NTR 241 Exam 2

protein

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are so named because of their high proportion of

false

Strength athletes cannot get adequate amounts of protein from diet alone.

true

Taking a high dose supplement of an essential amino acid could theoretically prompt deficiency of another amino acid.

14 g/1000 kcal per day

The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber is:

limiting amino acid

The amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply is called the

glycogen

The complex carbohydrate that is the storage form of glucose in animals is:

chylomicron

The lipoprotein that transports lipids from the intestine into the bloodstream is a: high-density lipoprotein (HDL). chylomicron. micelle. very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).

maintain blood glucose

The primary function of liver glycogen is to: provide energy for digestion. maintain blood glucose. store fat. synthesize glycoproteins.

true

For someone with phenylketonuria (PKU), the nonessential amino acid tyrosine becomes an essential amino acid.

your unique genetic makeup

The specific sequence of amino acids that make up the individual proteins in your body is determined by

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

The term complex carbohydrates refers to: monosaccharides. disaccharides. glucose. oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

complementary proteins

The traditional Cajun dish of red beans and rice is a good example of

bile

To facilitate the emulsification of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases

enzymes that break down proteins

What are proteases?

false

all lipids are solid at room temperature

true

proteins contain the element nitrogen

triglycerides

the body stores lipids as:

mutual supplementation

the process of combining two or more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein is called:

transamination

the process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called

true

Denaturation results in the loss of the protein's function.

Monoacylglyceride

During triglyceride digestion, two fatty acids are removed and the resulting molecule is called a: diglyceride. monoacylglyceride. phospholipid. glycerol.

starch

Plants store glucose in the form of the complex carbohydrate:

false

Proteins are assembled by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Increase dietary fiber intake, especially from oat bran, beans, and fruits.

Public health organizations recommend which of the following strategies to prevent or reduce the risk for heart disease? Avoid plant sterols. Increase dietary fiber intake, especially from oat bran, beans, and fruits. Consume two glasses of wine per day. Maintain high blood glucose levels

true

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are digested and transported more quickly than long-chain fatty acids.

two monosaccharides

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of: two polysaccharides. two oligosaccharides. two monosaccharides. one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide.

saturated

A fatty acid containing the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms bound to it is called

complete protein

A food that provides all nine essential amino acids is called a

65%

ADMR for carbohydrates is up to

20-35% of total energy

ADMR for fat

insulin

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

essential

Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are characterized as

have a reduced risk for heart disease

As compared to people who eat meat, people who consume a balanced vegetarian diet

fiber

Bran is the part of a grain kernel that is very high in

They decrease inflammation and blood triglycerides.

How do omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease? They decrease inflammation and blood triglycerides. They increase levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). They increase the synthesis of bile and boost blood levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). They speed up metabolism and increase total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.

130 grams

How many grams of carbohydrate (per day) are recommended in healthy individuals to provide adequate fuel to the brain (RDA)? 75 grams 130 grams 160 grams 100 grams

4

How many kcal of energy does 1 gram of carbohydrate provide?

true

Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into its active form pepsin.

false

In a phospholipid, the heads are hydrophobic and the tails are hydrophilic.

nuts and seeds

In addition to whole grains, which of the following is a good source of dietary fiber? lean red meat refined grains 100% fruit juice nuts and seeds

true

In adequately nourished individuals, protein contributes minimally to energy needs.

deficiency of lactase

Lactose intolerance is due to a(n)

true

Lipids are a major fuel source when we are at rest.

increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

What effect does exercise have on blood-cholesterol levels? increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increases total triglycerides increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

increases total blood cholesterol

What effect does the consumption of trans fatty acids have on a person's health? provides essential fatty acids that reduce inflammation reduces blood levels of VLDL cholesterol increases HDL cholesterol levels increases total blood cholesterol

nitrogen

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

Soluble fiber can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot.

What is the KEY difference between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber? Soluble fiber contains alpha bonds; insoluble fiber contains beta bonds. Soluble fiber can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot. Soluble fiber can be ingested; insoluble fiber cannot. Soluble fiber is found only in fruits and vegetables; insoluble fiber in whole grains.

Monounsaturated

What type of fatty acid chain contains one double carbon bond?

saturated

Which of the following fatty acids is typically solid at room temperature?

it is related to an immune response

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes? It is characterized by insulin resistance or insensitivity. It is related to an immune response It is commonly associated with obesity. It arises most commonly during older adulthood.

sucrose

Which of the following is a disaccharide? glucose fructose sucrose galactose

the type of atoms of which they are composed

Which of the following is not a difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? the type of bonds joining them the type of atoms of which they are composed their digestability the number of molecules of which they are made up

walnut oil

Which of the following is the BEST source of heart-healthy fats? cream cheese bacon whole milk walnut oil

Lentils are a good source of protein, but do not provide all nine essential amino acids.

Which of the following statements about protein foods is TRUE? Some grains are high in protein, but no grain provides all nine essential amino acids. Tofu is a high-protein food derived from fermented corn. Nuts are high in protein, but also high in saturated fat and cholesterol. Lentils are a good source of protein, but do not provide all nine essential amino acids.

side chain

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase.

Why does carbohydrate digestion NOT occur in the stomach? Pancreatic amylase absorbs all carbohydrates through endocytosis. All carbohydrates are broken down in the mouth before they reach the stomach. Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase. The stomach lining absorbs all carbohydrates.

29%

Yesterday Shannon consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat. What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat?

sucrose

glucose + fructose

225 kilocalories

how many calories does 25 grams of fat provide?

pancreas

insulin is synthesized and released by the: