in Wisconsin to study their attitudes toward evidence-based practice.
Probability
According to Healthy People 2020 identify the purpose of providing services to maintain health for the general public:
Promotes the detection of illness & caring for injuries
The study aimed to explore the experience of living with the stigma of being a suicide survivor This sentence is an example of a: - purpose statement - research hypothesis - problem statement - research question
Purpose Statement
Qualitative or Quantitative: What are sources of daily stress among nursing home residents, and what do these stressors mean to the resident?
Qualitative
Qualitative or Quantitative: What are the health care needs of the homeless, and what barriers do they face in having those needs met?
Qualitative
Qualitative or Quantitative: What is the decision-making process of AIDS patients seeking treatment?
Qualitative
Qualitative or Quantitative: What is the meaning of hope among Stage IV cancer patients?
Qualitative
Which type of nursing research is identification a study purpose?
Qualitative
The nurse is critiquing various research journal articles. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding quantitative and qualitative research? - Qualitative research may focus on phenomenologic studies - Quantitative researchers look closely a dependent and independent variables - Qualitative researchers use experimental study designs - In quantitative research the first phase of the research process is the conceptual phase
Qualitative researchers use experimental study designs
Qualitative or Quantitative: Does therapeutic touch affect the vital signs of hospitalized patients?
Quantitative
Qualitative or Quantitative: What are the effects of a formal exercise program on high blood pressure and cholesterol levels of middle-aged men?
Quantitative
Qualitative or Quantitative: What effect does room temperature have on the colonization rate of bacteria in urinary catheters?
Quantitative
_________is a strategy used by quantitative researchers to reduce biases and involves having aspects of the study established by chance rather than by personal choice.
Randomness
Which demographic factor has the most significant effect on the health-care delivery system of the future?
Rapidly increasing average age of the population
Which contribution by Florence Nightingale had the greatest impact on nursing education?
Recognizing that formal, systemic education in both theory and practice was essential for the preparation of high quality nurses
Which behavior indicates that a nurse who is forced to confront a conflict situation is using a submissive approach to communication?
Refers the problem to a supervisor
Which of the following is defines the concept of emancipatory knowing
Reflection on social, cultural, and political injustice
The process of critically reflecting on one's self in a process called ______________ that many qualitative researchers might engage in.
Reflexivity
The accuracy and consistency of the obtained information
Reliability
____________Is a criterion for evaluating study evidence (usually quantitative study) that concerns the accuracy and consistency of information
Reliability
_________is the repeating of a study to determine if findings can be upheld with a new groups of people.
Replication
In what part quantitative studies would the reader locate the findings from statistical analysis?
Results
The student nurse is working on care planning for a patient. The nurse comes up with the following NANDA diagnoses below. Select the NANDA diagnosis that will not have any related factors (etiological factors).
Risk for falls
A_______is a subset of a population from whom data are gathered
Sample
Data ________________is a principle used to decide when to stop sampling in a qualitative study.
Saturation
What is the primary goal of the state board of nursing in establishing licensure of nurses
Set a minimum level of competency to protect the public
A particularly vocal staff nurse on a busy obstetric unit has been complaining to the other nurses about the unit manager's preferential treatment of the night-shift nurses. Select the action that the unit manager should take to resolve this problem, which best demonstrates the use of the assertive approach to conflict resolution.
Sets up a time and place for a one-on-one meeting with the staff nurse.
If the results of a statistical test indicated a probability of .001, the results would be statistically ________________.
Significant
What is the second step in the ethical decision making process?
State the dilemma
Quantitative researchers perform___________analysis of their data sets.
Statistical
A nurse is planning care for a patient going to surgery. Who is responsible for providing information to the patient about the surgery along with possible risks, complications and benefits?
Surgeon
_________reviews of randomized controlled trials (RTC's) are at the pinnacle of most evidence hierarchies.
Systemic
The Code of Ethics for Nurses is composed and published by:
The American Nurses Association
The nurse wants to delegate the task of showering an elderly client in a wheelchair to the nursing assistive personnel(UAP). Before delegating a task to the UAP, the nurse should first ensure which of the following is accomplished?
The UAP demonstrated competency for the task during orientation
A health care issue can become an ethical dilemma if:
The alternatives are not clearly right or wrong
Why is the input of nurses vital to legislators?
The majority of legislators do not have health-care backgrounds
The nurse is doing discharge teaching for the following patient. Which factor contributes most to an 82-year-old client's understanding of the discharge teaching given by a nurse?
The nurse communicate at the client's knowledge level.
You are a nurse on a surgical unit. You are doing assignments for a shift. Which patient do you assign to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)?
The patient that had a surgical procedure yesterday and is being discharged tomorrow.
When does the encoding process of communication take place?
The receiver thinks about the information, understands it, and forms an idea based on the message.
Which of the following is a fundamental belief of those who adhere to a positivist paradigm? - The researcher assumes there is an orderly reality that is studied objectively - The researcher has a view that there are multiple interpretations of a reality - The researcher has a priority on subjective realities - The researcher has a focus on themes of lived experience
The researcher assumes there is an orderly reality that is studied objectively
A systematic abstract explanation of a phenomenon is a(n)________________.
Theory
A single RCT would be level II on an evidence hierarchy for____________ questions.
Therapy
The lived experience of caring for a dying spouse is an example of a part of a research article called the ________________.
Title
The nurse asks the patient if pain was relieved after receiving medication. What is the most important purpose of the evaluation phase of the nursing process?
To determine if interventions have been effective in meeting patient outcomes
Which one of the following is NOT the major purpose of nursing diagnosis?
