NSC101: Chapter 7

Which of the following foods is not a source of vitamin C?

Milk

Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make vitamin D.

Living in the northern United States

Vitamin D is not an essential nutrient if sufficient sunlight is met. We need vitamin D to help regulate blood __________ and phosphorous to maintain _______ integrity

calcium, bone

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:

caloric nutrient

All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one?

overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity.

A vitamin is defined as an essential, non-caloric, organic nutrient needed in ___________ amounts in the diet. The role of many vitamins is to help make possible the processed by which other nutrients are digested and ____________. Some of the vitamins are _________-____________, such as vitamin A D E K. Other vitamins are _____-_______ and easily travel through the blood stream

tiny, absorbed, fat soluble, water soluble

Which individual has a valid reason to take a vitamin/mineral supplement?

someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol

Which of the following are classified as water-soluble vitamins?

Bs, C vitamins

Which of the following is true regarding vitamin C?

Research has shown there is no significant relationship between vitamin C supplementation and cold prevention.

the best way to select foods that are rich in vitamins is to:

Select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins

To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin?

folate

Vitamin b12 and _____________ help cells multiply

folate

What is the main function of vitamin K?

help blood to clot

Which specific B vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? Deficiency in this vitamin leads to Beriberi.

thiamin

Which specific B vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? Deficiency in this vitamin leads to Beriberi

thiamine

When exposed to sunlight, the skim makes __________ ____

Vitamin D

All of these statements are true EXCEPT which one?

Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amount

What can you determine from the Nutrition Facts label about the vitamin D content of this cereal?

When combined with milk, this cereal is an excellent source of vitamin D.

The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one?

Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content.

A neighbor has asked you for advice on what to eat to increase her folate intake. However, she is vegetarian. Which of the following food items would you suggest to best suit her needs?

1/3 cup spinach

the adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is _____ mg for men and ____ mg for women

90, 75

An estimated 5 million of the world's children, ages 3-5 years old, suffer from signs of vitamin _____ deficiency resulting in night blindness, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

A

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Deficiency in the water soluble vitamins __________ and ___________ contribute to anemia and a deficiency in ____________ causes pellagra

B12, Folate, and Niacin

The plant derived precursor to vitamin A is ____-__________

Beta-Carotene

Vitamin A and Vitamin ____ are fat-soluble vitamins that act like hormones

D

T/F: B12 supplements mask a folate deficiency

False; Folate supplements mask a B12 deficiency.

Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. What are the two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables?

Folate and vitamin C

If you eat a food that contains a large dose of thiamin and riboflavin, what will most likely happen to the thiamin and riboflavin?

They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements.

T/F: Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals.

True

While reading the labels of five vitamin supplements you see one of the words, phrases, or symbols listed below each label. Which vitamin supplement is the best choice for you?

USP

Which of the following statements is true of riboflavin?

Ultraviolet light and irradiation destroy riboflavin.

Which statement is true of vitamin C?

Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant

Which statement regarding water-soluble vitamins is FALSE?

Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver.

A woman has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following diseases is she likely to suffer from?

Xerophthalmia

Vitamin C is also known as:

ascorbic acid

Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning?

b12

Which of the following is a vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue?

beta-carotene

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for the synthesis of proteins involved in _____________ and bone formation. It can be obtained from intestinal _____________ a nonfood source. Unfortunately, vitamin K deficiencies may occur in ____________- because they are most likely to have sterile intestinal tracts

blood clotting, bacteria, infants

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one?

cell differentiation

All of the following are good food sources of vitamin D EXCEPT:

citrus fruits

The B vitamins act as parts of:

coenzymes

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to apply to a fat-soluble vitamin?

easily absorbed and excreted in urine

A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What characteristic of her diet would cause this?

exclusion of grains and cereals

The nutrient needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is

fat

vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ____________ . This means that they are absorbed in the __________ prior to entering the bloodstream. They are _____ within the body nd intake is required on a _____ basis

fat souluble, lymph, stored, weekly

Which of the following statements is correct?

fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body requires them.

Deficiencies in __________ can result in anemia, reduced immunity, and abnormal digestive function. This vitamin is a coenzyme important in synthesizing new cells.

folate

Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to cases of rickets in the United States?

increased physical activity in organized sports

__________________ ______________ is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely.

intestinal bacteria

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A?

muscle contraction and nerve transmission

large doses of ___________ a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease.

niacin

Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are ______________________, also called provitamins

precursors

The main reason for fortifying grain products with folic acid is to:

reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects in infants

What is the active form of vitamin A? It is made from beta-carotene and is stored in specialized liver cells in animals and humans.

retinol

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C?

scurvy

_____________ should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentrations.

smokers

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans?

vegetable oils

Which vitamin supplement is known to cause malformations of a fetus?

vitamin A

woman following a vegan diet has become pregnant. She most likely requires _____ supplements.

vitamin D and vitamin B12

Thiamin is also known as:

vitamin b1

An uninformed strict vegetarian is at a special risk of developing a _____ deficiency.

vitamin b12

Your teammate claims he is feeling very fatigued and has a bit of numbness in his legs so he is unable to make it to practice today. He also told you he recently found out he is lactose intolerant and has not been ingesting any dairy products. Which vitamin deficiency is he most likely suffering from?

vitamin b12

A good friend has confided in you that he has been experiencing appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, increased urination, and thirst. He is worried because his medical examination revealed that calcium has been deposited in his blood vessels and kidneys. Based on these signs and symptoms, what do you suspect your friend has been taking?

vitamin d

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol?

vitamin e

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant?

vitamin e

what is found in green and leafy vegetables, helps stabilize cellular membranes, and supports immune function?

vitamin e

The B vitamins and vitamin C are collectively known as the ________ vitamins. Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy yet can be prevented by ingesting as little as _____ mg vitamin c per day. The b vitamins mainly function as _______ that are necessary for enzymes to be activated

water soluble, 10, coenzymes