To find out disease, trauma and pathophysiology for medical diagnoses
The nurse interviews a patient while completing the health history and physical examination. What is the purpose of the assessment phase of the nursing process?
To obtain data with which to develop nursing diagnoses
________is to qualitative research what generalizability is to quantitative research.
Transferability
The use of multiple sources or referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth.
Triangulation
T/F: A key step in an individual EBP effort is to integrate appraised research evidence with expertise and local contextual information.
True
T/F: A metasynthesis integrates knowledge from multiple qualitative studies.
True
T/F: A well-known early nursing research utilization project is the CURN project.
True
T/F: In a meta-analysis, the unit of analysis is an individual study rather than an individual study participant
True
T/F: In asking clinical foreground questions, there is always a "P" component, regardless of question type.
True
T/F: In organizational EBP projects, an important activity is pilot testing and evaluating an evidence-based innovation.
True
T/F: Peter studied end-of life caregiving for elders living on a Hopi Reservation in Arizona. This is an example of an ethnography tradition.
True
T/F: Solomon's study of eating patterns and self-esteem in adolescents involved interviews with both anorexic and obese teenagers aged 14 to 17 years. The type of sampling approached used for this study would be purposive sampling.
True
The overall integrity of the study evidence, a term used in qualitative research
Trustworthiness
Of the following titles which title has the lowest level of education
UAP
The nurse is teaching the student nurse about how to use SBAR when calling a physician. The student nurse verbalizes understanding of SBAR when stating that SBAR is:
Used as a situational briefing
Identify the name of the system of ethical decision-making that is based on the "greatest good" principle.
Utilitarianism
Quantitative researchers strive for findings that are reliable and________
Valid
The soundness of the evidence—whether findings are convincing, are well-grounded, and support the desired inferences
Validity
Which of the following data would indicate that the results would be statistically significant in a quantitative research study?
p= .001
In the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 2000 report, what was the estimated number of clients who die every year due to hospital-related mistakes?
98,000
Ethnographic research is based on the following: - Focus on the study of culture - Focus on the study of empirical evidence - Focus on the manipulation of variables - Focus on social psychological processes within a social setting
Focus on the study of culture
Background or foreground: Do patients receiving an intradermal injection experience greater discomfort with bevel-up or bevel-down needle injection?
Foreground question
Background or foreground: Does depression contribute to mortality among patients with heart failure?
Foreground question
Background or foreground: What bed rest elevation for mechanically ventilated patients is maximally effective in reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
Foreground question
Background or foreground: What is it like for patients with HIV or AIDS to adapt to changes in body weight and ensuing body image changes?
Foreground question
Background or foreground: What is it like for people with a history of severe phobias to overcome their phobia?
Foreground question
Background or foreground: Which large-volume enema solution—tap water, soap suds, or polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution—results in the least mucosal irritation in patients with constipation?
Foreground question
The degree to which research findings can be applied to people who did not participate in a study concerns its_________________.
Generalizability
A qualitative tradition that focuses on social psychological process within a social setting is called ______________ theory.
Grounded
A clinical practice _______________based on rigorous systematic evidence is an important tool for evidence based care
Guideline
Which characteristics of healthcare in ancient civilizations distinguishes it from healthcare of today?
Health care was closely related to religious practices
The nursing diagnosis readiness for enhanced communication is an example of which kind of nursing diagnosis (according to NANDA-I)?
Health promotion nursing diagnosis
The Institute of Medicine Report supports the relationship of improved quality of care to:
Increased levels of nursing education
There is a rapid aging of the baby boomer generation. Identify the most significant element in the continued rise in health-care costs in the United States related to this aging population.
Increasing need for chronic long-term health care
The presumed influence on the dependent variable is the _____________ variable.
Independent
Independent, dependent, both, or neither: The variable that is the presumed cause
Independent variable
When asking a clinical therapy question the "I" component refers to the ____________.
Intervention
Identify the most appropriate political activities for nurses at the state level.
Introduce legislation and seek sponsors
In what part of a research article would the reader locate the following statement. "The purpose of this study was to explore the process by which patients cope with a cancer diagnosis."
Introduction
In what part of a research article would the reader locate the research questions or hypotheses?
Introduction
In which part of the research report is the research problem stated?
Introduction
What role does anger play in communication?
It can be used positively to produce change
Nurses have discussions in practice settings to read and evaluate studies in the context of ____________
Journal clubs
The nurse is reading a research article based on observational research. The nurse is aware that another name for this is: - Non-experimental research - Quantitative research - Experimental research - Quasi-experimental research
Non-experimental research
When nurses are avoiding harm to patients, this is an example of which ethical principle?
Non-maleficence
Another name for non-experimental research, often used in the literature is ____________research
Observational
Evidence-based nursing primarily includes which of the following to answer clinical questions? - Consulting an authority - Using intuition - Obtaining the highest level research - Relying on expert experience
Obtaining the highest level research
The_______________definition indicates how a variable will be measured or observed
Operational
When asking a clinical question the 'O' component refers to the_____________.
Outcome
A ________is a worldview, a way of looking at natural phenomena.
Paradigm
A patient has limited mobility as a result of a recent hip replacement. The nurse identifies that the patient has altered balance and assists with ambulation of the patient. The patient uses a walker presently as part of his therapy. The nurse notes how far the patient is able to walk and then assists the patient back to the room. Which of the following is an evaluation measure (with concrete data)?
Patient able to walk 10 feet
The nurse writes an expected-outcome statement in measurable terms with concrete measurable data. An example is:
Patient will report pain acuity less than 4 on a scale of 1 to 10